1、职称英语卫生类 B 级-5 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.These are our motives for doing it.（分数：1.00）A.reasonsB.argumentsC.targetsD.pursuit2.Do you believe these two intimate friends used to be enemies?（分数：1.00）A.bearableB.internalC.closeD.believable3.He was said to have been (rem
2、oved) from the position of manager for a recent conflict with an important customer.（分数：1.00）A.dismissedB.releasedC.pickedD.exposed4.The example was fundamental to the argument.（分数：1.00）A.impressiveB.publicC.essentialD.slight5.A beautiful woman attended to me in that store yesterday.（分数：1.00）A.waite
3、d onB.talked toC.spoke toD.stayed with6.Your compass and clock are the most essential instruments in sailing.（分数：1.00）A.equipmentsB.toolsC.instructionsD.opportunities7.I reserve the right to disagree.（分数：1.00）A.deserveB.keepC.perceiveD.notice8.You must shine your shoes.（分数：1.00）A.lightenB.cleanC.was
4、hD.polish9.Successful leaders dominate events rather than react to them.（分数：1.00）A.controlB.contributeC.conveyD.contact10.I didnt immediately realize that how serious the situation was.（分数：1.00）A.once moreB.right nowC.fight downD.once again11.I notified him that the meeting had been postponed.（分数：1.
5、00）A.informedB.observedC.mockedD.misled12.The weather here has been exceptionally mild.（分数：1.00）A.extremelyB.identicallyC.fashionablyD.faithfully13.We are wasting precious time sitting around here.（分数：1.00）A.valuableB.leisureC.spareD.previous14.He did his best to inspire his team to great efforts.（分
6、数：1.00）A.persuadeB.instructC.encourageD.discourage15.This book Uembraces/U many subjects. A. adopts B. covers C: presses D. accepts（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A 项；如果该句提供的错误信息，请选择 B 项；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择 C 项。B Stomach Ulcer/B
7、Stomach ulcers are the cause of severe pain for many people. Doctors have been able to help lessen the pain of ulcers. They could not cure them. Now doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers. This means they may have found a way to cure people who suffer from the stomach pain. Studies show that ten
8、percent of the population will develop an ulcer at some time in their life. So a possible cure is good news for many people.Ulcers are wounds in the stomach that are similar to small cuts or tears. These wounds can harm the tissue in the stomach, the pipe that carries the food to the stomach or part
9、s of the small intestines. Fluids in the stomach then increase the pain of an ulcer. How does a person know he or she has an ulcer? Doctors say most people with ulcers feel a burning pain in their chest or stomach. This pain often is called heart bum. It usually happens before eating or during the n
10、ight. It causes some people to lose their desire to eat, or they are unable to keep food in their stomachs. Doctors believed that ulcers were caused by unusually strong stomach fluids, which damaged stomach tissue. Now they have discovered that most ulcers are caused by a bacterial organism called H
11、illico Bactor Pilorie or H. Pillorie. H. Pillorie bacteria are what make stomach produce extra stomach fluid. Doctors found that they can kill the bacteria with medicines called antibiotics. Health experts say the discovery of a cure for ulcers an save thousands of millions of dollars in medical cos
12、ts. They also believe curing ulcers will reduce the number of people who develop stomach cancer. The number of people with stomach cancer is very high in Japan, Southeast Asia and parts of Africa.Doctors say a person is more likely to get an ulcer if his or her family has had one. In fact a person w
13、ith the family history of ulcers is three times more likely to get one than other people. There are ways people can protect themselves from developing an ulcer. Doctors say it is more important to reduce the amount of strong fluids in the stomach. To do this, doctors say, people should not smoke cig
14、arettes or drink alcohol. And they say people should reduce tension in their lives.（分数：7.00）(1).In the past, doctors could not do anything about stomach ulcers.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Now doctors can successfully cure stomach ulcers.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. No
15、t mentioned(3).Some people are likely to suffer from the stomach pain at some time in their life.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).Doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers after many years of experiments.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).There has been a change
16、 in doctors understanding of the cause of stomach ulcer.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).Stomach ulcer can lead to stomach cancer.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).People who eat a lot of spicy food are susceptible to stomach ulcers.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wro
17、ng C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)14 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 25 段每段选择1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 58 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案写在相应的位置上。B How We Form First Impression/BWe all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about
18、someone without really knowing anything about him or her-aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in a how a persons ey
19、es, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information- the sights and sounds of your world. Theses incoming “signals“ are compared against a host of “memories“ stored in the brain ar
20、eas called the cortex (大脑皮层) system to determine what these new signals “mean“.If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “familiar and safe“. If you see someone new, it says, “new-potentially threatening“. Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “kn
21、own“ memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “This is new. I dont like this person.“ Or else, “I am intrigued.“ Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, eth
22、nicity, gestures-like your other friends; so your brain says: “I like this person.“ But theses preliminary “impressions“ can be dead wrong.When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical i
23、mpressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people-their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character-we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks.However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly l
24、ike. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the persons character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking-and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3
25、_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Sensory information is one that is received through_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).You interpret _by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The way we stereotype people is a less
