1、职称英语理工类 A 级-42 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.These programmes are of immense value to old people.A. natural B. fatal C. tiny D. enormous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.You must shine your shoes.A. lighten B. clean C. wash D. polish（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.George is very proud of his new st
2、atus in the company.A. statue B. officeC. state D. professional position（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The truth is that he has just been fired.A. situation B. conditionC. error D. fact（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Joe came to the window as the crowd chanted “Joe,Joe,Joe”A. repeatedB. jumpedC. maintainedD. approached（分数：1
3、.00）A.B.C.D.6.With immense relief, I stopped running.A. some B. enormous C. little D. extensive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.As soon as Jennifer asked his name and address the man rang off.A. rang back B. rang upC. hung up D. hung on（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obviousA.
4、hateB. needC. loveD. pity（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.A. damaged B. shaken C. fallen D. jumped（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.As an assistant in a shop, she tries to be courteous at all times, even when she is very tired.A. straightforward B. politeC. flexible D. neat（
5、分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The local government decided to merge the two firms into a big one.A. motivate B. combine C. compact D. nominate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits.Aremoved BcuredCworsened Drelieved（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The committee compris
6、es five persons.A. absorbs B. concems C. excludes D. involves（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The land crab a forest-floor scavenger native to tropical America, migrates to the water to breed.A. die B. swim C. mate D. hatch（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Although originally a German innovation, kindergarten got its real sta
7、rt in the United States as a movement to provide an improved learning environment for children.A. an easy B. a playful C. an open D. a better（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)A Great Quake Coming?Everyone who lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are common in the Bay Area-and the
8、y can be devastatingIn 1906，for example，a major quake destroyed about 28,000 buildings and killed hundreds，perhaps thousands of peopleResidents now wonder when the next“Big One”will strikeIts bound to happen somedayAt least seven active fault(断层)lines run through the San Francisco area Faults are pl
9、aces where pieces of Earths crust(地壳)slide past each otherWhen these pieces slip，the ground shakes To prepare for that day，scientists are using new techniques to reanalyze the 1906 earthquake and predict how bad the damage might be when the next one happens One new finding about the 1906 quake is th
10、at the San Andreas fault split apart faster than scientists had assumed at the timeDuring small earthquakes，faults rupture(断裂)at about 2.7 kilometers per secondDuring bigger quakes，howeverruptures can happen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometers per second At such high speeds，massive amounts of pressu
11、re build up，generating underground waves that can cause more damage than the quake itselfLucky for San Francisco，these pressure pulses(脉冲)traveled away from the city during the 1906 eventAs bad as the damage was，it could have been far worse Looking aheadscientists are trying to predict when the next
12、 major quake will occurRecords show that earthquakes were common before 1906Since then，the area has been relatively quietPatterns in the data，however，suggest that the probability of a major earthquake striking the Bay Area before 2032 is at least 62 percent New buildings in San Francisco are quite s
13、afe in case of future quakesStill，more than 84 percent of the citys buildings are old and weakAnalyses suggest that another massive earthquake would cause extensive damage People who live there today tend to feel safe because San Francisco has remained pretty quiet for a whileAccording to the new re
14、search，howeverits not a matter of“if”the Big One will hitIts just a matter of when（分数：7.00）(1).The San Francisco area is located above several active fault lines ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).The 1906 earthquake in San Francisco is the most severe one in American history ARight BWro
15、ng CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).The highest speed of fault ruptures in the 1906 quake was more than 3.5 kilometers per second ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).Earthquakes rarely happened in San Francisco before 1906 ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).San Francisco is fu
16、lly prepared for another big earthquake ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).Scientists will be able to predict the exact time of an earthquake soonARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).A major earthquake striking San Francisco someday is inevitable ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数
