1、职称英语理工类 A级-33 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Her voice is distinct and unique. You can tell her voice immediately. A. common B. species C. specific D. special（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Capital punishment was abolished some years ago in some states of the U. S. A. created B. decora
2、ted C. improved D. eliminated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Professor Clark continued his research work and disregarded his colleagues advice. A. ignored B. explored C. realized D. recognized（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The earthquake has caused serious damage to this city. A. destruction B. hurt C. injury D. wound（分数：1.
3、00）A.B.C.D.5.The current edition of that magazine discusses the ancient civilization of Latin Americ a.A. firstB. latestC. oldD. special（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.High pay may enhance productivity. A. confirm B. improve C. determine D. supplement（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.A central objective of the developed countr
4、y was to alleviate the problems of the urban poor. A. lessen B. identify C. overcome D. regulate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.It is taken for granted that a piano without any defects would produce very grand music. A. dislikes B. incidents C. faults D. merits（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Your father is furious about the
5、damage you have done to the flower beds. A. angry B. anxious C. uncertain D. worried（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The students had a lot of trouble concentrating on their study because of the noise from the construction outside. A. focusing B. carrying out C. paying for D. continuing with（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.T
6、he train stopped abruptly, making us wonder where we were. A. all of a sudden B. fast C. slowly D. quickly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Some insects rely on the tiny hairs scattered over their bodies to sense sound waves. A. amplify B. disguise C. send D. detect（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Experiments enable young sci
7、entists to judge accurately what must be accepted and what must be viewed with suspicion. A. doubt B. belief C. curiosity D. judgment（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Please let me know if any problems arise. A. become B. occur C. raise D. arouse（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.She undertakes to verify the true source of the
8、rumor. A. tries B. decides C. promises D. refuses（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean QuakeScientists have found evidence that an overlooked fault in the eastern Mediterranean is likely to produce an earthquake and tsunami every 800 years as powerful as t
9、he one that destroyed Alexandria in AD 365.Using radiocarbon dating techniques, simulations and computer models, the researchers recreated the ancient disaster in order to identify the responsible fault. “We are saying there is probably a repeat time of 800 years for this kind of earthquake,“ said M
10、s. Beth Shaw, an earthquake scientist at the University of Cambridge, who led the study. Scientists study past earthquakes in order to determine the future possibility of similar large shocks.Identifying the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami is important for the tens of millions of people
11、in the region, Ms. Shaw said. The fault close to the southwest coast of Crete last produced a big enough quake to generate a tsunami about 1300, which means the next powerful one could come in the next 100 years, she added in a telephone interview.Ms. Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely int
12、ervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to find how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion, she said. Their computer model suggested an 8 magnitude quake on the fault would produce a tsunami that floods the coastal regions of Alexandri
13、a and North Africa, the southern coast of Greece and Sicily all the way up the Adriati to Dubrovnik. This would be similar to the ancient quake in AD 365 that caused widespread destruction in much of Greece and unleashed a tsunami that flooded Alexandria and the Nile Delta, likely killing tens of th
14、ousands of people, she said.（分数：7.00）(1).The fault, which was overlooked before, has been closely studied by scientists.（分数：1.00）A.Right.B.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).It is fun to identify the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Radiocarbon dating techni
15、ques can be used to identify the age of the earth.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Scientists predict that the next powerful earthquake in the eastern Mediterranean may take place some time before 2100.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Ms. Shaw has her colleagues help her in the stu
16、dy of earthquake prediction.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Ms. Shaw measured the movement of either side of the fault to identify the magnitude of the earthquake taking place in AD 365.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The earthquake prediction devices developed by Ms. Shaw are be
17、ing widely used in the world.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)A Popularity and use of natural gasB Natural gas reserves and supplyC Natural gas pricesD Clean fuel of choiceE Disadvantages of natural gasF Natural gas consumption（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空
18、项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A over the past 50 yearsB beneath the earth surfaceC by more than 50 percentD for more than four decadesE as a raw materialF for families（分数：4.00）(1).Natural gas is stored deep_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).N
19、atural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).When manufacturing many products, people commonly use natural gas_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).It is estimated that by 2025 that natural gas demand in the United States will increase_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.0
20、0)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)World Crude Oil Production May Peak Decade Earlier Than Some PredictIn a finding that may speed efforts to conserve oil, scientists in Kuwait predict that world conventional crude oil production will peak in 2014. This prediction is almost a decade earlier than some other pred
21、ictions. Their study is in ACS Energy some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesnt result in normal weight, but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people.Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite: They
22、 have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months, they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended, they were back to
23、normal weight and stayed there.This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight.The findings also provide evidence fo
24、r something scientists thought was true-each person has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort. But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the meta
25、bolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.（分数：15.00）(1).What determines your weight?（分数：3.00）A.Your working manner.B.Your eating habit.C.Your life style.D.Your genes.(2).What did Jules Hirsch do in his study?（分数：3.00）A.He let the eight fat people skip supper.B.He let the eight fat people
26、skip breakfast.C.He let the eight fat people run every morning and evening.D.He gave the eight fat people a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.(3).What happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital?（分数：3.00）A.They went mad.B.They killed themselves.C.They were back to normal
27、weight.D.They attempted suicid(4).What did Ethan Sims make his subjects do?（分数：3.00）A.Battle their genetic inheritance.B.Increase their weight.C.Stay at home.D.Lower their weight.(5).Which one did the scientists think was true?（分数：3.00）A.Each person has a fixed weight range.B.Each person has a weigh
28、t range of 9 kg.C.Each person wants to control his weight.D.Each person has to lose weight rapidly.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Finding Enlightenment in ScotlandIn the 1740s, the famous French philosophy Voltaire said “We look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilization.“ Thats not a bad advertisement for
29、 any country, especially when it comes to attracting people in search of a first class education.Yet some people go even further than that. According to the American author Arthur Herman, the Scots invented the modem world itself. He argues that Scottish thinkers and intellectuals worked out many of
30、 the most important ideas on which modem life depend everything from the scientific method to market economics. Their ideas did not just spread amongst intellectuals, but to those people in business, government and the sciences who actually shaped the Western world.It all started during the period t
31、hat historians call the Scottish Enlightenment, which is usually seen as taking place between the years 1740 and 1800. At this time, Scotland was home to a number of thinkers who made an important shift in the course of Western philosophy. Before that, philosophy was mainly concerned with religion.
