1、职称英语卫生类 B 级-61 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Even in a modernized country, manual work is still needed.（分数：1.00）A.hardB.mentalC.simpleD.physical2.We cannot permit such conduct .（分数：1.00）A.movementB.wordsC.principleD.behavior3.Recent pressure at work may account for his b
2、ehavior.（分数：1.00）A.changeB.explainC.influenceD.help4.It is ridiculous to dispute about such things.（分数：1.00）A.foolishB.shockingC.frighteningD.amusing5.I expect that he will be able to cater for your particular needs,（分数：1.00）A.supplyB.reachC.provideD.meet6.It was obvious that she was not going home.
3、（分数：1.00）A.evidentB.necessaryC.possibleD.probable7.The police have conducted the extensive investigation for this murdering.（分数：1.00）A.importantB.tiredC.thoroughD.careful8.Personality in Americans is further complicated by successive waves of immigration from various countries.（分数：1.00）A.uninterrupt
4、edB.successfulC.forcefulD.overwhelming9.The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror.（分数：1.00）A.smilingB.laughingC.shoutingD.staring10.Courageous people think quickly and act without hesitation .（分数：1.00）A.complaintB.considerationC.delayD.anxiety11.Gambling is lawful in Nevada.（分数：1.00）A.enjoyableB.p
5、rofitableC.legalD.irresistible12.“I didn“t mean to upset you,“ he said mildly .（分数：1.00）A.shylyB.gentlyC.weaklyD.sweetly13.The train came to an abrupt stop.（分数：1.00）A.uncertainB.slowC.unexpectedD.smooth14.You must try to wipe out the memory of these horrible events.（分数：1.00）A.strangeB.terribleC.unus
6、ualD.unfair15.Medical facilities are being upgraded .（分数：1.00）A.renewedB.repairedC.improvedD.increased二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Cosmetic SurgerySurgery that can improve the way a person looks is becoming more and more popular in the United States. This kind of surgery is called cosmetic surgery, a
7、nd both men and women are turning to this treatment as a way of keeping their appearance young as well as keeping competitive (有竞争力的) in their jobs. Men especially are beginning to turn to face-lifts (面部拉皮手术), liposuction (taking fat out of the body), and implants (putting artificial parts into thei
8、r bodies) to help them look younger. As companies downsize (缩编) and move younger employees into higher positions, older employees in their late forties and early fifties feel the need to look and act younger in order to stay competitive. These operations are not without dangers, however. One young w
9、oman had an eye operation to get rid of the bags under her eyes. She described her experience as terrible. She said, “ When he started cutting, I was fully awake. Even though he“d given me an injection near my eyes, I saw everything.“ She went on to explain, “I knew I had to keep still because of wh
10、at he was doing. He was scraping (刮) away fat underneath my eyes. It took about ten minutes. After he finished, I felt I couldn“t walk. I was so faint.“ Her troubles did not end after the operation for two weeks. Her eyes were swollen (肿胀的) and almost completely closed, and even dark glasses could n
11、ot hide the side effects of the operation. Liposuction, taking fat out of the body, is probably the most popular cosmetic operation in the United States. It seems simple enough. First, a small cut is made over the place where the patient wants the fat removed. Next, a small pipe is put into the cut.