26、 mature form of thinking, which is similar to_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).We can use our mature style of thinking thanks to_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每道题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案。B第一篇/BB US Blacks Hard-hit by Cancer/BDeath rates from ca
27、ncer are falling for all Americans, but black Americans are still more likely to die of cancer than whites, the American Cancer Society said Monday.In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites, and they are more likely to
28、die of the disease.This could be because of unequal access to medical care, because blacks are more likely to have other diseases like diabetes as well, and perhaps because of differences in the biology of the cancer itself, the report added.“In general, African Americans have less likelihood of sur
29、viving five years after diagnosis than whites for all cancer sites and all stages of diagnosis,“ the report said.“In describing cancer statistics for African Americans, this report recognizes that socioeconomic disparities and unequal access to medical care may underlie many of the differences assoc
30、iated with race.“The cancer society said blacks should be encouraged to get check-ups earlier, when cancer is more treatable, and it said more research was needed to see if biological differences play a role.“The new statistics emphasize the continuing importance of eliminating these social disparit
31、ies through public policy and education efforts,“ the organization said in a statement.But it also noted a drop in cancer death rates.“Cancer death rates in both sexes for all sites combined have declined substantially among African Americans since 1992, as have incidence rates,“ says the report.“In
32、creased efforts to improve economic conditions in combination with education about the relationship of lifestyle choices to cancer could further reduce the burden of cancer among African Americans.“About 36 million Americans describe themselves as black, representing about 12 percent of the populati
33、on.（分数：15.00）(1).Black Americans are more likely to die of cancer than_.（分数：3.00）A.white people all over the worldB.white people in AmericaC.all other AmericansD.their ancestors(2).All the following are probably related to the higher cancer death rates among black Americans EXCEPT_.（分数：3.00）A.access
34、 to medical careB.lifestyle choicesC.economic conditionsD.percentage of the population(3).Cancer is more treatable if it is detected_.（分数：3.00）A.in an early stageB.together with other diseasesC.during check-upsD.in elderly people(4).More research is needed to see if there is link between biological
35、differences and_.（分数：3.00）A.cancer sitesB.stages of diagnosisC.cancer death ratesD.socioeconomic disparities(5).Since 1992, cancer incidence rates among black Americans_.（分数：3.00）A.have been going up and downB.have remained stableC.have increasedD.have fallenB第二篇/BB Obesity (肥胖): the Scourge (祸害) of
36、 the Western World/BObesity is rapidly becoming a new scourge of the western world, delegates agreed at the 11th European Conference on the issue in Vienna Wednesday to Saturday. According to statements before the opening of the conference- of 2,000 specialists from more than 50 countries- 1.2 billi
37、on people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million are obese.Professor Bernhard Ludvik of Vienna General Hospital said, “Obesity is a chronic illness. In Germany, 20 per cent of the people are already affected, but in Japan only one per cent.“ But he said that there was hope for sufferers thanks to
38、 the new scientific discoveries and medication.Professor Friedrich Hopichler of Salzberg said, “We are living in the new age (but) with the metabolism of a stone-age man.“ “I have just been to the United States. It is really terrible. A pizza shop is springing up on every corner. We have been overru
39、n by fast food and Coca-Cola.“Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said: “Eighty percent of all diabetics are obese, also fifty per cent of all patients with high blood pressure and fifty per cent with adipose tissue complaints.“ “Ten per cent more weight means
40、 thirteen per cent more risk of heart disease. Reducing ones weight by ten per cent leads to thirteen per cent lower blood pressure.“Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health services should improve their financing of preventive programs. “Though the health insurance pays for surgery
41、(such as reducing the size of the stomach) when the body-mass index is more than 40. That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.70 meters. One should start earlier.“Ludvik said that prevention should begin in school. “Child obesity (fat deposits) correlates with the time which
42、 children spend in front of TV sets.“The consequences were only apparent later on. No more than fifteen per cent of obese people lived to the average life expectancy for their population group.scourge n. 天灾; 祸害obesity n. 肥胖症overrun vt. 侵扰;蹂躏obese adj. 肥胖的diabetic n. 糖尿病患者; adj.糖尿病的medication n. 药物疗a
43、dipose adj. 脂肪有;肥胖的metabolism n. 新陈代谢（分数：15.00）(1).It is estimated that there are _people suffering from obesity in the world.（分数：3.00）A.250,000,000B.1,200,000,000C.1,450,000,000D.950,000,000(2).It seems that the_ people are least affected by obesity among the developed countries and areas mentioned
44、 in the passage.（分数：3.00）A.EuropeanB.GermanC.AmericanD.Japanese(3).Which of the following is most often accompanied by obesity?（分数：3.00）A.High blood pressure.B.Fatty tissue complaints.C.Diabetes.D.Stomach ache.(4).What is the correlation between body weight and heart disease and blood pressure?（分数：3
45、.00）A.Ten per cent less body weight means ten per cent less risk of heart disease and high blood pressure.B.Thirteen per cent more body weight means ten per cent more risk of heart disease and high blood pressure.C.The more body weight one gains, the more risk of heart disease and high blood pressur
46、e he has.D.The less body weight one gains, the more risk of heart disease and the less risk of high blood pressure he has.(5).From the last paragraph we may infer that one of the effective measures suggested by Ludvik to prevent children from being obese would be_.（分数：3.00）A.not to permit them to wa
47、tch TV at allB.to tell them to spend less time watching TVC.to turn off TV when they are in front of TV setsD.to calculate accurately the time that a child spends watching TVB第三篇/BB How Animals Keep Warm/BMan has invented ways to keep warm, but how do animals defend themselves? They cannot reason in
48、 the sense that man can, but nature has taken care of the animal kingdom by providing animals with special instincts. One of these instincts is known as hibernation.“Sleeping like a dormouse“ is not only a common saying but is a reality. When winter comes, the dormouse and other hibernating animals have reached a well-nourished state. They eat very well in warmer days laying down fat in the tissues of their bodies and during hibernation this keeps them alive. Safe in their nests, or burrows, they sleep soundly until the warmth of spring arrives.Bats, tortoises, s
