1、职称英语卫生类 B 级-60 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune.（分数：1.00）A.amassB.spreadC.increaseD.grow2.He pulled out to overtake a truck.（分数：1.00）A.skipB.passC.reachD.lead3.He purchased a ticket and went up on the top deck.（分数：1.00）A.boughtB
2、.tookC.showedD.made4.He confesses that he has done it.（分数：1.00）A.agreesB.allegesC.admitsD.answers5.She“s been deliberately ignoring him all day.（分数：1.00）A.sufficientlyB.noticeablyC.intentionallyD.absolutely6.She shows little regard for the feelings of others and does exactly what she wants to.（分数：1.
3、00）A.feelingB.loveC.considerationD.sense7.Here you can see the food compactly stored in a pressurized tank.（分数：1.00）A.denselyB.inexpensivelyC.quicklyD.carefully8.He often mocks my French accent.（分数：1.00）A.praiseB.belittleC.markD.laugh at9.Mary looked pale and weary .（分数：1.00）A.illB.tiredC.worriedD.p
4、eaceful10.We are restricted to a speed of 30 miles an hour in built-up areas.（分数：1.00）A.deprivedB.forbiddenC.requiredD.limited11.The description about the murderer was pretty vague .（分数：1.00）A.impreciseB.conciseC.unpolishedD.elementary12.It is advisable to wear sunscreen when you“re out in the sun.（
5、分数：1.00）A.possibleB.profitableC.easyD.sensible13.There seemed to be no motive for the murder.（分数：1.00）A.reasonsB.argumentsC.targetsD.stimuli14.The house is filled with crevices due to the attacking of the earthquake to the city last night.（分数：1.00）A.debrisB.gapsC.constructionsD.buildings15.A dentist
6、 may decide to extract the tooth to prevent recurrent trouble.（分数：1.00）A.take outB.repairC.pullD.dig二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at BayStaying positive through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill, new study findings suggest. In an experiment
7、that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition were less likely to fall ill. The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a “positive emotional style“ can help ward off the common cold
8、and other illnesses. Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat or runny nose. “People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus,“ exp
9、lained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. “And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe. “ Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less susceptible to catching a cold, but som
10、e questions remained as to whether the emotional trait itself had the effect. For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional “style“. Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as
11、 having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had a negative style. The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains, sneezing or congestion
12、they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mucus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.（分数：7.00）(1).People with a sunny disposition are immune to illness.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.W
13、rongC.Not mentioned(2).According to Cohen“s study, happier people are more easily to get a cold.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The reasons that happy people were less likely to develop a cold are based on subjective measure.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The researchers chose 1
14、93 adults who had a negative style for the study.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The study inferred that there“s no relations between positive emotional style and getting cold.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Researchers believed that people who were happy, energetic and easy-goin
15、g had stronger immune function.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Cohen found that families had great influence on a person“s emotional style.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Lung Cancer1 The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 8
16、00 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years. It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts. There are many possible causes, but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy. Those factors which have been mentioned most f
17、requently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air (smoke particles, smog, exhaust fumes), and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars. 2 Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits. Among heavy smokers
18、21 to 30 cigarettes per daythe mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers. It is expected that the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect. 3 Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time when an
19、 X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis. Too often, however, a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer. Early detection is absolutely essentia
20、l if any possibility of cure is to be maintained. Modem X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger, at least to those over 40 years of age, that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed. 4 A common f
21、orm of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma, so-called because the malignancy originates in a bronchus. The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked, cutting off the supply of air to that lung. The lung then collapses, and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected, with a result
22、ing pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess. Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body. The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure, before secondary growths have time to fo
23、rm, is to remove the lung completely. This operation is called pneumonectomy. 5 Malignant tumors of the stomach, the breast, the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs, causing secondary growths.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1 A. Common Secondary Lung Cancers B. The Advantages Brought ab
24、out by Routine Chest Checkup C. Relationship between Mortality Rate from Lung Cancer and Smoking Habits D. Operable and Inoperable Lung Cancers E. The Increasing Death Rate from Lung Cancer and Possible Causes F. An Ordinary Type of Lung Cancer（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1（分数：
25、1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(5).Routine X-ray chest examination is not so dangerous 1. A. before the cancer cells spread elsewhere B. the more chances of dying of X-ray radiation he will have C. what is most responsible for lung cancer D. as some people imagine E. the more chances of getting lung
