1、职称英语理工类 A 类-阅读判断专项突破及答案解析(总分：99.96，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读判断(总题数：4，分数：100.00)When We Are AsleepEveryone dreams, but some people never recall their dreams, or do so very rarely. Other people always wake up with vivid recollections (记忆) of their dreams, though they forget them very quickly. In an average nigh
2、t of eight hours sleep, an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes, probably having three to five dreams, each lasting from ten to thirty minutes.Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain. During dream
3、ing, these waves move more quickly. Breathing and pulse rate also increase, and there are rapid eye movements under the lids, just as though the dreamer were really looking at moving objects. These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals (哺乳动物) studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, and
4、 elephants, and also some birds and reptiles (爬行动物). This period of sleep is called the “D“ state. Babies experience the “D“ state for around 50% of their sleep; the period reduces to around 25% by the age of 10.Dreams take the form of stories, but they may be strange and with incidents not connecte
5、d, which make little sense. Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know. One estimate says that two-thirds of the “cast“ of our dream dramas are friends and relations. Vision seems an essential part of dreams, except for people blind from birth. Sound and touch
6、 are senses also often aroused, but smell and taste are not frequently involved. In “normal“ dreams, the dreamer may be taking part, or be only an observer. But he or she cannot control what happens in the dream.However, the dreamer does have control over one type of dream. This type of dream is cal
7、led a “lucid“ (清醒的) dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers. Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time. In a lucid dream, the dreamer knows that he is dreaming.（分数：24.99）(1).Some people dream but cannot remember their dreams.ARight BWrong CNot menti
8、oned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(2).In an average night, males dream longer than females.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(3).When we dream, there is less movement of electrical waves in our brains.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(4).Babies dream less than older children.ARight BWrong CNot m
9、entioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(5).Most dreams involve the people we played with when we were young.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(6).We rarely smell things in dreams.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(7).In a lucid dream we can use Morse code to communicate with others.ARight BWrong C
10、Not mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.Motion SicknessLiving in space looks like lots of fun. You can do certain things in space (like floating around, or pushing huge objects) that you cannot do on earth. But being in space can do things to you, too. If you stay too long in a gravity-free environment, your bo
11、nes could become weak, and a small spaceship just might annoy you after a while, because space travel could make you seasick!On July 4, 1982, after seven days orbiting the earth, astronauts Thomas K. Mattingly and Henry W. Hartsfield returned home. Although not all of the experiments on board worked
12、 properly, the flight basically seemed to be a success except for one “little“ thing: early in the flight, astronaut Hartsfield became “seasick“.Thomas Mattingly, who is also a jet pilot and is highly resistant to motion sickness on earth, did much better. Mattingly sailed through space with a stead
13、y stomach. But no one knows why Hartsfield felt uneasy and Mattingly did not.So far it seems there is no reliable way to predict who will become motion sick in outer space and who will not. In all, at least four astronauts have suffered from space motion sickness. Russian and American scientists are
14、 working together to try to understand and solve the motion sickness. Space program officials worry that if so many highly-trained pilots get sick in space, what will happen when civilians start flying in the shuttle?Motion sickness is a disagreeable feeling that comes from the pitching, rolling, sw
15、aying, or just the moving of the object you are riding in or on. Symptoms of motion sickness include: dizziness, headache, a sinking feeling in the stomach, and vomiting (呕吐).Why does motion make some people ill?Doctors believe that motion sickness is caused by a disturbance in the inner ear. Our ea
16、rs do more than give us hearing. Apart of the ears gives us a sense of balance and helps make us aware of whether we are right side up or upside down.If you know that you get carsick or seasick, what can you do?Speak to your doctor. There are certain medicines available that can help stop that uneas
17、y feeling. But many of them can also make you sleepy. Usually they work best taken before you begin feeling ill.Some people also recommend water, ice cubes, mints, or plain toast. But these remedies do not always work for everyone.Perhaps, since motion sickness is such a big problem in outer space,
18、researchers may soon find a way to cure the astronautsand those of us who stay on earth.（分数：24.99）(1).Floating in space for too long a time may also do harm to ones lungs and heart.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(2).At the end of the flight, Hartsfield became “seasick“.ARight BWrong CNot
19、 mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(3).Mattingly was much thinner than Hartsfield.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(4).Russian and American scientists are working together to solve the problem of motion sickness in astronauts.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(5).Untrained civilians are mor
20、e likely to suffer from motion sickness in a spacecraft.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(6).The motion sickness some astronauts suffered from during space travel had been caused by the defective digestive system.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(7).People suffering from motion s
21、ickness during space travel can alleviate its symptoms by eating or drinking something.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.Mad Scientist Stereotype OutdatedDo people still imagine a physicist as a bearded man in glasses or has the image of the mad scientist changed? The Institute of Physics s
22、et out to find out whether the stereotype of a physics “boffin“ (科学家) still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in London. The people were asked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-up of possible suspects. 98 percent of those asked got it wrong. The majority of people picked
23、a white male of around 60, wearing glasses and with a white beard.While this stereotype may have been the image of an average physicist fifty years ago, the reality is now very different. Since 1960 the number of young women entering physics has doubled and the average age of a physicist is now 31.T
24、he stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has lasted a long time because the media and Hollywood help promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting by blackboards full of equations (等式) or working with fizzing (嘶嘶响) test tubes. These stereotypes are really damaging to society.