32、For the thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment, the proper study of humanity was mankind itself.Their reasoning was practical. For the philosopher David Hume, humanity was the right subject for philosophy because we can examine human behavior and so find real evidence of how people think and feel. A
33、nd from that we can make judgments about the societies we live in and make concrete suggestions about how they can be improved, for universal benefit.Hume was not a scientist himself, but his enquiry into the nature of knowledge laid the foundations for the scientific method the pursuit of truth thr
34、ough experiment. His friend and fellow resident of Edinburgh, Adam Smith, famously applied the study of mankind to the ways in which mankind does business. Trade, he argued, was a form of information. Money is the way in which people tell each other what they want, and how much people pay is the bes
35、t way we have of knowing how much somebody wants something. In pursuing our own interests through trading in markets, we all come to benefit each other.Smiths idea of “enlightened self-interest“ has come to dominate modem views of economics. It also has wider applications. He was one of the first ma
36、jor philosophers to point out that nations can become rich, free and powerful more efficiently through peace, trade and invention than by means of war and plunder.The original Scottish Enlightenment is thought to have ended with the lives of Smith, Hume and the other thinkers who lived in Scotland a
37、t that time. But a wider Scottish Enlightenment can still be seen. It exists in the way that the ideas evolved at that time still underpin our theories. It also exists in Scotland itself in an educational tradition that combines academic excellence with practical orientation.The Institute for System
38、 Level Integration (ISLI) is a good example. Founded in 1998 by a group of four Scottish universities, ISLI draws on the academic expertise of the university departments of computer science, electronic and electrical engineering and informatics, But though it works at the cutting edge of science, IS
39、LIs ultimate aims are rooted in the needs of the real world: to produce highly skilled design engineers and researchers to meet the needs of the rapidly changing global semiconductor industry.Though only one amongst many educational institutions in Scotland, ISLIs existence shows that the principles
40、 of the Scottish Enlightenment still live on. Its a country thats still inventing, still modernizing, and still doing its best to spread enlightenment.（分数：15.00）(1).Scotland is thought to have made important contributions to the civilization of the Western world because of_.（分数：3.00）A.the great thin
41、kers who were born thereB.the methods introduced by its distinguished scholarsC.the first-class education it providesD.the ideas proposed by some famous thinkers and intellectuals(2).Which of the following is the ultimate aim of Humes humanity-oriented studies?（分数：3.00）A.To observe and investigate h
42、uman behavior.B.To find ways to improve human society as a whole.C.To find out how people think and feel.D.To judge the societies humans live in.(3).Smiths idea of “enlightened self-interest“ has great significance for_.（分数：3.00）A.the pursuit of personal interestB.the prosperity of all nationsC.the
43、improvement of international tradeD.the study of economics only(4).Which of the following statements is true of the Scottish Enlightenment?（分数：3.00）A.It ended with the death of such thinkers as Hume and Adam Smith.B.It is embodied only in the way Scottish universities are run.C.Its influence is foun
44、d only in economics.D.It is still alive in a broad sens(5).The Institute for System Level Integration is used as an example to illustrate_.（分数：3.00）A.the practical orientation of Scottish higher educationB.the tradition of Scottish higher educationC.Smiths application of Humes philosophical ideas to
45、 economiesD.the high level of education Scottish universities have attained八、第 5部分：补全短文(总题数：1，分数：10.00)What Is Type 1 Diabetes?When you eat, your body takes the sugar from food and turns it into fuel. (46) . Your body uses glucose (葡萄糖) for energy, so it can do everything from breathing air to playi
46、ng a video game. But glucose cannot be used by the body on its own-it needs hormone called insulin to bring is into the cells of the body.Most people get the insulin they need from the pancreas; a large organ near the stomach. The pancreas makes insulin; insulin brings glucose into the cells; and th
47、e body gets the energy it needs. When a person has Type 1 diabetes, it is because the pancreas is not making insulin. So someone could be eating lots of food and getting all the glucose he needs, but without insulin, there is no way for the body to use the glucose for energy. (47) .You may have hear
48、d older people talk about having diabetes, maybe people of your grandparents age. Usually, this is a different kind of diabetes called type 2 diabetes, or adult-onset diabetes. (48) .When a kid is diagnosed with juvenile (Type 1) diabetes, he will have that type of diabetes for his whale life. It wo
49、n t ewer change to Type 2 diabetes when he gets older.Scientists now think that a person who has juvenile diabetes was born with a certain gene or genes that made the person more likely to get the illness. (49) . Many scientists believe that along with having certain genes, something else outside the persons body, like a viral infec
