1、职称英语理工类 A 级-43 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress.A. despair B. difficultiesC. need D. danger（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would break away from the Union.A. strange B. certain
2、C. inconsistent D. proper（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.He began his talk by giving a concise definition of post-modernism.A. long and detailed B. short and clearC. comprehensive D. professional（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The room was furnished with the simplest essentials, a bed, a chair, and a table.A. supplied B. gat
3、hered C. grasped D. made（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.There is no risk to public health.A. point B. dangerC. chanceD. hope（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Before herbs were available in supermarkets year-round, herb vinegar was made in the fall.A. obtainable B. affordableC. reasonable D. disposable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Have yo
4、u talked to her lately?A. lastly B. finallyC. shortly D. recently（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular.A. general B. traditional C. magnificent D. strong（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The policemen acted quickly because lives were at stakeAin danger Bin diffculty Cin desp
5、air Dout of control（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.We have to act within the existing legal framework.A. limit B. procedure C. status D. system（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.A. play B. showC. send D. tell（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.She was grateful to him for being so
6、 good to her.A. helpful B. hateful C. delightful D. thankful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The substance can be added to gasoline to accelerate the speed of automobiles.A. quicken B. shorten C. loosen D. enlarge（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.There is always excitement at the olympic Games when an athlete breaks a record.
7、A. beats B. maintains C. matches D. tries（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Academic records cannot be duplicated.A. borrowed B. purchased C. copied D. rewritten（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Threat to KiribatiThe people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their cou
8、ntry will disappear from the face of the earth - literally, Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide. These tides, which swept across the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. “This never happened before,“ say the old
9、er citizens of Kiribati.What is causing these mysterious high tides? The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like oil and coal are being burned, pollutants (污染物) are released; these pollutants trap heat in the earths atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create mor
10、e water by melting glaciers (冰川) and polar (极地的) ice caps.If the trend continues, scientists say, many countries will suffer. Bangladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth of its land. The coral (珊瑚) island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, however, would face an even w
11、orse fate - they would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these coral islands would be everyones loss. Coral formations are home to more species than any other place on earth.The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threaten
12、ing their existence. They dont have the money for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they have no control over the pollutants, which are being released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps t
13、o reduce pollution.（分数：7.00）(1).The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden high tide.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).High tides used to attack Kiribati when there was strong wind or heavy rain.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00
14、）A.B.C.(3).The heat released by burning oil and coal is the direct cause of global warming.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).Scientists are not sure how serious the effects of global warming will be.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).The coral island nations of t
15、he Pacific have a long history of civilization.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).The people of the coral island nations are unable to do anything substantial about the problem of global warming.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Some industrialized countries are
16、unwilling to spend money in reducing pollution.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)A the nucleus of a cellB cloned human beingsC a human being in two yearsD a law to ban human cloningE a report on human cloningF heavy media coverage（分数：4.00）(1).Richard S
17、eed claimed to be able to clone_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Richard Seeds announcement received_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The United States will introduce_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Within ten years scientists will probably have_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. Atmospheric ScientistsB. The Calculations Made at the Berlin Workshop
18、C. The Previous Calculations of the Effect of AerosolsD. The Scientists AgreementE. The Authoritative ConclusionF. Greenhouse Gases（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
19、五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Radiation EffectSpace is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星)but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth light, gets through, and this is essential for plants to make the food that we eat. Hea
20、t, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation, but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecrafts, if
21、 they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called “rem“ (“雷姆”). Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged, the figure of 60 reins
22、has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage-a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged ,and this will not be discovered until the birth of deformed(畸形的)children or even grandchildren. Missions of the
23、 Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and, during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew accumulated a larger amount of reins. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men
24、are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage clone by radiation ,but no really effective ones have been found so far.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, the atmosphere
25、 is essential to man in that_。A. it protects him against the harmful rays from spaceB. it provides sufficient light for plant growthC. it supplies the heat necessary for human survivalD. it screens off the falling meteors（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).We know from the passage that_.A. exposure to even tiny am
26、ounts of radiation is fatalB. the effect of exposure to radiation is slow in comingC. radiation is avoidable in space explorationD. astronauts in spacesuits neednt worry about radiation damage（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The harm radiation has done to the Apollo crew members_.A. is insignificantB. seems ove