12、 A machine like a vacuum cleaner is then used to suck the fat out of the body. However, as one doctor explained, some problems can happen after the operation. He warned, “Irregular lumps and loose skin can reset from this operation. If it is not evenly done, liposuction can produce a very lumpy resu
13、lt.“ Patients often must have more liposuction to correct the problem.（分数：7.00）(1).Cosmetic surgery is more popular in the US than anywhere else.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The way a man looks has little to do with the job opportunities he may have.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentione
14、d(3).There are hardly any risks involved in cosmetic operations.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The young woman was by no means satisfied with the eye operation.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The eye operation was such a failure that the woman refused to pay for it.（分数：1.00）A.Ri
15、ghtB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Not everyone is a good candidate for liposuction.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Sometimes liposuction patients may have to undergo more than one operation.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Exercising Your Memory1 Aging does
16、 not mean a dramatic decline in memory power, unless you help it happen by letting your mind go. 2 That“s not to say that memory doesn“t change throughout life. Researchers divide memory into categories based on the length of time when memories are stored. One system divides it up as short-term (les
17、s than one minute; remembering a telephone number while you dial, for instance), long-term (over a period of years) and very long-term memory (over a lifetime). 3 Short-term memory isn“t mastered until about age 7, but after that you never lose it. Long-term memory, however, involves more effort and
18、 skill and changes more through life. It“s not until the early teens (十几见闻) that most people develop a mature long-term memory. 4 First, we must get information into our heads through learning. Learning strategies can get rusty (生锈) without constant use. High school and college students, who are for
19、ced to repeatedly exercise their long-term memory abilities (at least long-term enough to get them through a final exam ), usually do well on memory tests. The longer you stay in school, the more chance you get to polish your learning skills. It“s no wonder that more highly educated people have more
20、 effective memory skills throughout life. 5 Although older people in general learn somewhat more slowly than they did when younger, a dramatic difference exists between those who stay intellectually activereading, discussing, taking classes, thinkingand those who do not. Giving the brain daily worko
21、ut (锻炼) is just as important as exercising your muscles. Brainwork keeps your learning strategies in shape, and this helps your memory to function at full capacity. 6 The next part of a healthy long-term memory is retention (记忆力), the ability to store what you have learned. Memory researchers still
22、do not know whether memories are lostwhether they still exist in the brain but our mental searching cannot turn them up, or have disappeared entirely as our brain ages. 7 The third necessity for memory is recall, the ability to bring to mind the memories we have stored. Again, while aging has widely
23、 different effects on the recall abilities of different people, research indicates that the older we get, the longer it takes to recall facts. But slower recall is still recall. In fact, aging does not seem to have any effect on forgetting at all, which takes place at the same rate in younger and ol
24、der people.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 3 1 A. Importance of staying intellectually active B. Effects of aging on a person“s recall ability C. Short-term memory versus long-term memory D. Retention as the second necessity for memory E. Link between learning strategies and effective memory skills F. Signif
25、icance of exercising your muscles（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 6 1（分数：1.00）(5).Retention refers to 1. A. for younger and older people B. to the proper function of your memory C. is called long-term memory D. the capacity to store what you have learned E.
26、belongs to very long-term memory F. the ability to remain mentally healthy（分数：1.00）(6).The rate of forgetting is the same 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Remembering something all your life 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Exercising your brain every day is beneficial 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Natura
27、l MedicineSince earliest days, humans have used some kinds of medicines. We know this because humans have survived. Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely. They were successful long before the time of modem medicine. Before the time
28、of doctors with white coats and shiny (发亮的) instruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment. Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have expensive hospitals. Yet injuries are treated. And diseases are often cured, how? By
29、 ancient methods. By medicines that might seem mysterious, even magical (有魔力的). Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical, however. Through the centuries, tribal (部落的) medicine men experimented with plants. They found many useful chemicals in the plants. And scientists believe many of
30、 these traditional medicines may provide the cure for some of today“s most serious diseases. Experts say almost 80% of the people in the world use plants for health care. These natural medicines are used not just because people have no other form of treatment. They are used because people trust them
