1、职称英语理工类 A级-51 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress.A. despair B. difficulties C. need D. danger（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Its all advisable idea to get out of the dispute.A. wise B. urgent C. useless D. proper（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The
2、re was no alternative but to close the road.A. way B. means C. choice D. reason（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.He seems bizarre these days.A. unusual B. absent-minded C. crazy D. lunatic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Were happy to collaborate with you in the project.A. compete B. cooperate C. coordinate D. contend（分数：1.00）A
3、.B.C.D.6.This text is too difficult to comprehend.A. understand B. digest C. summarize D. read（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The room is small but cozy.A. cold B. splendid C. comfortable D. gorgeous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The leaders corruption undermined the image of the company.A. establish B. damage C. strengthen
4、 D. consolidate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The novel depicts the history of the nation.A. narrates B. illustrates C. describes D. exemplify（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Civil rights are embodied in the platform.A. included B. excluded C. expressed D. emerged（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.She likes to visit exotic islands.A. dist
5、ant B. interesting C. remote D. backwards（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The food we have is inadequate.A. too much B. too many C. not enough D. not short（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Many people in the region have died from the epidemic disease.A. infectious B. inferior C. infinite D. inevitable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.She i
6、s incapable of doing the demanding job.A. qualified of B. incompetent with C. good at D. ignorant of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Its just a petty mistake.A. major B. important C. serious D. minor（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Computer MouseThe basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever inventio
7、n with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive. Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting (涂), drawing, and even scrolling on the page with the newer mice with the wheel. Most of us use t
8、he computer mouse daily without stopping to think how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it. We learn to point at things before we learn to speak, so the mouse is a very natural pointing device. Other computer pointing devices include light pens, graphics (图形) tablets and
9、 touch screens, but the mouse is still our workhorse.The computer mouse was invented in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University. As computer screens became more popular and arrow keys were used to move around a body of text, it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion
10、through the text and even selection of text would be very useful. The introduction of the mouse, with the Apple Lisa computer in 1983, really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine (常规) computer tasks.How does the mouse work? We have to start at the bottom, so th
11、ink upside down for now. It all starts with the mouse ball. As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad, it presses against and turns two shafts (轴). The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them. The wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitti
12、ng devices called light-emitting diodes (LED) mounted on either side. One LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side. As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by, the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side. But a moment later the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in pl
13、ace. The LED detects (发现) a changing pattern of light, converts the pattern into an electronic signal, and sends the signal (发信号) to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out the mouse body. This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name. The computer interprets the signal to te
14、ll it where to position the cursor on the computer screen.So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used. One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up dirt. Eventually you have to clean y
15、our mouse. The newer optical mice avoid this problem by having no moving parts.（分数：7.00）(1).Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).According to the author, general computer users need not to know how the computer mouse was i
16、nvented.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).The computer mouse derives its name from the cable that goes out its body, which looks like the tail of a mouse.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs.A. Right B. Wrong
17、C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).When an ordinary computer mouse gets dirty, it has to be replaced with a new one.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).The most durable computer mice on sale are the IBM ones.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).The optical mouse is s
18、uperior to the basic one in that the former has no moving parts.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)More Rural Research Is Needed1. Agricultural research funding is vital if the world is to feed itself better than it does now. Dr. Tony Fischer, crop scien
19、tist, said demand was growing at 2.5% per year, but with modern technologies and the development of new ones, the world should be able to stay ahead.2. “The global decline in investment in international agricultural research must be reversed if significant progress is to be made towards reducing mal
20、nutrition and poverty,“ he said.3. Research is needed to solve food production, land degradation and environmental problems. Secure local food supplies led to economic growth which, in turn, slowed population growth. Dr. Fischer painted a picture of the worlds ability to feed itself in the first 25
21、years, when the worlds population is expected to rise from 5.8 to 8 billion people. He said that things will probably hold or improve but therell still be a lot of hungry people. The biggest concentration of poor and hungry people would be in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia in 2020, similar to
22、the current pattern. If there is any change, a slight improvement will be seen in southern Asia, but not in sub-Saharan Africa. The major improvement will be in east Asia, South America and South-East Asia.4. The developing world was investing about 0.5%, or $8 billion a year, of its agricultural gr
23、oss domestic product (GDP) on research, and the developed world was spending 2.5% of its GDP. Dr. Fischer said more was needed from all countries.5. He said crop research could produce technologies that spread across many countries, such as wheat production research having spin-offs for Mexico, Chin
24、a or India.6. “Technologies still need to be refined for the local conditions but a lot of the strategic research can have global application, so that money can be used very efficiently,“ Dr. Fischer said.7. Yields of rice, wheat and maize have grown impressively in the past 30 years, especially in
25、developing countries. For example, maize production rose from 2-8 tonnes per hectare between 1950 and 1995. But technologies driving this growth, such as high-yield varieties, fertilizers, and irrigation, were becoming exhausted. “If you want to save the land for non-agricultural activities, for for
