1、职称英语理工类 A类分类模拟题 4及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读理解(总题数：6，分数：100.00)Blackmarket for Gun in the USAs Americans digest the news of another gun atrocity, a mall shooting in Nebraska on December 5th, they cannot be blamed for thinking that guns are in too ready supply. But an article in the latest Econom
2、ic Journal suggests that the demand for illegal guns, at least, is not met as easily as people might fear. Sudhir Venkatesh, now of Columbia University, has talked to 132 gang-members, 77 prostitutes, 116 gun-owning youths, 23 gun-dealers and numerous other denizens of Chicago“s Grand Boulevard and
3、Washington Park neighbourhoods. He did not find many satisfied customers. Chicago has unusually tough restrictions on legal handguns. Even so the black market is surprisingly “thin“, attracting relatively few buyers and sellers. The authors reckon that the 48,000 residents of the two neighbourhoods
4、buy perhaps 1,400 guns a year, compared with at least 200,000 cocaine purchases. Underground brokers sell guns for $ 150350, a mark-up of perhaps 200% over the legal price. They also demand a fee of $3050 for orchestrating the deal. Even then, 3040% of the transactions fall through because the selle
5、r cannot secure a gun, gets cold feet or cannot agree on a location for the deal. Buyers also find it hard to verify the quality of the merchandise. They often know little about the weapons they covet. “Tony“, who owns a 38 calibre handgun, learnt how to use his weapon by fiddling with it. He even p
6、ut a stone in it. “Did it fire?“ Mr Venkatesh asked. “I“m not sure. I think it did,“ Tony said. Fortunately for Tony and his peers, their rivals and the victims of crime cannot tell if their guns work any better than they can. Often, showing the “bulge“ is enough to gain the respect of rival gangs.
7、In robberies brandishing the weapon will usually do. Storekeepers do not wait for proof that it works. Markets can overcome thinness, the paper says; they can also overcome illegality. But they cannot overcome both. A thin market must rely on advertising or a centralised exchange: eBay, for example,
8、 has dedicated pages matching sellers of imitation pearl pins or Annette Funicello bears to the few, scattered buyers that can be found. But such solutions are too cumbersome and conspicuous for an underground market. The drugs market, by contrast, slips through the law“s fingers because of the natu
9、ral density of drug transactions. Dealers can always find customers on their doorstep, and buyers can reassure themselves about suppliers through repeated custom. There are no fixed and formal institutions that the police could easily throttle. Indeed, the authors argue that the gun market may be th
10、readbare partly because the drug market is so plump. Gang-leaders are wary of gun-dealing because the extra police scrutiny that guns attract would jeopardise their earnings from coke and dope. Even Chicago“s gang-leaders have to worry about the effect of crime on commerce.（分数：15.00）(1).Some of the
11、gun transactions are unsuccessful mainly because _.（分数：3.00）A.it is not profitable as the underground price of gun far exceeds legal priceB.Chicago has surprisingly tough restrictions on the ownership and business of gunsC.the dealers are unable to guarantee whether the deal is really going to happe
12、n or notD.it is hard to testify the quality of the guns in actual situations(2).Compared with the gun market, the drug market can be “fat“ mainly because _.（分数：3.00）A.it hardly attracts the police“s attention due to the flexibility of the businessB.the drug dealings are taking place in higher freque
13、ncyC.there are no fixed and formal spots for drug dealingD.drug is affordable to a larger number of people(3).The word “cumbersome“ (Line 5, Paragraph 5) most probably means _.（分数：3.00）A.transparentB.troublingC.horribleD.stupid(4).The reason why the authors argue that the gun market may be threadbar
14、e partly because the drug market is so plump is _.（分数：3.00）A.that the drug transaction is more profitable than gun-dealingB.that the police are more dedicated to the gun-dealing than to the drug-dealingC.that the gang-leaders are suppressing the gun-dealing in order to maintain their profit from dru
15、gD.that the gang-leaders are worried about the effect of crime on commerce(5).Towards the future of gun-dealing, the author“s attitude is _.（分数：3.00）A.pessimisticB.optimisticC.desperateD.sorrowfulStorms Sink ShipsRescuers have found the bodies of over 130 people killed in two ferry disasters in Bang
16、ladesh. The accidents happened during a storm that hit the country on April 21. Hundreds more are missing or feared dead. The two ferries sank in different rivers near the capital city of Dhaka as strong winds and rain hit the South Asian country. The government has since banned all ferries and othe
17、r boats from traveling at night during the April-May stormy season. One of the ferries, MV Mitali, was carrying far more people than it was supposed to. About 400 passengers fitted into a space made for just 300, police said. The second ferry carried about 100 passengers. “The number of deaths is ce
18、rtain to rise.“ said an official in charge of the rescue work. “No one really knows how many people were on board the ferry or how many of them survived.“ Ferries in Bangladesh don“t always keep passenger lists, making it difficult to determine the exact number of people on board. Besides the ferry
19、accidents, at least 40 people were killed and 400 injured by lightning strikes, falling houses and trees and the sinking of small boats. Storms are common this time of year in Bangladesh, as are boating accidents. Ferry disasters take away hundreds of lives every year in a nation of 130 million peop
20、le. Officials blame these river accidents on a lack of safety measures, too many passengers in boats and not enough checks on weather conditions. Ferries are a common means of transport in Bangladesh. It is a country covered by about 230 rivers. Some 20,000 ferries use the nation“s waterways every y
21、ear. And many of them are dangerously overcrowded. Since 1977, more than 3,000 people have died in some 260 boating accidents.（分数：15.00）(1).How many people have been found dead in the two ferry disasters?（分数：3.00）A.Over 130.B.At least 40.C.About 400.D.Over 3,000.(2).The two ferry disasters occurred
22、_.（分数：3.00）A.at noonB.in the morningC.at nightD.in the afternoon(3).How many passengers was MV Mitali designed to carry?（分数：3.00）A.500.B.100.C.400.D.300.(4).Officials attribute boating accident to _.（分数：3.00）A.strong windsB.bad weather conditionsC.the blockages of waterwaysD.the lack of safety measu
