1、职称英语理工类 A 级-54 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.She exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb.A. played B. sent C. showed D. told（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The eternal motion of the stars fascinated him.A. long B. never-ending C. boring D. extensive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.She
2、 answered the difficult question, which was an immense load off her heart.A. natural B. fatal C. tiny D. enormous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The book made a great impact on its readers.A. force B. influence C. surprise D. power（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Accompanied by cheerful music, we began to dance.A. pleasant B.
3、 colorful C. fashionable D. different（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.He was not eligible for the examination because he was over age.A. competitive B. diligent C. qualified D. competent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Her novel depicts an ambitious Chinese.A. writes B. sketches C. describes D. indicates（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Dont
4、 irritate her. Shes on a short fuse today.A. tease B. attract C. annoy D. protect（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.It is absurd to go out in such terrible weather.A. ridiculous B. funny C. odd D. interesting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.I notified him that my address had changed.A. informed B. observed C. mocked D. misled（分
5、数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The manager allocates duties to the clerks.A. assign B. persuade C. ask D. order（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The once barren hillsides are now good farmland.A. hairless B. bare C. empty D. bald（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.It is postulated that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year
6、2020.A. challenged B. assumed C. deducted D. decreed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.We must abide by the rules.A. stick to B. persist in C. safeguard D. apply（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.From my standpoint, you know, this thing is just funny.A. position B. point of view C. knowledge D. opinion（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅
7、读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Image Martian Dust ParticlesNASAs Phoenix Mars Lander has taken its first ever picture of a single particle of rusty Martian dust with one of its microscopes. The dust particles of dust were shown at a higher magnification than anything outside of Earth that has been imaged before.
8、 The rounded particle measured only about one micrometer, or one millionth of a meter, across.“Taking this image required the highest resolution microscope operated off Earth and a specially designed device to hold the Martian dust,“ said Tom Pike, a Phoenix science team member from Imperial College
9、 London. “We always knew it was going to be technically very challenging to image particles this small.“The device that imaged the dust speck is called an atomic force microscope, which maps the shape of particles in three dimensions by scanning them with a sharp tip at the end of a spring. The atom
10、ic force microscope can detail the shapes of particles as small as about 100 nanometers. And this wont be the last dust particle that Phoenix will image. “After this first success, were now working on building up a portrait gallery of the dust on Mars,“ Pike said.Dust exists everywhere on Mars, coat
11、ing the surface and giving it its rusty red color. Dust particles also color the Martian sky pink and feed storms that regularly envelope the planet. The ultrafine dust is the medium that actively links gases in the Martian atmosphere to processes in Martian soil, so it is critically important to un
12、derstanding Mars environment, the researchers said.The $ 420-million Phoenix mission is analyzing the dust and subsurface ice layers of Mars arctic regions to look for signs of potential past habitability. The particle seen in the atomic force microscope image was part of a sample scooped by the rob
13、otic arm from the “Snow White“ trench and delivered to Phoenixs microscope station in early July.（分数：7.00）(1).The dust particle on Mars is the smallest particle that has been imaged outside of Earth.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).Using the same technology, we have also measured
14、 the size of particles on the moon and Jupiter.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).Scientists use the highest resolution microscope to watch and record the image of Martian particles on Earth.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).Tom Pike said that they used to think
15、it was no easy job to image such small particles.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).An electronic device has been developed to measure the weight of certain Martian particles.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).After collecting the last Martian dust particle, the s
16、cientists have started to build up a portrait gallery of it.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).The Phoenixs robotic arm collected the Martian dust particles for analysis on Mars.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Adult Education1. Volu
17、ntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult education. Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpret their experience as adults. Adults may want to study something which they missed in earlier schooling, get new skills or job training, find ou
18、t about new technological developments, seek better self-understanding, or develop new talents and skills.2. This kind of education may be in the form of self-study with proper guidance through the use of libraries, correspondence courses, or broadcasting. It may also be acquired collectively in sch
19、ools and colleges, study groups, workshops, clubs, and professional associations.3. Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Great economic and social changes were taking place: people were moving from rural
20、 areas to cities, new types of work were being created in an expanding factory system. These and other factors produced a need for further education and re-education of adults.4. The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s, with the founding of an adult sch
21、ool in Nottingham and a mechanics institute in Glasgow. The earliest adult education institution in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin and some friends in Philadelphia in 1727.5. People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of employment today. For example, pa
22、rts of the adult population in many countries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work or even to learn completely new jobs. Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs.（分数：8.00）(1).A. Necessity for Developing Adult EducationB. Early Days o
23、f Adult EducationC. Ways of Receiving Adult EducationD. Growth of Adult EducationE. Institutions of Adult EducationF. Definition of Adult EducationParagraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. by social and econ
24、omic changesB. guided self-study and correspondence coursesC. by studying together with childrenD. what they did not manage to learn earlierE. dates back to the eighteenth centuryF. mass productionSome adults want to learn _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).There are various forms of adult education, including _
