1、职称英语理工类 A 级-56 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.We are Ucertain/U that he will get over his illness. A. sure B. happy C. surprised D. excited（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.A research center has been Uset up/U in this country. A. praised B. established C. reformed D. criticized（分数：1.
2、00）A.B.C.D.3.If headaches only Uoccur/U at night, lack of fresh air is often the cause. A. deliver B. fall C. happen D. arrive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The ice is not thick enough to Ubear/U the weigh of a tank. A. suffer B. accept C. receive D. endure（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.A small number of Ufirms/U have stop
3、ped trading. A. hotels B. shops C. restaurants D. companies（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.In order to Usurvive/U man needs to consume food and water. A. work B. play C. live D. walk（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The researchers have just Ucompleted/U a study of driving situations. A. started B. finished C. changed D. made（
4、分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.It seems Uhighly/U unlikely that she will pass the exam. A. very B. completely C. usually D. mostly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Their parents once lived under very Usevere/U conditions. A. sound B. hard C. strict D. tight（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Michael is now Umerely/U a good friend. A. largely
5、B. possibly C. just D. rarely（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.It is Uobvious/U that he will win the game. A. likely B. possible C. clear D. unwilling（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.There is no Urisk/U to public health. A. point B. danger C. chance D. hope（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Did anyone Ucall/U me when I was out? A. invite B.
6、 name C. answer D. phone（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.It took US. a long time to Umend/U the house. A. build B. destroy C. design D. repair（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.I dont quite Ufollow/U what she is saying A. believe B. understand C. explain D. accept（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Green Roof Resea
7、rchThe concept of green roofs is basically about growing plants on roofs, thus helping to replace the green footprint that had been destroyed due to the construction of the building. Green roofs are the most prevalent (流行) in Germany, which is widely regarded as the leader in green roof research.The
8、 green roofs that are used these days can be classified as “extensive“ and “intensive“ systems. Extensive green roofs use mosses, grasses and herbs, which are tolerant to droughts. These plants do not need much maintenance, can be grown in a layer of substrate (土层) that can be as shallow as 1.5 inch
9、es, and generally are inaccessible to the public. In contrast, a wide range of species of plants are grown on intensive green roofs, such as shrubs (灌木) and even trees, which require deeper substrate layers, and are usually grown on fiat roofs. They need intensive maintenance, and are usually areas
10、that resemble parks which are accessible to people.There are several benefits of adopting green roof technologies. Apart from the obvious psychological and aesthetic (美学的) benefits of garden-like environments surrounding you, some of the common economic and ecological benefits are: a reduction in th
11、e consumption of energy; air and water purification; recovering green spaces; and the mitigation (缓解) of the heat island effect in urban areas.The green roof research that is currently ongoing is focused on evaluating the species of plants that are suitable to be grown on roofs, the methods of propa
12、gation (繁殖) as well as establishment, nutrient (养料) and water requirement, substrates, and the quantity and quality of water runoff. The evaluation criteria of plant species are: at what rate they can be established their capacity to withstand invasive weeds; tolerance of cold and heat; tolerance of
13、 drought conditions; capacity of persistence and survival.A number of experiments are being conducted on roof platform simulations at various research centers. These sites are generally outfitted with equipment, which are used to measure temperatures at different depths of the growing substrates, an
14、d the rate and volume of the runoff of stormwaters from each of the platforms.Green roof technology is representative of a completely new market for landscape contractors, and all roofs that currently exist and the future ones to be constructed are the potential market-a market that is too huge to b
15、e overlooked.（分数：7.00）(1).It is estimated that around 10 percent of the flat roofs in Germany are green. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).German people prefer extensive green roof systems to intensive ones. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Small plants lik
16、e grasses and herbs are grown widely on intensive green roofs. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Green roof is an ecologically sound strategy of spreading green in urban areas. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).One of the benefits of green roofs is the reduc
17、tion of the heat island effect in cities. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).One focus in the green roof research is the evaluation of suitable plant species. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Although green roof technology can create a garden-like environmen
18、t, its potential market is rather small. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)The Science of Sport1. At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, the Chinese athlete Liu Xiang equaled the world record for the 110 metres hurdles (跨栏) when he ran the race in 12.