23、res(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true of the two ferry disasters?（分数：3.00）A.They were overcrowded.B.They sank on April 21.C.The exact number of deaths could be easily determined.D.They sank somewhere near Dhaka.Stress Level Tied to Education LevelPeople with less education suffer fewe
24、r stressful days, according to a report in the current issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior. However, the study also found that when less-educated people did suffer stress it was more severe and had a larger impact on their health. From this, researchers have concluded that the day-to-
25、day factors that cause stress are not random. Where you are in society determines the kinds of problems that you have each day, and how well you will cope with them. The research team interviewed a national sample of 1,031 adults daily for eight days about their stress level and health. People witho
26、ut a high school diploma reported stress on 30 percent of the study days, people with a high school degree reported stress 38 percent of the time, and people with college degrees reported stress 44 percent of the time. “Less advantaged people are less healthy on a daily basis and are more likely to
27、have downward turns in their health,“ lead researcher Dr. Joseph Grzywacz, of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, said in a prepared statement. “The downward turns in health were connected with daily stressors and the effect of daily stressors on their health is much more devastating for
28、the less advantaged.“ Grzywacz suggested follow-up research to determine why less-educated people report fewer days of stress when it is known their stress is more acute and chronic. “If something happens every day, maybe it“s not seen as a stressor,“ Grzywacz says. “Maybe it is just life.“（分数：15.00
29、）(1).Stress level is closely related to _.（分数：3.00）A.family sizeB.social statusC.body weightD.work experience(2).The 1,031 adults were interviewed _.（分数：3.00）A.on a daily basis for 8 daysB.during one of eight daysC.all by GrzywaczD.in groups(3).Which group reported the biggest number of stressful da
30、ys?（分数：3.00）A.People without any education.B.People without high school degrees.C.People with high school degrees.D.People with college degrees.(4).The less advantaged people are, the greater _.（分数：3.00）A.the impact of stress on their health isB.the effect of education on their health isC.the level
31、of their education isD.the degree of their health concern is(5).Less-educated people report fewer days of stress possibly because _.（分数：3.00）A.they don“t want to tell the truthB.they don“t want to face the truthC.stress is too common a factor in their lifeD.their stress is more acuteEarly United Sta
32、tes Reinterpreted by Bernard BailynBernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United States by applying new social research findings on the experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of prein
33、dustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate propositions. The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World was simply a natural spillover. Although at first the colonies held little positive attracti
34、on for the Englishthey would rather have stayed homeby the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a typical
35、 New World community. For example, the economic and demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably. Bailyn“s third proposition suggests two general patterns prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Sur
36、prisingly, Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled laborers were recruited;
37、by the 1730“s, however, American employers demanded skilled artisans. Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. But to divide the empire into E
38、nglish core and colonial periphery, as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguis
39、hed university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North American culture. Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands of indentured servants who
40、 migrated just prior to the revolution, he fails to link their experience with the political development of the United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as slaves for the period during which they had sold their
41、 time to American employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who we
42、re suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North America is supported by information in the text?（分数：3.00）A.A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came as indentured servants than as free ag
43、ents interested in acquiring land.B.Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans.C.Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during the
44、seventeenth century.D.By the 1730“s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers.(2).The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to _.（分数：3.00）A.give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political interdependence of the colonies
45、and England.B.describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States.C.take advantage of social research on the experiences of colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to acquire land.D.relate the experience of the migrants t
46、o the political values that eventually shaped the character of the United States.(3).Which of the following best summarizes the author“s evaluation of Bailyn“s fourth proposition?（分数：3.00）A.It is totally implausible.B.It is partially acceptable.C.It is highly admirable.D.It is controversial though p
47、ersuasive.(4).According to the text, Bailyn and the author agree on which of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England?（分数：3.00）A.High culture in New England never equaled the high culture of England.B.The cultural achievements of colonial New England have generally been unr
48、ecognized by historians.C.The colonists imitated the high culture of England, and did not develop a culture that was uniquely their own.D.The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high culture of New England.(5).The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which of the follow
49、ing statements about Bailyn“s work?（分数：3.00）A.Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North American culture.B.Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies on Great Britain.C.Bailyn“s description of the colonies as part of an Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect.D.Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group of migrants to colonial North America.Think and Act or Act and ThinkThe majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of
