1、职称英语理工类 A 级-34 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone. A. equal B. immediate C. moderate D. great（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day. A. energet
2、ic B. free C. physical D. regular（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Sleep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people.A. picture B danger C. evidence D. case（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment. A. love B. surprise C. anger D. doubt（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.He was rather vague a
3、bout the reasons why he never finished school. A. bright B. unclear C. general D. bad（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners. A. polite B. usual C. bad D. similar（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.He was kept in appalling conditions in prison. A. necessary B. terrible C. critical D. norm
4、al（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.He demolished my argument in minutes. A. supported B. disproved C. disputed D. accepted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The two banks have announced plans to merge next year. A. close B. sell C. break D. combine（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.I cant put up with my neighbors noise any longer, its driving
5、me mad. A. tolerate B. generate C. reduce D. measure（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The project required ten years of diligent research. A. hardworking B. social C. basic D. scientific（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues. A. boring B. original C. humorous D. long（
6、分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil. A. doubt B. relief C. failure D. confusion（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth. A. attract B. spend C. encourage D. require（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.I want to provide my boys with a decent educ
7、ation. A. special B. private C. general D. good（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Image Martian Dust ParticlesNASAs Phoenix Mars Lander has taken its first-ever picture of a single particle of rusty Martian dust with one of its microscopes. The dust particles of dust were shown at a higher
8、 magnification than anything outside of Earth that has been imaged before. The rounded particle measured only about one micrometer, or one millionth of a meter, across.“Taking this image required the highest resolution microscope operated off Earth and a specially designed device to hold the Martian
9、 dust,“ said Tom Pike, a Phoenix science team member from Imperial College London. “We always knew it was going to be technically very challenging to image particles this small.“The device that imaged the dust speck is called an atomic force microscope, which maps the shape of particles in three dim
10、ensions by scanning them with a sharp tip at the end of a spring. The atomic force microscope can detail the shapes of particles as small as about 100 nanometers. And this wont be the last dust particle that Phoenix will image. “After this first success, were now working on building up a portrait ga
11、llery of the dust on Mars,“ Pike said.Dust exists everywhere on Mars, coating the surface and giving it its rusty red color. Dust particles also color the Martian sky pink and feed storms that regularly envelope the planet. The ultra-fine dust is the medium that actively links gases in the Martian a
12、tmosphere to processes in Martian soil, so it is critically important to understanding Mars environment, the researchers said.The $420-million Phoenix mission is analyzing the dust and subsurface ice layers of Mars arctic regions to look for signs of potential past habitability. The particle seen in
13、 the atomic force microscope image was part of a sample scooped by the robotic arm from the “Snow White“ trench and delivered to Phoenixs microscope station in early July.（分数：7.00）(1).The dust particle on Mars is the smallest particle that has been imaged outside of Earth.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.No
14、t mentioned(2).Using the same technology, we have also measured the size of particles on the moon and Jupiter.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Scientists use the highest resolution microscope to watch and record the image of Martian particles on earth.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(
15、4).Tom Pike said that they used to think it was no easy job to image such small particles.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).An electronic device has been developed to measure the weight of certain Martian rocks.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).After collecting the last Martian dust
16、particle, the scientists have started to build up a portrait gallery of it.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The Phoenixs robotic arm collected the Martian dust particles for analysis on Mars.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)A causes of changesB increasi
17、ng number of museums and visitorsC museums getting closer to more spectatorsD movies shown in museumsE new notions about the management of museumsF places to visit（分数：4.00）(1).paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_
18、A have higher demands of museumsB are open to more people with different social backgroundC to lengthen their opening hoursD charge too little for admissionE have been built and open to publicF by lowering the admission fees（分数：4.00）(1).Now museums are no longer restricted to the privileged few, but
19、_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).With the development of society, people, especially the young people,_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).To meet the needs of society, more museums_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Two major problems for museums are that they have too many visitors and they_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五
20、、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)More Than a Ride to SchoolThe National Education Association claims. “The school bus is a mirror of the community.“ They further add that, unfortunately, what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen community. They are right, sometimes it reflects
21、more! Just ask Liesl Denson. Riding the school bus has been more than a ride to school for Liesl.Bruce Hardy school bus driver for Althouse BUS Company has been Liesls bus driver since kindergarten. Last year when Liesls family moved to Parkesburg, knowing her bus went by her new residence, she requ
22、ested to ride the same bus.This year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year riding the bus. She says, “Its been a great ride so far! My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listener. Sometimes when youre a child adults do not think that what you have to say is i
23、mportant. Mr. Hardy always listens to what you have to say and makes you feel important. “ Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree.Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975. This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Company, Larry Althouse, p
24、resident of the company, acknowledges Bruce Hardys outstanding record: “You do not come by employees like Bruce these days. He has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving record. He was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350,000 accident free miles
25、. Hardys reputation is made further evident through the relationships he has made with the students that ride his bus.“Althouse further adds, “Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever since. My grandfather started the business with one bus.