25、Very good school children are put off studying science because they dont see people like themselves on television or in magazines doing science. They simply dont relate to the medias image of the mad scientist.This is one reason why fewer young people are choosing to do science at university. If we
26、want to encourage more young people to study science subjects, we need to change this image of the scientist and make science careers more attractive. But we must also develop childrens interest in science.In an attempt to change this negative image, an increasing number of science festivals are bei
27、ng organized. Thousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to take part in nationwide science competitions of which the most popular are the national science Olympiads. Winning national teams then get the opportunity to take part in the International Science Olympiads which are hel
28、d in a different country every year. These events are all interesting for the young people who take part but they only involve a small proportion of students who are already interested in science. It seems that there is a long way to go before science becomes attractive as subjects like computer stu
29、dies or fashion and design.（分数：24.99）(1).Most people have similar ideas of what a physicist looks like.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(2).The majority of physicists in Britain today are Cambridge graduates.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(3).The media and the cinema have playe
30、d a role in promoting the image of the mad scientist.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(4).There will be more women scientists than men scientists in the future.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(5).More children will study science if it becomes more attractive.ARight BWrong CNot m
31、entioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(6).The image of the mad scientist is really encouraging to society.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(7).The International Science Olympiads are held once every two years.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.Mother Nature Shows Her StrengthTornadoes (龙卷风) and h
32、eavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous.George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel (漏斗状的) cloud was behind him. “I stopped the truck and watched the funnel clo
33、ud. It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while. It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared,“ Snyder said.Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on Saturday. In Trumbull County, a tornado turned trees on
34、to their sides. Some trees fell onto houses and cars. Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down.Amanda Symcheck was having a party when the storm began. “I knew something was wrong,“ she said. “I saw the sky go green and pink (粉红色). Then it sounded like a train rushing t
35、oward the house. I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection. “The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and
36、high wind caused the power to go out in many homes.The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull County. The river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of
37、 the high water. This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble.Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety. Some people reported five feet of water in their homes, Local and state officials open
38、ed emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated (撤走), The Red Cross served meals to them.“This was a really intense storm,“ said Snyder. “People were afraid. Mother Nature can be fierce. We were lucky this time. No one was killed. /（分数：24.99）(1).The weather was nice in Trumbull County on Sat
39、urday evening.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(2).George Snyder was a firefighter.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(3).Amanda Symcheck was having a party in the basement when the storm began.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(4).Power supply system was not damaged durin
40、g the storm.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(5).There had not been such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred years.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(6).Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.(7).Several people were
41、 missing during the storm.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C.职称英语理工类 A 类-阅读判断专项突破答案解析(总分：99.96，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读判断(总题数：4，分数：100.00)When We Are AsleepEveryone dreams, but some people never recall their dreams, or do so very rarely. Other people always wake up with vivid recollections (记忆) of th
42、eir dreams, though they forget them very quickly. In an average night of eight hours sleep, an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes, probably having three to five dreams, each lasting from ten to thirty minutes.Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instr
43、ument which measures the electrical waves in the brain. During dreaming, these waves move more quickly. Breathing and pulse rate also increase, and there are rapid eye movements under the lids, just as though the dreamer were really looking at moving objects. These signs of dreaming have been detect
44、ed in all mammals (哺乳动物) studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles (爬行动物). This period of sleep is called the “D“ state. Babies experience the “D“ state for around 50% of their sleep; the period reduces to around 25% by the age of 10.Dreams take the form
45、 of stories, but they may be strange and with incidents not connected, which make little sense. Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know. One estimate says that two-thirds of the “cast“ of our dream dramas are friends and relations. Vision seems an essential
46、 part of dreams, except for people blind from birth. Sound and touch are senses also often aroused, but smell and taste are not frequently involved. In “normal“ dreams, the dreamer may be taking part, or be only an observer. But he or she cannot control what happens in the dream.However, the dreamer
47、 does have control over one type of dream. This type of dream is called a “lucid“ (清醒的) dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers. Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time. In a lucid dream, the dreamer knows that he is dreaming.（分数：24.99）(1).Some pe
48、ople dream but cannot remember their dreams.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A. B.C.解析：(2).In an average night, males dream longer than females.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C. 解析：(3).When we dream, there is less movement of electrical waves in our brains.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（
49、分数：3.57）A.B. C.解析：(4).Babies dream less than older children.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B. C.解析：(5).Most dreams involve the people we played with when we were young.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C. 解析：(6).We rarely smell things in dreams.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A. B.C.解析：(7).In a lucid dream we can use Morse code to communicate with others.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned（分数：3.57）A.B.C. 解析：Motion SicknessLiving in space looks like lots of fun.