31、. In developed areas, few people think about the source of the medicines they buy in a store. Yet many widely-used medicines are from ancient sources, especially plants. Some experts say more than 25 % of modern medicines come, in one way or another, from nature. Scientists have long known that natu
32、re is really a chemical factory. All living things contain chemicals that help them survive. So scientists“ interest in traditional medicine is not new. But it has become an urgent concern. This is because the earth“s supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly.（分数：15.00）(1).The passage indi
33、cates that ancient treatments for injury and disease were _.（分数：3.00）A.much more successful than modern onesB.successful in all casesC.successful enough for humans to surviveD.of little help to humans(2).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：3.00）A.Many big and modern hospitals are expen
34、sive.B.Modern medicines are now available all over the world.C.Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical.D.Humans have used some kinds of medicines since earliest days.(3).It is believed by scientists that traditional medicine _.（分数：3.00）A.can cure all kinds of diseasesB.are no longer
35、 useful for modern menC.may cure some of today“s most serious diseasesD.are too cheap to be useful(4).What do the majority of the people in the world use for health care?（分数：3.00）A.Plants.B.Factory-produced chemicals.C.Modern medicines.D.Strange and wonderful equipment.(5).It can be seen from the pa
36、ssage that the earth“s supply of natural medicines _.（分数：3.00）A.may never be exhaustedB.is surprisingly bigC.may be dropping rapidlyD.is as rich as ever六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Stage FrightFall down as you come onstage. That“s an odd trick. Not recommended. But it saved the pianist Vladimir Feltsman whe
37、n he was a teenager back in Moscow. The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic, Mr. Feltsman said, “All my fright was gone. I already fell. What else could happen?“ Today, music schools are addressing the problem of anxiety in classes that de
38、al with performance techniques and career preparation. There are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn to fight stage fright and its symptoms: icy fingers, shaky limbs, racing heart, blank mind. Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice, from basics like learning pieces inside
39、out, to mental discipline, such as visualizing a performance and taking steps to relax. Don“t deny that you“re jittery, they urge; some excitement is natural, even necessary for dynamic playing. And play in public often, simply for the experience. Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests some strategi
40、es for the moments before performance. “Take two deep abdominal breaths, open up your shoulders, then smile,“ she says. “And not one of these “please don“t kill me“ smiles. Then choose three friendly faces in the audience, people you would communicate with and make music to, and make eye contact wit
41、h them.“ She doesn“t want performers to think of the audience as a judge. Extreme demands by mentors or parents are often at the root of stage fright, says Dorothy Delay, a well-known violin teacher. She tells other teachers to demand only what their students are able to achieve. When Lynn Harrell w
42、as 20, he became the principal cellist of the Cleveland Orchestra, and he suffered extreme stage fright. “There were times when I got so nervous I was sure the audience could see my chest responding to the throbbing. It was just total panic. I came to a point where I thought, “If I have to go throug
43、h this to play music, I think I“m going to look for another job.“ Recovery, he said, involved developing humilityrecognizing that whatever his talent, he was fallible, and that an imperfect concert was not a disaster. It is not only young artists who suffer, of course. The legendary pianist Viadimir
44、 Horowitz“s nerves were famous. The great tenor Franco Corelli is another example. “They had to push him on stage,“ Soprano Renata Scotto recalled. Actually, success can make things worse. “In the beginning of your career, when you“re scared to death, nobody knows who you are, and they don“t have an
45、y expectations,“ Soprano June Anderson said. “There“s less to lose. Later on, when you“re known, people are coming to see you, and they have certain expectations. You have a lot to lose.“ Anderson added, “I never stop being nervous until I“ve sung my last note.“（分数：15.00）(1).How many signs of stage
46、fright are mentioned in the second paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.(2).Which of the following is suggested by the experts?（分数：3.00）A.You should deny you are jittery.B.Smile before you step on the stage.C.Keep your excitement all the time.D.Think of the audience as a judge.(3).Lynn Harr
47、ell is a _.（分数：3.00）A.musicianB.parentC.teacherD.pianist(4).According to the passage, what can be concluded?（分数：3.00）A.Actors and actresses should say “Please don“t kill me“ to the audience.B.Extreme demands are the main reason for stage fright.C.Only young artists suffer stage fright.D.When you are
48、 successful, you can get rid of stage fright completely.(5).The passage was written to _.（分数：3.00）A.introduce some famous peopleB.give some advice for playing musicC.offer some information about stage frightD.argue that stage fright is necessary七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Best Way to Reduce Your Weight
49、You hear this: “No wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eat.“ You feel sad: “I skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do?“ Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it. Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that, “80 percent of the children of two obese parents become obese, as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight.“ How can obese people become normal or e
