1、职称英语理工类 A 级-36 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The construction of the railway is said to have been terminated. A. resumed B. ended C. suspended D. cancelled（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.They have made up their mind to give up smoking. A. tried B. attempted C. agreed D. decided（分数：1.
2、00）A.B.C.D.3.It took me exactly a week to complete the work. A. do B. achieve C. improve D. finish（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.He achieved success through hard work. A. reached B. reaped C. attained D. took（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.A deadly disease has affected these animals. A. contagious B. serious C. fatal D. wor
3、rying（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.It is said that the house along the street will be demolished. A. pulled down B. rebuilt C. renovated D. constructed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.With immense relief, I stopped running. A. much B. enormous C. little D. extensive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.They are endeavoring to change society a
4、s a whole. A. trying B. working C. doing D. making（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.It is postulated that population trends have an effect on economic fluctuations. A. challenged B. assumed C. accepted D. doubted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.When Jack eventually overtook the last truck he pulled over to the inside lane. A.
5、skipped B. passed C. reached D. led（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.We were all there when the accident occurred. A. happened B. broke C. spread D. appeared（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Because of the popularity of the region, it is advisable to book hotels in advance. A. possible B. profitable C. easy D. wise（分数：1.00）A.B
6、.C.D.13.The staffs of the company are always courteous and helpful. A. efficient B. respectable C. well-informed D. respectful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.They have given up the hope to save their friends from drowning. A. ended B. abandoned C. built D. strengthened（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The construction of the
7、 railway is said to have been terminated. A. resumed B. put an end to C. suspended D. re-scheduled（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Mad Scientist Stereotype OutdatedDo people still imagine a physicist as a bearded man in glasses or has the image of the mad scientist changed? The Institute
8、 of Physics set out to find out whether the stereotype of a physics boffin (科学家) still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in London. The people were asked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-up of possible suspects. 98 percent of those asked got it wrong. The majority of peo
9、ple picked a white male of around 60, wearing glasses and with a white beard.While this stereotype may have been the image of all average physicist fifty years ago, the reality is now very different Since 1960 the number of young women entering physics has doubled and the average age of a physicist
10、is now 31.The stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has lasted a long time because the media and Hollywood help promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting by blackboards full of equations (等式) or working with fizzing (嘶嘶响) test tubes. These stereotypes are really damaging t
11、o society. Very good school children are put off studying science because they dont see people like themselves on television or in magazines doing science. They simply dont relate to the medias image of the mad scientist.This is one reason why fewer young people are choosing to do science at univers
12、ity. If we want to encourage more young people to study science subjects, we need to change this image of the scientist and make science careers more attractive. But we must also develop childrens interest in science.In an attempt to change this negative image, an increasing number of science festiv
13、als are being organized. Thousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to take part in the international-wide science competitions of which the most popular are the national science Olympiads. Winning national teams then get the opportunity to take part in the International Science
14、Olympiads which are held in a different county every year. These events are all interesting for the young people who take part but they only involve a small proportion of students who are already interested in science. It seems that there is a long way to go before science becomes attractive as subj
15、ects like computer studies or fashion and design.（分数：7.00）(1).Most people have similar ideas of what a physicist looks like.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The majority of physicists in Britain today are Cambridge graduates.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The media and the cinema
16、 have played a role in promoting the image of the mad scientist.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).There will be more women scientists than men scientists in the future.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).More children will study science if it becomes more attractive.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.W
17、rongC.Not mentioned(6).The image of the mad scientist is really encouraging to society.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The International Science Olympiads are held once every two years.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)A The Financial Center of USAB The
18、 Night Life in New YorkC The Traffic Facilities of New YorkD Shopping Center for the RichE New York-An International CityF Central Park-A Place of Recreation for the New Yorkers（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6_（分
19、数：1.00）填空项 1:_A do whatever they like for relaxationB where you can play all kinds of ball gamesC than the world famous BroadwayD enjoy the colorful night life of the cityE where the wealthy people would go shoppingF for what seems to be a very small sum today（分数：4.00）(1).The island of Manhattan was
20、 bought by the Hollanders from the native Americans_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Central Park is a good place where the New Yorkers can go and_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Fifth Avenue is the place_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).For those play-lovers who are interested in what is unusual, the small theaters might be more att
21、ractive_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)How the First Stars in the Universe Came into ExistenceHow the first stars formed from this dust and gas has been a burning question for years, but a state-of-the-art computer simulation now offers the most detailed picture ye
22、t of how these first stars in the universe came into existence, researchers say.The composition of the early universe was quite different from that of today, and the physics that governed the early universe were also somewhat simpler. Dr. Naoki Yoshida and colleagues in Japan and the U.S. incorporat
23、ed these conditions of the early universe, sometimes referred to as the “cosmic dark ages,“ to simulate the formation of an astronomical object that would eventually shine its light into this darkness.The result is a detailed description of the formation of a protostar-the early stage of a massive p