19、91 seconds. This record time had been set in 1993 by British sprinter (短跑运动员) Colin Jackson and 9 years went by before another athlete was able to run as fast.2. Record-breaking in all track events is slowing clown and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance. Neverthele
20、ss, every four years, records which were previously thought to be unbeatable are broken. So whats behind this never-ending improvement in performance? And how long can we keep breaking records? Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds?3. Most experts agree that
21、 it isnt the athletes bodies which have changed but the huge advances in sport science which have enabled them to improve their performances. The individual athlete obviously has to have the necessary skill and determination to succeed, but the help of science and technology can be significant. Rese
22、arch has brought a better understanding of the athletes body and mind but the advances in sports equipment technology have also had an important impact on human performance.4. Scientists have shown that an athletes bodys needs vary according to the type of sport. This research has helped top sports
23、people to adapt their training programme and diet better to their particular needs. Running the marathon and cycling, for example, are endurance (耐力) sports and require a different parathion (硝苯硫磷脂) to that of a 100-metre sprinter. In some sports, changes in techniques have significantly improved pe
24、rformance.5. But in any sport, a players success or failure results from a combination of both physical and mental abilities. Most coaches use psychological techniques to help their athletes cope with stress and concentrate on their performance. For example, the English football team listens to musi
25、c in the changing rooms before a game to help the players relax and not feel so nervous. Before a difficult match, tennis players are encouraged to use visualization (想象) techniques to build confidence and this is almost as good as practice.6. But as science begins to dominate sport, are we in dange
26、r of losing sight of the heart of the competition, the sporting challenge? Whats more, are all these advantages fair?A. Different sports require different training programs.B. Science may be too important today.C. Sports equipment has been improved a lot.D. Athletes are still breaking records.E. Spo
27、rt science helps improve athletes performances.F. Mental training is as important as physical training.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. to avoid psychological techniques. B. to brea
28、k records C. to better understand the athletes body and mind D. to time and space E. to be replacing the sporting challenge F. to human performance It is more difficult for todays athletes _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).We dont know if there is a limit _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Research has helped coaches _.（分数：
29、1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Scientific advances are suspected _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Genetically Modified FoodsIf you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic of genetically modified foods. For many people, the concept of genetically a
30、ltered, high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental, healthy, safety and ethical questions. Particularly in countries with long grain traditions-and vocal green lobbies-the idea seems against nature.In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of out lives. A thir
31、d of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the U.S. last year were the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the U.S. this year. The genetic genie (妖怪) is out of the bot
32、tle.Yet there are clearly some very real issues that need to be resolved. Like any new product entering the food chain, genetically modified foods must be subjected to rigorous testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is tempered by the fact that we have a rich array of foods to choos
33、e from and a supply that far exceeds our needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations, the issue is simpler and much more urgent: Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks? The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the worl
34、ds population reached 6 billion. The U.N. estimates that nearly 800 million people around the world are undernourished. The effects are devastating. About 400 million women of child-bearing age are iron deficient, which means their babies are exposed to various birth defects. As many as 100 million
35、children suffer from vitamin A deficiency, a leading cause of blindness.How can biotech help? Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice that is fortified with beta-carotene-which the body converts into vitamin A and additional iron, and they are working on other kinds of nutritionall
36、y improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attributable to pests, drought, poor soil and crop viruses, bacteria or fungi.（分数：15.00）(1).Whats the passage mainly about? A. The worlds food problems. B. The new advancement in
37、biotech. C. The characteristics of genetically modified foods. D. How biotech can help solve the worlds food problems.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, genetically modified foods _. A. are superior to naturally grown foods B. might prove to be risky to human health C. are going to repla
38、ce naturally grown foods D. can solve the food problems in developing countries（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The sentence “The genetic genie is out of the bottle.“ in Para. 2 probably means _. A. the genetic genie, the key technology in producing genetically modified foods, is out in the market B. the geneti
39、c technology has come out of laboratories into markets C. genetically modified foods are available everywhere D. technology with which to produce genetically modified foods may have powers unpredictable or uncontrollable by man（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, biotech can help solve the
40、 problem by _. A. producing foods that contain more nutrients needed by human beings B. creating more varieties of foods C. producing beta-carotene and vitamin A more efficiently D. producing anti-virus crops（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors attitude toward genetically modified foods is _. A. enthusi
41、astic B. cautious C. disapproving D. optimistic（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Function of AdvertsMost people would protably agree that many individual consumer adverts function on the level of the daydream. By picturing quite unusually happy and glamorous people whose success in either
42、 career or sexual terms, or both, is obvious, adverts construct an imaginary world in which the reader is able to make come true those desires which remain unsatisfied in his or her everyday life.An advert for a science fiction magazine is unusually explicit about this. In addition to the primary us
43、e value of the magazine, the reader is promised access to a wonderful universe through the product-access to other mysterious and tantalizing worlds and epochs, the realms of the imagination. When studying advertising, it is therefore unreasonable to expect readers to decipher adverts as factual sta
44、tements about reality. Most adverts are just too meager in informative content and too rich in emotional suggestive detail to be read literally. If people read them literally, they would soon be forced to realize their error when the glamorous promises held out by the adverts didnt materialize.The a
45、verage consumer is not surprised that his purchase of the commodity does not redeem the promise of the advertisement, for this is what he is used to in life: the individuals pursuit of happiness and success is usually in vain. But the fantasy is his to keep; in his dream world he enjoys a “future en
46、dlessly deferred“.The Estivalia advert company is quite explicit about the fact that advertising shows us not reality, but a fantasy; it does so by openly admitting the daydream but in a way which insists on the existence of a bridge linking daydream to reality-Estivalia, which is “for daydream beli
47、evers“, those who refuse to give up trying to make the hazy ideal of natural beauty and harmony come true.If adverts function on the daydream level, it clearly becomes inadequate to merely condemn advertising for channeling readers attention and desires towards unrealistic, paradisiacal (天堂似的) nowhe
48、re land. Advertising certainly does that, but in order for people to find it relevant, the Utopia (乌托邦) visualized in adverts must be linked to our surrounding reality by a causal connection.（分数：15.00）(1).The people in adverts are in most cases _. A. glamorous B. arrogant C. obvious D. sexy（分数：3.00）A.