27、restimatedC. is enormousD. remains unknown（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that_.A. the Apollo mission was very successfulB. protection from space radiation is no easy jobC. astronauts will have deformed children or grandchildrenD. radiation is not a threat to well-protected
28、space explorers（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The best title for this passage would be_.A. The Atmosphere and Our EnvironmentB. Research on RadiationC. Effects of Space RadiationD. Importance of Protection Against Radiation（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Snow RangerThe two things, snow and mountains, wh
29、ich are needed for a ski area are the two things that cause avalanches, large mass of snow and ice crushing down the side of a mountain, often called “White Death.“It was the threat of the avalanche and its record as a killer of man in the western mountains that created the snow ranger. He first sta
30、rted on avalanche control work in the winter of 1937, 38 at Alta, Utah, in Wasatch National Forest.This mountain valley was becoming well known to skiers. It was dangerous. In fact, more than 120 persons had lost their lives in 1936 and another 200 died in 1937 as a result of avalanches before it be
31、came a major ski area.Thus, development of Alta and other major ski resorts in the west was dependent upon controlling the avalanche. The Forest Service set out to do it, and did with its corps of snow rangers.It takes many things to make a snow ranger. The snow ranger must be in excellent physical
32、condition. He must be a good skier and a skilled mountain climber. He should have at least a high school education, and the more college courses in geology, physics, and related fields he has, the better.He studies snow, terrain, wind, and weather. He learns the conditions that produce avalanches. H
33、e learns to forecast avalanches and to bring them roaring on down the mountainsides to reduce their killing strength. The snow ranger learns to do this by using artillery, by blasting with TNT, and by the difficult and skillful art of skiing avalanches down.The snow ranger, dressed in a green parka
34、which has a bright yellow shoulder patch, means safety for people on ski slopes. He pulls the trigger on a 75 mm. Recoilless rifle, skis waist deep in powder testing snow stability, or talks with the ski areas operator as he goes about his work to protect the public from the hazards of deep snow on
35、steep mountain slopes.（分数：15.00）(1).The snow rangers are employees of_.A. the Forest Service.B. the Resource Bureau.C. the Tourist Board.D. the Sports Bureau.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A snow ranger himself must be_.A. a college graduate.B. a physicist.C. a geologist.D. a mountaineer.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).
36、A snow ranger uses very powerful guns_.A. to warn skiers of an approaching avalanche.B. to signal for help in an emergency.C. to create an avalanche.D. to communicate with the ski area operator.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is the primary duty of the snow ranger?A. To make sure ski area operators are fo
37、llowing safety rules.B. To predict and control avalanches in mountainous areas.C. To check skis and repair them.D. To forecast the weather.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The passage implies that a snow ranger_.A. knows how to use a pistol.B. must write lengthy reports on his work.C. may travel many miles when
38、 he is on duty.D. has a long working day.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Finding Enlightenment in ScotlandIn the 1740s, the famous French philosophy Voltaire said “We look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilization.“ Thats not a bad advertisement for any country, especially when it comes to
39、 attracting people in search of a first class education.Yet some people go even further than that. According to the American author Arthur Herman, the Scots invented the modem world itself. He argues that Scottish thinkers and intellectuals worked out many of the most important ideas on which modem
40、life depend everything from the scientific method to market economics. Their ideas did not just spread amongst intellectuals, but to those people in business, government and the sciences who actually shaped the Western world.It all started during the period that historians call the Scottish Enlighte
41、nment, which is usually seen as taking place between the years 1740 and 1800. At this time, Scotland was home to a number of thinkers who made an important shift in the course of Western philosophy. Before that, philosophy was mainly concerned with religion. For the thinkers of the Scottish Enlighte
42、nment, the proper study of humanity was mankind itself.Their reasoning was practical. For the philosopher David Hume, humanity was the right subject for philosophy because we can examine human behavior and so find real evidence of how people think and feel. And from that we can make judgments about
43、the societies we live in and make concrete suggestions about how they can be improved, for universal benefit.Hume was not a scientist himself, but his enquiry into the nature of knowledge laid the foundations for the scientific method the pursuit of truth through experiment. His friend and fellow re
44、sident of Edinburgh, Adam Smith, famously applied the study of mankind to the ways in which mankind does business. Trade, he argued, was a form of information. Money is the way in which people tell each other what they want, and how much people pay is the best way we have of knowing how much somebod
45、y wants something. In pursuing our own interests through trading in markets, we all come to benefit each other.Smiths idea of “enlightened self-interest“ has come to dominate modem views of economics. It also has wider applications. He was one of the first major philosophers to point out that nation
46、s can become rich, free and powerful more efficiently through peace, trade and invention than by means of war and plunder.The original Scottish Enlightenment is thought to have ended with the lives of Smith, Hume and the other thinkers who lived in Scotland at that time. But a wider Scottish Enlight
47、enment can still be seen. It exists in the way that the ideas evolved at that time still underpin our theories. It also exists in Scotland itself in an educational tradition that combines academic excellence with practical orientation.The Institute for System Level Integration (ISLI) is a good examp
48、le. Founded in 1998 by a group of four Scottish universities, ISLI draws on the academic expertise of the university departments of computer science, electronic and electrical engineering and informatics, But though it works at the cutting edge of science, ISLIs ultimate aims are rooted in the needs
49、 of the real world: to produce highly skilled design engineers and researchers to meet the needs of the rapidly changing global semiconductor industry.Though only one amongst many educational institutions in Scotland, ISLIs existence shows that the principles of the Scottish Enlightenment still live on. Its a country thats still inventing, still modernizing, a
