1、职称英语理工类 A 级-46 及答案解析(总分：110.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.14 In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.A. result B. judgmentC. decision D. event（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Thomas Fuller was so skilled at mathematics that he was known in the eighteenth century as the “Virginia Calcu
2、lator. “A. fascinated by B. articulate aboutC. proficient in D. suspicious of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Louis was asked to name the man who stole her purse.A. confirm B. recognizeC. claim D. identify（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughlyA. spreadB. mixedC. beatenD. c
3、overed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Extremely refined behavior, however, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women as the social equals of man.A. possible B. typical C. interesting D. morally good（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.A great d
4、eal has been done to better the situationA. change B. improve C. assess D. harm（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The loss of her cat was the greatest grief the child had known.A. trial B. tragedy C. misconduct D. sorrow（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Scott seized the opportunity to present his proposal to the director.A. reali
5、zed B. grasped C. rendered D. delivered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.It is normal for a teacher to get angry with the student who repeats the same mistake.A. useless B. rare C. senseless D. usual（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.He has established himself to be a competent manager by his successfully handling several diffic
6、ult tasks.A. definite B. effective C. qualified D. deficient（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.He finally decided to reject this proposal.A. support B. accept C. oppose D. receive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.It is highly unlikely that she will arrive today.A. probably B. veryC. hardly D. possibly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The hig
7、h-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.A. force B. influenceC. surprise D. power（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly.A. spread B. mixedC. beaten D. covered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Please let me know if any problems arise.A. become B. occur
8、 C. raise D. arouse（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：2，分数：13.00)ComputersBefore the widespread use of computers, managers could not make full use of large amounts of valuable information about a companys activities. The information either reached managers too late or was too expensive to be used. T
9、oday, managers are facing a wide range of data processing and information instruments. In place of a few financial controls, managers can draw on computer-based information systems to control activities in every area of their company. On any kinds of performance measures, the information provided by
10、 these systems helps managers compare standards with actual results, find out problems, and take corrective action before it is too late to make changes.The introduction of computerized information systems has sharply changed management control in many companies. Even a neighborhood shopkeeper may n
11、ow use computers to control sales, billing, and other activities. In large companies, electronic data processing systems monitor entire projects and sets of operations.Now, there are about 24 million microcomputers in use in the United Statesone for every 10 citizens. It is estimated that by 1996, 6
12、1 percent of American managers will be using some sort of electronic work station. In order for managers to be sure that the computer-based information they are receiving is accurate, they need to understand how computers work. However, in most cases they do not need to learn how to program computer
13、s. Rather, managers should understand how computerized information systems work; how they are developed; their limitations and costs; and the manner in which information systems may be used. Such an understanding is not difficult to achieve.One research found that business firms were more successful
14、 in teaching basic information about computers to business graduates than they were in teaching business subjects to computer science graduates.（分数：6.00）(1).Today, conventional financial controls are still exercised in some minor areas such as billing and vocational training.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not
15、 mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).It is unnecessary for a neighborhood baker to use a computer in his shop.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).At present about 10% of American citizens possess a microcomputer.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).One thing that managers do
16、 not have to understand is how computers work.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).In some cases managers have to learn how to write programs so as to work out computerized information systems that suit their own companies best.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).Com
17、puterized firms would rather employ business graduates than computer science graduates because it is easier to train the former into qualified employees.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.The Need to RememberSome people say they have no memory at all: “I just cant remember a thing!“ Bu
18、t of course we all have a memory. Our memory tells us who we are. Our memory helps us to make use In the present of what we have learnt in the past.in fact we have different types of memory. For example, our visual memory helps us recall facts and places. Some people have such a strong visual memory
19、, they can remember exactly what they have seen, for example, pages of a book, as a complete picture.Our verbal (言语的) memory helps us remember words and figures we may have heard but not seen or written: items of a shopping list, a chemical formula, dates, or a recipe.With our emotional (情感的) memory
20、, we recall situations or places where we had strong feelings, perhaps of happiness or unhappiness. We also have special memories for smell, taste, touch and sound, and for performing physical movements.We have two ways of storing any of these memories. Our short-term memory stores items for up to t
21、hirty seconds enough to remember a telephone number while we dial. Our long-term memory, on the other hand, may store items for a lifetime. Older people in fact have a much better long-term memory than short-term. They may forget what they have done only a few hours ago, but have the clearest rememb
22、rance (记忆) of when they were very young.Psychologists tell us that we only remember a few facts about our past, and that we invent the rest. It is as though we remember only the outline of a story. We then make up the details. We often do this in the way we want to remember them, usually so that we
23、appear as the heroes of our own past or maybe victims needing sympathy (同情).（分数：7.00）(1).Visual memory helps us recall a place we have been to.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).Visual memory may be used when we read a story.A. Right B. Wrong C. Net mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).Verb
24、al memory helps us read words we have never heard.A. Right B. Wrong C. Net mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).Emotional memory is used when we perform physical movements.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).Animals de not have a long-term memory.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.