26、 cancer he will have F. which form of lung cancer is a common one（分数：1.00）(6).A primary lung cancer patient may be cured by removing the lung completely 1.（分数：1.00）(7).People are still not sure 1.（分数：1.00）(8).The more cigarettes one smokes, 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00
27、)Sleep Lets Brain File MemoriesTo sleep. Perchance to file? Findings published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science further support the theory that brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz“s. Gyorgy Buzsaki
28、of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically, they examined the electrical activity emanating from the somatosensory neocortex (an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus, which is a center for learning and memory. The
29、 scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined. So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex) were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples. The team posits that this interplay between the tw
30、o brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation. A second study, also published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, links age-associated memory decline to high glucose level. Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased m
31、emory problems. In the new work, Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels, which tend to increase with age, affect memory in healthy people as well. The scientists administered recall
32、 tests, brain scans and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body“s issues. Subjects with the poorest memory recollection, the team discovered, also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance. In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus s
33、hrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar. “Our study suggests that this impairment may contribute to the memory deficits that occur as people age,“ Convit says. “And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated probl
34、ems in cognition.“ Exercise and weights control can help keep glucose level in check, so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements is the nearest in meaning to the sentence “To sleep. Perchance to file?“（分数：3.00）A.Does brain arrange memories in use
35、ful order during sleep?B.Does brain have memories when one is sleeping?C.Does brain remember files after one falls asleep?D.Does brain work on files in sleep?(2).What is the result of the experiment with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers University?（分数：3.00）A.The electrical activity is emanating
36、from the somatosensory neocortex.B.Oscillations in brain waves are from hippocampus.C.Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together in memory consolidation.D.Somatosensory neocortex plays a primary role in memory consolidation.(3).What is the relation of memory to glucose tolerance, as is in
37、dicated by a research mentioned in Paragraph 4?（分数：3.00）A.People with poor memory have high glucose tolerance.B.People with good memory have low glucose tolerance.C.Memory level has nothing to do with glucose tolerance.D.The poorer the memory, the poorer the glucose tolerance.(4).In what way is memo
38、ry related to hippocampus shrinkage?（分数：3.00）A.There is no relation between memory and hippocampus shrinkage.B.The more hippocampus shrinks, the poorer one“s memory.C.The more hippocampus shrinks, the better one“s memory.D.The less hippocampus shrinks, the poorer one“s memory.(5).According to the la
39、st paragraph, what is the ultimate reason for going to the gym?（分数：3.00）A.To prevent hippocampus shrinkage.B.To control weight.C.To exercise.D.To control glucose levels.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Need for Emphasis on TreatmentAIDS programs in developing countries put too little emphasis on treatment, the
40、World Health Organization said Tuesday, asking for more small community-based clinics to be opened to treat HIV-infected people. An estimated 36 million to 46 million people are living with AIDS, two-thirds of them in Africa, but only 440,000 people in developing countries were receiving treatment b
41、y the end of 2003, the UN health agency said in its annual report. “Without treatment, all of them will die a premature and in most cases painful death,“ the WHO said in the 169-page World Health Report. WHO Director General Lee Jong-wook said community-based treatment should be added to disease pre
42、vention and care for sufferers in AIDS programs. “Future generations will judge our time in large part by our response to the AIDS disease,“ Lee said. “By tackling it decisively we will also be building health systems that can meet the health needs of today and tomorrow. This is a historic opportuni
43、ty we cannot afford to miss,“ he added. Antiretroviral drugs enable people hit by AIDS to live longer. The annual cost of treatment, which was about $10,000 when the drugs were first developed, has dropped to about $150. Treatment programs also help AIDS prevention efforts, the report said, citing g
44、reat demands for testing and counseling where treatment has been made available. Good counseling in turn leads to more effective prevention in those who are uninfected, and significantly reduces the potential for HIV carriers to pass on the infection, the report said. Since its discovery in the 1980
45、s, more than 20 million have died of AIDS, mostly in poor countries.（分数：15.00）(1).Which is true of many AIDS sufferers in developing countries?（分数：3.00）A.They put too little emphasis on treatment.B.They are not receiving any treatment.C.They refuse to be treated.D.They live longer than those in deve
46、loped countries.(2).The WHO publishes its World Health Report _.（分数：3.00）A.once every two yearsB.once a decadeC.once a yearD.twice a year(3).According to Lee, our response to the AIDS disease is _.（分数：3.00）A.a matter of great significanceB.a matter of little significanceC.overemphasizedD.timely(4).A
47、IDS treatment programs may also result in _.（分数：3.00）A.better drugsB.lower yearly costC.more effective preventionD.greater emphasis on treatment(5).How many people have died of AIDS so far?（分数：3.00）A.36 million.B.46 million.C.Around 440,000.D.More than 20 million.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Early or Later
48、Day CareThe British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment“ period from birth to three may scar a child“s personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby“s work that child
49、ren should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alonefar from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespre
