1、职称英语理工类 A级-30 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Many scientists have been probing psychological problems. A. solving B. exploring C. settling D. handling（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.For young children, getting dressed is a complicated business. A. strange B. complex C. personal D. funn
2、y（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The food is insufficient for three people. A. instant B. infinite C. inexpensive D. inadequate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.But in the end he approved of our proposal. A. undoubtedly B. certainly C. ultimately D. necessarily（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.John is collaborating with Mary in writing an ar
3、ticle. A. cooperating B. competing C. combining D. arguing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.All the cars are tested for defects before leaving the factory. A. functions B. faults C. motions D. parts（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.A great deal has been done to remedy the situation. A. maintain B. improve C. assess D. protect（分数
4、：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Thousands of people perished in the storm. A. died B. suffered C. floated D. scattered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs. A. abuse B. flavor C. temptation D. consumption（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.These programs are of immense value to old people. A. natural B. fatal C.
5、 tiny D. enormous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.He is determined to consolidate his power. A. strengthen B. control C. abandon D. exercise（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west. A. twists B. stretches C. broadens D. bends（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.In Britain and many other countri
6、es appraisal is now a tool of management. A. evaluation B. production C. efficiency D. publicity（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.These are their motives for doing it. A. reasons B. excuses C. answers D. plans（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits. A. removed
7、 B. cured C. worsened D. relieved（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)A New StartAfter Christmas comes the anti-Christmas. If the festive season is all about filing up on the things you like that are bad for you, then the new year is the “Detox season“ when people across the western world ado
8、pt special diets to lose weight and get rid of the vague feeling that they have spent the last few weeks poisoning themselves.But are Detox diets really necessary? After all, the body itself gets rid of unwanted substances. Thats what the liver and kidney are for.“The Detox fad or fads, as there are
9、 many methods, is an example of the capacity of people to believe in and pay for magic despite the lack of any sound evidence,“ says Martin Wiseman, professor of human nutrition at the University of Southampton in the UK.Most of the pills, juices, teas and oils that are sold for their detoxifying ef
10、fects on the body have no scientific foundation for their claims, according to the research. People would be better off having a glass of water and going to bed early.Detox diets may be magic rather science, but they are the kind of magic which many people want to perform. That may have something to
11、 do with the western diet in general.Scientists and dieticians argue that the benefits people feel are not due to their body getting rid of excessive toxins but are due to changing from what is likely to have been a “poor“ diet.Having fewer headaches, for example, is probably the result of being ful
12、ly hydrated due to drinking so much water and better skin may be due to eating more fruit and vegetables.Detox diets may also be dangerous, as they may deprive vulnerable groups-pregnant women, for instance, or growing teenagers of the kind of nutrients they need.Yet their popularity continues to ri
13、se. This may be something to do with the way that food works within many western cultures. Generally, a countrys food develops along with its economy and society. Food becomes part of a persons cultural identity.In some countries, this link has been broken. In the UK, for example, rapid industrializ
14、ation in the 18th and 19th centuries saw millions of people move from the countryside to the towns interrupting the development of a national cuisine. The United States, a country of immigrants from many different places, has found it hard to develop a national cuisine. In both places, comparatively
15、 few people cook for themselves and food supply is dominated by big processing and agribusiness companies.Detox diets are more popular in these countries than in places like France and Italy, where strong links between food and national culture remain, and where far more people regularly cook for th
16、emselves instead of buying processed foods.Perhaps Detox diets are successful because many westerners have lost mast in what they eat. On the other hand, they may help re-introduce people to the kind of food that is necessary for a healthy diet. And after learning that, they wont poison themselves i
17、n the first place.This would mean radical changes in the way that people eat across the west. And that would be an unwelcome development for the food industry. From the business point of view, it is much better to sell people the problem and then sell them the solution.（分数：7.00）(1).Detox begins afte
18、r Christmas when people think that they have been overeating during the Christmas season and have taken in many substances that are bad for their health.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Many pregnant women and growing teenagers are suffering from mal-nutrition because of the Detox diets the
19、y take.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Both the UK and the USA lack a national cuisine as a result of similar historical development.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The French and the Italians cook for themselves more often than the British and the Americans, which helps them to
20、keep the link between food and their culture.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).On the whole the eastern people like the Chinese and the Japanese have a stronger link between their food and their culture than the western people.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).A positive effect of De
21、tox diets is that it helps people to see what foods are good for their health.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Food industry would make even greater profits if people should all start to eat healthy foods and stop poisoning themselves.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(
22、总题数：2，分数：8.00)A Airport serviceB Training of pilotsC Beginning periodD Rapid growth in the USE DevelopmentF Competition（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A in the development of air transportationB
23、the earliest passenger flights were successfully operatedC to make travel easy and pleasant for the passengersD to provide different servicesE the shortage of qualified pilotsF traveling by air was very cheap（分数：4.00）(1).Air transport companies use different plans_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).The United Stat
24、es was the country where_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The forty years from the 1930s to the 1970s was an important periods_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Nowadays airports provide all kinds of services_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Ford Abandons Electric VehiclesThe Ford motor companys
25、 abandonment of electric cars effectively signals the end of the road for the technology, analysts say.General Motors and Honda ceased production of battery-powered cars in 1999, to focus on fuel cell and hybrid electric gasoline engines, which are more attractive to the consumer. Ford has now annou
26、nced it will do the same.Three years ago, the company introduced the Think City two-seater car and a golf cart called the THINK, or Think Neighbor. It hoped to sell 5,000 cars each year and 10,000 carts. But a lack of demand means only about 1,000 of the cars have been produced, and less than 1,700
27、carts have been sold so far in 2002.“The bottom line is we dont believe that this is the future of environment transport for the mass market,“ Tim Holmes of Ford Europe said on Friday. “We feel we have given electric our best shot. “The Think City has a range of only about 53 miles and up to a six-h
28、our battery recharge time. General Motors EVI electric vehicle also had a limited range, of about 100 miles.The very expensive batteries also mean electric cars cost much more than petrol-powered alternatives. An electric Toyota RAV4 EV vehicle costs over $42,000 in the US, compared with just $17,00
29、0 for the petrol version. Toyota and Nissan are now the only major auto manufacturers to produce electric vehicles.“There is a feeling that battery electric has been given its chance. Ford now has to move on with its hybrid program, and that is what we will be judging them on, “ Roger Higman, a seni
30、or transport campaigner at UK Friends of the Earth, told the Environment News Service.Hybrid cars introduced by Toyota and Honda in the past few years have sold well. Hybrid engines offer greater mileage than petrol-only engines, and the batteries recharge themselves. Ford says it thinks such vehicl
31、es will help it meet planned new guidelines on vehicle emissions in the US.However, it is not yet clear exactly what those guidelines will permit. In June, General Motors and Daimler Chrysler won a court injunction, delaying by two years Californian legislation requiring car-makers to offer 100,000
32、zero-emission and other low-emission vehicles in the state by 2003. Car manufacturers hope the legislation will be rewritten to allow for more low-emission, rather than zero-emission, vehicles.（分数：15.00）(1).What have the Ford motor company, General Motors and Honda done concerning electric cars?（分数：
33、3.00）A.They have started to produce electric cars.B.They have done extensive research on electric cars.C.They have given up producing electric cars.D.They have produced thousands of electric cars.(2).According to Tim Holmes of Ford Europe, battery-powered cars_.（分数：3.00）A.will be the main transporta
34、tion vehicles in the future.B.will not be the main transportation vehicles in the future.C.will be good to the environment in the future.D.will replace petrol-powered vehicles in the futur(3).Which auto manufacturers are still producing electric vehicles?（分数：3.00）A.Toyota and Nissan.B.General Motors
35、 and Honda.C.Ford and Toyota.D.Honda and Toyot(4).According to the eighth paragraph, hybrid cars_（分数：3.00）A.offer fewer mileage than petrol driven cars.B.run faster than petrol driven cars.C.run more miles than petrol driven cars.D.offer more batteries than petrol driven cars.(5).Which of the follow
36、ing is true about the hope of car manufacturers according to the last paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Low-emission cars should be banned.B.Only zero-emission cars are allowed to run on motorways.C.The legislation will encourage car makers to produce more electric cars.D.The legislation will allow more low-emis
37、sion to be produce六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their BrothersYoung female chimps are faster and better learners than young male chimps, suggests a new study, echoing learning differences seen in human girls and boys.While young male chimps pass their time playing, young female c
38、himps carefully study their mothers. As a result, they learn how to fish for tasty termite snacks over two years before the boys.Elizabeth Lonsdorf, now at Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago, US, and colleagues at the University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, spent four years watching how young chimpanzees in t
39、he Gombe National Park in Tanzania learned “cultural behavior“.The sex differences in learning behavior were “consistent and strikingly apparent“, says the team. The researchers point out that similar differences are seen in human children with regard to skills such as writing. “A sex-based learning
40、 differences may therefore date back at least to the last common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans,“ they write in the Nature.Chimps make flexible tools from vegetation and then insert them into termite mounds, extract them and then munch the termites clinging onto the tool. The researchers used vi
41、deo cameras to record this feeding behavior and found that each chimp mother had her own technique, such as how she used tools of different lengths.Analysis of the six infants whose ages were known showed that girl chimps were an average of 31 months old when they succeeded in fishing out their term
42、ites, where the boy chimps were aged 58 months on average. Females were also more skillful at getting out more termites with every dip and used techniques similar to their mothers while males did not.Instead of studying their mothers, the boy chimps spent a significantly greater amount of time froli
43、cking around the termite mound. Behaviors such as playing or swinging might help the male infants later in life when typically male activities like hunting or fighting for dominance become important, suggest the researchers.Lonsdorf adds that there are just two main sources of animal protein for chi
44、mps-the termites or colobus monkeys. “Mature males often hunt monkeys up trees, but females are almost always either pregnant or burdened with a clinging infant. This makes hunting difficult,“ she says. “Adult females spend more time fishing for termites than males.“ So becoming proficient at termit
45、e fishing could mean adult females eat better. “They can watch their offspring at the same time. The young of both sexes seem to pursue activities related to their adult sex roles at a Very young age. /（分数：15.00）(1).Why do young female chimps learn faster than young male chimps at fishing for termit
46、es?（分数：3.00）A.Because young female chimps dont play with their brothers.B.Because young female chimps begin to study their mothers earlier.C.Because young male chimps never learn to fish for termites.D.Because young male chimps are not interested in termites.(2).What are the tools with which chimps
47、fish for termites?（分数：3.00）A.Tree branches.B.Vegetation.C.Fruits.D.Grass.(3).Which of the following is true about chimps fishing for termites according to paragraph 6?（分数：3.00）A.Males often compete with females in fishing for termites.B.Males. could get out more termites with every dip.C.Females cou
48、ld get out more termites with every dip.D.Males are good at mastering technique for fishing for termites.(4).How did the researchers explain the fact that boy chimps spent more time on playing?（分数：3.00）A.They like hunting.B.They enjoy fighting.C.It helps them to stay fit.D.It will make them good fig
49、hters and hunters in the futur(5).According to the last paragraph, which of the following is NOT true?（分数：3.00）A.Adult chimps hunt monkeys while young chimps fish for termites.B.The main source of animal protein for male chimps is colobus monkeys.C.The main source of animal protein for female chimps is termites.D.Female chimps fish for term