25、B.C.(6).Long-term memory is more important than short-term memory.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Generally we remember only a few facts about the past.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：12.00)A. an opening ceremonyB. 61 countriesC. a wr
26、eath laying ceremonyD. the 60th anniversary of its victory over Nazi GermanyE. the road of peace and developmentF. 55 million people of their lives（分数：4.00）(1).Russia celebrated _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).World War Two deprived _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).China pledges herself to follow _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).T
27、he world leaders finally attended _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_The Science of Sport1 At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, the Chinese athlete Liu Xiang equaled the world record for the 110 metres hurdles (跨栏) when he ran the race in 12.91 seconds. This record time had been set in 1993 by British sprinter (短跑运动
28、员) Colin Jackson and 9 years went by before another athlete was able to run as fast.2 Record-breaking in all track events is slowing down and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance. Nevertheless, every four years, records which were previously thought to be unbeatable
29、are broken. So whats behind this never-ending improvement in performance? And how long can we keep breaking records? Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds?3 Most experts agree that it isnt the athletes bodies which have changed but the huge advances in sport
30、 science which have enabled them to improve their performances. The individual athlete obviously has to have the necessary skill and determination to succeed, but the help of science and technology can be significant. Research has brought a better understanding of the athletes body and mind but the
31、advances in sports equipment technology have also had an important impact on human performance.4 Scientists have shown that an athletes bodys needs vary according to the type of sport. This research has helped top sports people to adapt their training programme and diet better to their particular ne
32、eds. Running the marathon and cycling, for example, are endurance (耐力) sports and require a different parathion (硝苯硫磷脂) to that of a 100-metre sprinter. In some sports, changes in techniques have significantly improved performance.5 But in any sport, a players success or failure results from a combi
33、nation of both physical and mental abilities. Most coaches use psychological techniques to help their athletes cope with stress and concentrate on their performance. For example, the English football team listens to music in the changing rooms before a game to help the players relax and not feel so
34、nervous. Before a difficult match, tennis players are encouraged to use visualization (想象) techniques to build confidence and this is almost as good as practice.6 But as science begins to dominate sport, are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition, the sporting challenge? Whats
35、more, are all these advantages fair?（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _.A Different sports require different training programs.B Science may be too important today.C Sports equipment has been improved a lot.D Athletes are still breaking records.E Sport science helps improve athletes performances.F Mental tra
36、ining is as important as physical training.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).It is more difficult for todays athletesA to avoid psychological techniquesB to break recordsC to better understand the athletes body a
37、nd mindD to time and spaceE to be replacing the sporting challengeF to human performance（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).We dont know if there is a limit（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Research has helped coaches（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Scientific advances are suspected（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：1
38、5.00)Electric BackpackBackpacks (背包) are convenient. They can hold your books, your lunch, and a change of clothes, leaving your hands free to do other things. Someday, if you dont mind carrying a heavy load, your backpacks might also power your MP3 player, keep your cell phone running, and maybe ev
39、en light your way home.Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Mass. , have invented a backpack that makes electricity from energy produced while its wearer walks. In military actions, search-and-resc
40、ue operations, and scientific field studies, people rely increasingly on cell phones, global positioning system (GPS) receivers, night-vision (夜视镜) goggles (护目镜), another battery powered devices to get around and do their work. The backpacks electricity-generating feature could dramatically reduce t
41、he amount o a wearers load now devoted to spare batteries (备用电池), report Rome and his colleagues in the Sept. 9 Science .The backpacks electricity-creating powers depend on springs used to hang a cloth pack from its metal frame. The frame sits against the wearers back, and the whole pack moves up an
42、d clown as the person walks. Agear mechanism converts vertical movements o the pack to rotary motions of an electrical generator, producing up to 7.4 watts.Unexpectedly, tests showed that wearers of the new backpack alter their gaits in response to the packs oscillations, so that they carry loads mo
43、re comfortably and with less effort than they do ordinary backpacks. Because of that surprising advantage, Rome plans to commercialize both electric and non-electric versions of the backpack.The backpack could be especially useful for soldiers, scientists, mountaineers, and emergency workers who typ
44、ically carry heavy backpacks. For the rest of us,power-generating backpacks could make it possible to walk, play video games, watch TV, and listen to music, all at the sametime. Electricity-generating packs arent on the market yet, but if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways b
45、efore crossing thestreet !（分数：15.00）(1).Backpacks are convenient becauseA. they can be very large.B. they can hold as many things as you want to carry.C. your handsare freed to do other things.D. you do not have to carry things with you.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is the most important feature of the
46、backpack invented by Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues?A. It produces electricity for electronic devices while the wearer walks.B. It can be used as cell phones, GPS in the military actions or field studies.C. It is small and convenient.D. It is light and easy to carry.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The wor
47、d “springs“ in Paragraph 3 meansA. a small stream of water flowing naturally from the earth.B. the season of the year, occurring between winter and summer.C. the act or an instance of jumping or leaping.D. a length of metal wound around, which returns to its original shape after being pushed.（分数：3.0
48、0）A.B.C.D.(4).According to Paragraph 4, what does Rome plan to do?A. To make the backpack more comfortable for the wearer.B. To put the backpack on the market.C. To test the advantage of the backpack.D. To promote the backpack in a newspaper or on television.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is implied in “
49、if you do get one eventually, just make sure to took both ways before crossing the street!“?A. You will be too excited to watch the traffic.B. Enjoying electronic devices while walking may invite traffic accidents.C. It is not possible for you to get such a backpack.D. It is wise of you to have such a backpack.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二