26、ests and wildlife, youre going to have to increase yield,“ Dr. Fischer said.（分数：8.00）(1).A. The Same or Improved Food Supply Situation in 2020B. Research Focus on Increased YieldC. More Research Funding NeededD. Local Situations AnalyzedE. Increase in Investment on Agricultural ResearchF. Sustained
27、Development of Modern TechnologiesParagraph 1 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 7 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. if we can drive yield upB. when Mexico, China and India join in the projectC. if we want to fight againest malnutrition and poverty
28、D. when we use modern technologies and develop new onesE. when the developed world help the developing worldF. when strategic research can be utilized worldwideDr. Fischer claims that agriculture will continue to develop（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Land can be saved for other purposes（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The
29、investment can he regarded as efficient（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).The global decrease in investment should be changed（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive WasteThe withdrawal of Nevadas Yucca Mountain as a potent
30、ial nuclear waste repository has reopened the debate over how and where to dispose of spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste. In an article in the July 10 issue of Science, University of Michigan geologist Rodney Ewing and Princeton University nuclear physicist Frank von Hippel argue that,
31、although federal agencies should set standards and issue licenses for the approval of nuclear facilities, local communities and states should have the final approval on the siting of these facilities. The authors propose the development of multiple sites that would service the regions where nuclear
32、reactors are located.“The main goal., should be to provide the United States with multiple process that requires acceptance by host communities and states,“ the authors write.Ewing and von Hippel also analyze the reasons why Yucca Mountain, selected by Congress in 1987 as the only site to be investi
33、gated for long-term nuclear waste disposal, finally was shelved after more than three decades o often controversial debate. The reasons include the sites geological problems, management problems, important changes in the Environmental Protection Agencys standard, unreliable funding and the failure t
34、o involve local communities in the decision-making process.Going forward, efforts should be directed at locating storage facilities in the nations northeastern, southeastern, midwestern and western regions, and states within a given region should be responsible for developing solutions that suit the
35、ir particular circumstances. Transportation of nuclear waste over long distances, which was a concern with the Yucca Mountain site, would be less of a problem because temporary storage or geological disposal sites could be located closer to reactors.“This regional approach would be similar to the cu
36、rrent approach in Europe, where spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste from about 150 reactors and reprocessing plants is to be moved to a number of geological repositories in a variety of rock types,“ said Rodney Ewing, who has written extensively about the impact of nuclear waste manageme
37、nt on the environment and who has analyzed safety assessment criteria for the controversial Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following words can best substitute the word “withdrawal“ in the first paragraph?A. Retirement. B. Canceling. C. Replaced. D. Disposal.（分数：3.
38、00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to Rodney Ewing and Frand von Hippel, where to locate nuclear facilities _.A. should be approved by the federal governmentB. should be approved by local people and statesC. should be approved by CongressD. is not an important issue（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is NOT true about
39、the 1987 decision by Congress concerning siting of nuclear waste disposal?A. Yucca Mountain was selected as the only site for a nuclear waste repository.B. The selection of Yucca Mountain for nuclear waste disposal caused much controversy.C. The decision by Congress was put aside due to a number of
40、problems.D. The decision by Congress was accepted by local communities.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does the author of the essay in the fourth paragraph want to say?A. Efforts should be made to solve the problems of transportation of nuclear waste over long distance.B. Efforts should be made to develop
41、 as many nuclear disposal sites in the US as possible.C. Efforts should be made to develop nuclear disposal sites to suit the circumstances of the region.D. Efforts should be made to build up temporary nuclear disposal sites as possible.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is meant by +regional approach“ as me
42、ntioned in the last paragraph?A. Waste disposal sites are located close to reactors and in places suitable for the regional circumstances.B. Geological repositories are located in a variety of rock types.C. Spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste is moved to developing countries.D. Waste dis
43、posal sites are located far away from reactors.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Teaching Math, Teaching AnxietyIn a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school, the psychologists at the University of Chicagol Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship between
44、 what female teachers think and what female students learn: If a female teacher is uncomfortable with her own math skills, then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math.“If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers in later grades, it may cre
45、ate a snowball effect on their math achievement,“ said Levine. In other words, girls may end up learning math anxiety from their teachers. The study suggests that if these girls grow up believing that boys are better at math than girls are, then these girls may not do as well as they would have if t
46、hey were more confident.Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult, teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learnand teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for everyone. Researchers use the word “anxiety“ to describe such feelings: anxiety is uneasiness or
47、 worry.The new study found that when a teacher has anxiety about math, that feeling can influence how her female students feel about math. The study involved 65 girls, 52 boys and 17 first-and second-grade teachers in elementary schools in the Midwest. The students took math achievement tests at the
48、 beginning and end of the school year, and the researchers compared the scores.The researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. Then the researchers turned to the teachers: To find out which teachers were anxious about math, th
49、e researchers asked the teachers how they felt at times when they came across math, such as when reading a sales receipt. A teacher who got nervous looking at the numbers on a sales receipt, for example, was probably anxious about math.Boys, on average, were unaffected by a teachers anxiety. On average, girls with math- anxious teachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls in the study did. Plu