24、rimordial star of our universe, and the researchers computer simulation, which has been called a “cosmic Rosetta Stone“ sets the bar for further investigation into the star formation process. The question of how the first stars evolved is so important because their formations and eventual explosions
25、 provided the seeds for subsequent stars to come into being.According to their simulation, gravity acted on minute density variations in matter, gases, and the mysterious “dark matter“ of the universe after the Big Bang in order to form this early stage of a star-a protostar with a mass of just one
26、percent of our sun. The simulation reveals how pre-stellar gases would have actually evolved under the simpler physics of the early universe to form this protostar.Dr. Yoshidas simulation also shows that the protostar would likely evolve into a massive star capable of synthesizing heavy elements, no
27、t just in later generations of star, but soon after the Big Bang.“This general picture of star formation, and the ability to compare how stellar objects form in different time periods and regions of the universe, will eventually allow investigation into the origins of life and planets,“ said Lars He
28、rnquist, a Professor of Astronomy at Harvard University and a coauthor of this latest report. “The abundance of elements in the universe has increased as stars have accumulated,“ he says, “and the formation and destruction of stars continues to spread these elements further across the universe. So w
29、hen you think about it all of the elements in our bodies originally formed from nuclear reactions in the centers of stars, long ago.“Their simulation of the birth of a protostar in the early universe signifies a key step toward the ambitious goal of piecing together the formation of an entire primor
30、dial star and of predicting the mass and properties of these first stars of the universe. More powerful computers, more physical data, and an even larger range will be needed for further calculations and simulations, but these researchers hope to eventually extend this simulation to the point of nuc
31、lear reaction initiation when a stellar object becomes a true star.“Dr. Yoshida has taken the study of primordial star formation to a new level with this simulation, but it still gets us only to the halfway point towards our final goal. It is like laying the foundation of a skyscraper,“ said Volker
32、Bromm, Assistant Professor of Astronomy at the University of Texas, Austin and the author of a companion article. “We must continue our studies in this area to understand how the initially tiny protostar grows, layer by layer, to eventually form a massive star. But here, the physics become much more
33、 complicated and even more computational resources are needed./（分数：15.00）(1).According to the first two paragraphs, the early universe_.（分数：3.00）A.was governed by simpler physicsB.got fewer stars shinning in itC.started over 13 billion years agoD.was composed in a way similar to that of today(2).Wha
34、t can the state-of-the-art computer simulation tell us about?（分数：3.00）A.How the Big Bang occurred about 13 billion years ago.B.How “cosmic dark ages“ came into existence.C.How dust grains and gases were formed after the Big Bang.D.How the first stars came into being after the Big Ban(3).What does th
35、e “astronomical object“ in paragraph 2 refer to?（分数：3.00）A.Cosmic dark ages.B.Dust grains and gases.C.A protostar.D.The early univers(4).According to paragraph 4, what is NOT true about a protostar?（分数：3.00）A.It developed into a massive star during the Big Bang.B.It evolved from pre-stellar gases.C.
36、It was able to integrate heavy elements when evolving into a massive star.D.It had a mass of one percent of the sun.(5).According to the last paragraph, all of the following are goals of the simulation project EXCEPT_.（分数：3.00）A.to know more about the mass and properties of the first stars of the un
37、iverseB.to simulate the process of how the early universe beganC.to apply the simulation to the study of nuclear reaction initiationD.to discover the truth about the formation of a protostar六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Late-Night DrinkingCoffee lovers beware. Having a quick “pick-me-up“ cup of coffee late i
38、n the day will play havoc with your sleep. As well as being a stimulant, caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin, the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep.Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am. before falling again. “
39、Its the neurohormone that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,“ says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the bodys levels of this s
40、leep hormone.Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decaf. On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, compare
41、d with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off twice as long as usual and jigged around in bed twice as much.In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample. Shilo measured concentrations of a
42、 breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine, the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives melatonin production.Bec
43、ause it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch.（分数：15.00）(1).The author mentions “pick-me-up“ to indicate that_.（分数：3.00）A.melatonin levels need to be raised.B.neurohormone can wake us up.C.coffee is a stimulant.D.dec
44、af is a caffeinated coffe(2).Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?（分数：3.00）A.Caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that stops melatonin production.B.Caffeine interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleeping.C.Caffeine halves the bodys levels of sleep hor
45、mone.D.Caffeine stays in the body for many hours.(3).What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss?（分数：3.00）A.Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decal on sleep.B.Different findings of Lotan Shilo and a team about caffeine.C.The fact that the subjects slept 415 minutes per night after drinking decaf.
46、D.The proof that the subjects took half an hour to fall asleep.(4).What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove?（分数：3.00）A.There are more enzymes in decaf drinkers urine sample.B.There are more melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers urine sample.C.Decaf drinkers produce less melato
47、nin.D.Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormon(5).The author of this passage probably agrees that（分数：3.00）A.coffee lovers sleep less than those who do not drink coffee.B.we should not drink coffee after supper.C.people sleep more soundly at midnight than at 3 am.D.if we feel sleepy at night, we s
48、hould go to bed immediately.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Scientists Make Sweet DiscoveringGood news for chocoholics: the treat preferred by millions all over the world is good for you, according to American researchers at the University of California. Chocolate contains substances called flavonoids that can
49、 help maintain a healthy heart and good circulation. The researchers have discovered that cocoa acts like aspirin and that eating a bar of chocolate has also been shown to release endorphins in the body: these chemicals help to reduce pain and stress and make you feel happy.The Olmec Indians of Mexico and Central America were the f