17、：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)A. industrially polluted soilsB. rock and soil chemistryC. naturally polluted soilsD. the pathways of metals into the foodE. the element of iodineF. the persistence of heavy metals（分数：4.00）(1).Some diseases are connected with deficiency of_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1
18、:_(2).It is extremely necessary to study the long-term effects caused by living on_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Geologists are indispensable in the research project on geology and health due to their knowledge on_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Industrially contaminated sites usually require a thorough clean-up due to
19、_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_AGoals BHistory of Womens Rights Movement CStart of Womens Rights Movement DTraditional Status of Women ERights of Women FDevelopment（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理
20、解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Plant GasScientists have been studying natural sources of methane (甲烷，沼气) for decades but hadnt regarded plants as a producer, notes Frank Keppler, a geochemist(地球化学家) at the Max Planek Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany. Now Keppler and his col
21、leagues find that plants, from grasses to trees, may also be sources of the greenhouse gas. This is really surprising, because most scientists assumed that methane production requires an oxygen-free environment.Previously, researchers had thought that it was impossible for plants to make significant
22、 amounts of the gas. They had assumed that microbes(微生物) need to be in environments without oxygen to produce methane. Methane is a greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide. Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide trap heat in Earths atmosphere and contribute to global warming.In its experiments, Kepple
23、rs team used sealed chambers (室，房间；腔) that contained the same concentration of oxygen that Earths atmosphere has. They measured the amounts of methane that were released by both living plants and dried plant material, such as fallen leaves.With the dried plants, the researchers took measurement at t
24、emperatures ranging from 30 degrees Celsius to 70 degrees CAt 30 degrees C., they found, a gram of dried plant material released up to 3 nanograms(微克) of methane per hour (One nanogram is a billionth of a gram. ). With every 10-degree rise in temperature, the amount of methane released each hour rou
25、ghly doubled.Living plants growing at their normal temperatures released as much as 370 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue per hour. Methane emissions tripled (增加三倍) when living and dead plant was exposed to sunlight.Because there was plenty of oxygen available, its unlikely that the type
26、s of bacteria( bacterium 的复数，细菌) that normally make methane were involved. Experiments on plants that were grown in water rather than soil also resulted in methane emissions. Thats another strong sign that the gas came from the plants and not soil microbes.The new finding is an “interesting observat
27、ion,“ says Jennifer Y.King, a biogeochemist(生物地球化学家) at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul. Because some types of soil microbes consume methane, they may prevent plant-produced methane from reaching the atmosphere. Field tests will be needed to assess the plants influence, she notes.（分数：15.00）(
28、1).What was scientists understanding of methane?A. It was produced from plants.B. It was not a greenhouse gas.C. It was produced in oxygen-free environments.D. It traps more heat than any other greenhouse gas.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).To test whether plants are a source of methane, the scientists created
29、 _.A. a oxygen-free environmentB. an environment with the same concentration of oxygen as the Earth hasC. a carbon dioxide-free environmentD. an environment filled with the greenhouse gas（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which statement is true of the methane emissions of plants in the experiment?A. The lower th
30、e temperature, the higher the amount of methane emissions.B. Living plants releas less methane than dried plants at the same temperature.C. When exposed to sunlight, plants stop releasing methane.D. The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of methane emissions.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of
31、 the following about methane is Not mentioned in the passage?A. Plants growing in soil release methane.B. Plants growing in water release methane.C. Soil microbes consume methane.D. Microbes in plants produce methane.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the beneficial point of some microbes consuming plant-
32、produced methane?A. Methane becomes less poisonous.B. Methane is turned into a fertilizer.C. Less methane reaches the atmosphere.D. Air becomes cleaner.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Sugar Power for Cell PhonesUsing enzymes commonly found in living cells, a new type of fuel cell produces smal