26、 Althouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to bring distinctive and safe service to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come.“Three generations of business is not all the company has enjoyed. Thanks to drive
27、rs like Bruce Hardy, they have been building relationships through generations, Liesls mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardys bus to the Octorara School District.（分数：15.00）(1).The word “mirror“ in the first line could be best replaced by_.（分数：3.00）A.“vehicle“B.“device“C.“need“
28、D.“reflection“(2).Brace Hardy has been working with Althouse Bus Company_.（分数：3.00）A.for 30 yearsB.for 70 yearsC.since last yearD.since 2000(3).Which of the following statements is NOT true of Bruce Hardy?（分数：3.00）A.He is popular with his passengers.B.He has never missed a day of work.C.He is an imp
29、atient person.D.lie has driven 350, 000 accident free miles.(4).Althouse Bus Company was founded by_.（分数：3.00）A.Larry AlthouseB.Althouses grandfatherC.Liesls motherD.Ashley Batista(5).Althouse Bus Company pays much attention to_.（分数：3.00）A.employing young driversB.running quality schoolsC.providing
30、free driving lessonsD.building sound relationships六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A Phone That Knows Youre BusyIts a modem problem: youre too busy to be disturbed by incessant (连续不断的) phone calls so you turn your cellphone off. But if you dont remember to turn it back on when youre less busy, you could miss so
31、me important calls if only the phone knew when it was wise to interrupt you, you wouldnt have to turn it off at all. Instead, it could let calls through when you are not too busy.A bunch of behavior sensors and a clever piece of software could do just that, by analyzing your behavior to determine if
32、 its a good time to interrupt you. If built into a phone, the system may decide youre too busy and ask the caller to leave a message or ring back later.James Fogarty and Scott Hudson at Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania based their system oil tiny microphones, cameras and touch sensors that
33、 reveal body language and activity. First they had to study different behaviors to find out which ones strongly predict whether your mind is interrupted.The potential “busyness“ signals they focused on included whether the office doors were left open or closed, the time of day, if other people were
34、with the person in question, how close they were to each other, and whether or not the computer was in use.The sensors monitored these and many other factors while four subjects were at work. At random intervals, the subjects rated how interruptible they were on a scale ranging from “highly interrup
35、tible“ to “highly not-interruptible“. Their ratings were then correlated with the various behaviors. “It is a shotgun (随意的) approach: we used all the indicators we could think of and then let statistics find out which were important,“ says Hudson.The model showed that using the keyboard, and talking
36、 on a landline or to someone else in the office correlated most strongly with how interruptible the subjects judged themselves to be.Interestingly, the computer was actually better than people at predicting when someone was too busy to be interrupted. The computer got it right 82 percent of the time
37、, humans 77 percent. Fogarty speculates that this might be because people doing the interrupting are inevitably biased towards delivering their message, whereas computers dont care.The first application for Hudson and Fogartys system is likely to be in an instant messaging system, followed by office
38、 phones and cell phones. “There is no technological roadblock (障碍) to it being deployed in a couple of years, “ says Hudson.（分数：15.00）(1).A big problem facing people today is that_.（分数：3.00）A.they must tolerate phone disturbances or miss important callsB.they must turn off their phones to keep their
39、 homes quietC.they have to switch from a desktop phone to a cell phoneD.they are too busy to make phone calls(2).The behavior sensor and software system built in a phone_.（分数：3.00）A.could help store messagesB.could send messages instantlyC.could tell when it is wise to interrupt youD.could identify
40、important phone calls(3).Scientists at Carnegie Mellon University tried to find out_.（分数：3.00）A.why office doors were often left openB.when it was a good time to turn off the computerC.what questions office workers were bothered withD.which behaviors could tell whether a person was busy(4).During th
41、e experiment, the subjects were asked_.（分数：3.00）A.to control the sensors and the camera.B.to rate the degrees to which they could be interrupted.C.to compare their behaviors with others.D.to analyze all the indicators of interruption.(5).The computer performed better than people in the study because
42、_.（分数：3.00）A.the computer worked harderB.the computer was not busyC.people tended to be biasedD.people were not good at statistics七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Exploding Lakes of CameroonWhat comes to mind when you think of a lake? You probably imagine a pretty scene with blue water, birds, and fish. For
43、 the people in the northwestern Cameroon, however, the image is very different. For them, lakes may mean terrible disasters. In 1984, poisonous gases exploded out of Lake Monoun and came down into the nearby villages, killing thirty-seven people. Two years later, Lake Nyos erupted a cloud of gases r
44、olled down the hills and into the valleys and killed 1,700 people.Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are crater (火山口) lakes. They were formed when water collected in the craters of old volcanoes. The volcanoes under Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are not active anymore. However, poisonous gases from the center of
45、 the earth continue to flow up through cracks in the bottom of the lake. This is normal in a crater lake. In most crater lakes, these gases are released often because the water “turns over“ regularly. That is, the water from the bottom of the lake rises and mixes with the water at the top, allowing
46、the gases to escape slowly.However, in Lakes Nyos and Monoun, there is no regular turning over. No one knows the reason for this fact, but as a result, these lakes have more gases tapped at the bottom than other crater lakes. In fact, scientists who have studied Lakes Nyos and Monoun have found 16,0
47、00 times more gases. When a strong wind, cool weather a storm, or a landslide causes the water to turn over suddenly, the gases escape in a violent explosion.In the past, no one knew when the gases might explode, so there was no way for the villagers to escape disaster. Now scientists from the Unite
48、d States, France, and Cameroon have found a way to reduce the gas pressure at the bottom of Lake Nyos. They stood a 672-foot plastic pipe in the middle of the lake, with one end of the pipe near the bottom and the other end in the air. Near the top of the pipe, the team put several holes that could be opened or closed by a computer. Now, when the gas pressure gets too high, the holes are opened and some of the gas-filled water shoots up through the pipe into the air like a fountain. With less pressure, a disastrous explosion is much less likely. However, the scientists are not sure th