25、.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Adult education has been made necessary _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).The earliest organized adult education _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Sleep Lets Brain File MemoriesTo sleep. Perchance to file? Findings published online this week by the “Proceedi
26、ngs of the National Academy of Sciences“ further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzzs.Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically,
27、they examined the electrical activity emanating from the somatosensory neocortex (an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus, which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined. So-called
28、 sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex) were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples. The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation. A second study, also published online this week by t
29、he “Proceedings of the National Academy“ of Sciences“, links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels.Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased memory problems. In the new work, Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collab
30、orators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels, which tend to increase with age, affect memory in healthy people as well. The scientists administered recall tests, brain scans and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the bl
31、ood by the bodys tissues. Subjects with the poorest memory recollection, the team discovered, also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance. In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar.“Our study suggests that this impairme
32、nt may contribute to the memory deficits that occur as people age.“ Convit says. “And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition.“ Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check, so there may be one
33、 more reason to go to the gym.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements is nearest in meaning to the sentence “To sleep. Perchance to file?“?A. Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep?B. Does brain have memories when one is sleeping?C. Does brain remember flies after one falls
34、 asleep?D. Does brain work on files in sleep?（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is the result of the experiment with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers University?A. The electrical activity is emanating from the somatosensory neocortex.B. Oscillations in brain waves are from hippocampus.C. Somatosensory ne
35、ocortex and hippocampus work together in memory consolidation.D. Somatosensory neocortex plays it primary role in memory consolidation.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is the relation of memory to glucose tolerance, as is indicated by a research mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. People with poor memory have high
36、 glucose tolerance.B. People with good memory have low glucose tolerance.C. Memory level has nothing to do with glucose tolerance.D. The poorer the memory, the poorer glucose tolerance.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In what way is memory related to hippocampus shrinkage?A. There is no relation between memory
37、and hippocampus shrinkage.B. The more hippocampus shrinks, the poorer ones memory.C. The more hippocampus shrinks, the better ones memory.D. The less hippocampus shrinks, the poorer ones memory.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the last paragraph, what is the ultimate reason for going to the gym?A.
38、To prevent hippocampus shrinkage.B. To control weight.C. To exercise.D. To control glucose levels.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Driven to DistractionJoe Coyne slides into the drivers seat, starts up the car and heads to town. The empty stretch of interstate gives way to urban congestion, and
39、 Coyne hits the brakes as a pedestrian suddenly crosses the street in front of him.But even if he hadnt stopped in time, the woman would have been safe. She isnt real. Neither is the town. And Coyne isnt really driving. Coyne is demonstrating a computerized driving simulator that is helping research
40、ers at Old Dominion University (ODU) examine how in vehicle guidance systems affect the person behind the wheel.The researchers want to know if such systems, which give audible or written directions, are too distractingor whether any distractions are offset by the benefits drivers get from having he
41、lp finding their way in unfamiliar locations.“We are looking at the performance and mental workload of drivers,“ said Caryl Baldwin, the assistant psychology professor leading the research, which involves measuring drivers reaction time and brain activity as they respond to auditory and visual cues.
42、The researchers just completed a study of the mental workload involved in driving through different kinds of environments and heavy, light traffic. Preliminary results show that as people “get into more challenging driving situations, they dont have any extra mental energy to respond to something el
43、se in the environment,“ Baldwin said.But the tradeoffs could be worth it, she said. The next step is to test different ways of giving drivers navigational information and how those methods change the drivers mental workload.“Is it best if they see a picture. that shows their position, a map kind of
44、display?“ Baldwin said. “Is it best if they hear it?“Navigational systems now on the market give point by point directions that follow a prescribed route. “Theyre very unforgiving,“ Baldwin said. “If you miss a turn, they can almost seem to get angry.“That style of directions also can be frustrating
45、 for people who prefer more general instructions. But such broad directions can confuse drivers who prefer route directions. Baldwin said.Perhaps manufacturers should allow drivers to choose the style of directions they want, or modify systems to present some information in a way that makes sense fo
46、r people who prefer the survey style, she said.Interestingly, other research has shown that about 60 percent of men prefer the survey style, while 60 percent women prefer the route style, Baldwin said. This explains the classic little thing of why men dont like to stop and ask for directions and wom
47、en do, Baldwin added.（分数：15.00）(1).Which statement is TRUE of the description in the first two paragraphs?A. If Coyne had stopped the car in time, he wouldnt have hit the woman.B. The woman would have been knocked over, if Coyne had followed the traffic regulations.C. Coyne is not really driving so
48、it is impossible for him to have hit the woman.D. If the woman had not crossed the street suddenly, Coyne would not have hit her.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What do researchers want to find out, according to the third and fourth paragraphs?A. Whether or not audible or written directions are distracting.B.
49、How long it will take the driver to respond to auditory and visual stimuli.C. How the driver perform under certain mental workload.D. All of the above.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What are the preliminary results given in the fifth paragraph?A. Drivers are afraid of getting into challenging driving situations.B. In challenging driving situations, drivers still have extra energy to handle other things.C.