33、l amounts of electricity from sugar. If the technology is able to succeed in mass production, you may some day share your sweet drinks with your cell phone.In fuel cells, chemical reactions generate electrical currents. The process usually relies on precious metals, such as platinum. In living cells
34、, enzymes perform a similar job, breaking down sugars to obtain electrons and produce energy.When researchers previously used enzymes in fuel cells, they had trouble keeping them active, says Shelley D. Minteer of St Louis University. Whereas biological cells continually produce fresh enzymes, there
35、s no mechanism in fuel cells to replace enzymes as they quickly degrade.Minteer and Tamara Klotzbach, also of St Louis University, have now developed polymers that wrap around an enzyme and preserve it in a microscopic pocket. “We tailor these pockets to provide the ideal microenvironment“ for the e
36、nzyme, Minteer says. The polymers keep the enzyme active for months instead of days.In the new fuel cell, tiny polymer bags of enzyme are embedded in a membrane that coats one of the electrodes. When glucose from a sugary liquid gets into a pocket, the enzyme oxidizes it, releasing electrons and pro
37、tons. The electrons cross the membrane and enter a wire through which they travel to the other electrode, where they react with oxygen in the atmosphere to produce water. The flow of electrons through the wire constitutes an electrical current that can generate power.So far, the new fuel cells dont
38、produce much power, but the fact that they work at all is exciting, says Paul Kenis, a chemical engineer at the University of Illinois at Urhana-Champaign. “Just getting it to work,“ Kenis says, “is a major accomplishment.“Sugar-eating fuel cells could be an efficient way to make electricity. Sugar
39、is easy to find. And the new fuel cells that run on it are biodegradable, so the technology wouldnt hurt the environment. The scientists are now trying to use different enzymes that will get more power from sugar. They predict that popular products may be using the new technology in as little as 3 y
40、ears.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, when can we share our sweet drinks with our cell phones?A. When enzymes can be commonly found in living ceils.B. When the technology of producing a new type of fuel cell appears.C. When the technology of a new type of fuel cell is suitable for mas
41、s production.D. When the technology of mass producing cell phones appears.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What trouble did Minteer and Klotzhach have in their research?A. They had trouble keeping enzymes in fuel cells active.B. They had trouble keeping biological cells active.C. They had trouble producing fres
42、h enzymes.D. They had trouble finding mechanism for producing enzymes.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Paragraph 5, electrons are released _.A. when bags of enzyme are embedded in the new fuel cellB. when glucose from a sugary liquid goes through the enzymeC. when the enzyme oxidizes the glucose fr
43、om a sugary liquid that goes through a pocketD. when the enzyme oxidizes the sugary liquid that goes through a pocket（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is exciting about the new fuel cells?A. Their limitless power generation capacity is amazing.B. Their limited power generation capacity is a good beginning.C
44、. Their limited power generation capacity is the result of great efforts.D. Their limitless power generation capacity is a major accomplishment.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the last paragraph, what is NOT true of the new fuel cells?A. The new fuel cells run on sugar that is easy to find.B. The
45、new fuel cells are environment friendly.C. The new fuel cells are biologically degradable.D. It will take some time before the new fuel cells can be used in popular products.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Inspecting a Used CarThe scariest part of buying a used car is not being completely sure
46、 of what condition its in. A car thats been in a major accident is always a bigger risk, but sellers often try to hide this information. Andrew Bleakley, evaluator-inspector, runs a mobile vehicle inspection service in Montreal. For about $ 80 he will perform a full, unbiased inspection on a used ve
47、hicle. In his 10 years as a professional inspector, Bleakley has seen a lot. He warns. “Watch out for dealer demonstration vehicles which are used, not new. They may have been in a collision.“ He adds that it is not uncommon in Ontario and Quebec especially for unscrupulous sellers to roll back the
48、odometer or to even disengage it. Bleakiey has special tools to check for this.Bleakley always recommends hiring all independent technician to inspect the condition of a. used car before you buy it. The problem is finding someone qualified to do the inspection. Which he says generally doesnt mean ju
49、st any mechanic. A thorough mechanical inspection includes checking the compression, all major systems, including the engine, electrical and charging systems, transmission and drive line, fluids, brakes, suspension, and steering. Essential, too, is all inspection of the cars body and finally a road test. There are, however
