1、职称英语卫生类 B 级-59 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The company“s exports have been increasing steadily .（分数：1.00）A.continuouslyB.quicklyC.excessivelyD.exceptionally2.Hundreds of years ago cloves were used to remedy headaches.（分数：1.00）A.disruptB.diagnoseC.evaporateD.cure3.The h
2、istory of the exploration of Antarctica recounts many tales of perseverance and suffering.（分数：1.00）A.enduranceB.skillC.generosityD.disturbance4.The terrorists have chosen to play a deadly game with the civilian population.（分数：1.00）A.contagiousB.seriousC.fatalD.worrying5.Numerous parallels exist betw
3、een Ernest Hemingway“s life and the lives of his characters.（分数：1.00）A.studiesB.problemsC.similaritiesD.biases6.The old car jolted along the country road at a snail“s pace.（分数：1.00）A.rodeB.dawdledC.honkedD.bounced7.They thought his behavior was abnormal .（分数：1.00）A.badB.frighteningC.repeatedD.unusua
4、l8.Exposure to the sun can accelerate the ageing process.（分数：1.00）A.step upB.decreaseC.stopD.control9.Helen Keller“s achievements as an author and lecturer were an inspiration to millions.（分数：1.00）A.editorB.directorC.correspondentD.speaker10.He has exhibited symptoms of anxiety and overwhelming worr
5、y.（分数：1.00）A.spreadB.openedC.showedD.examined11.Growing levels of pollution represent a serious health hazard to the local population.（分数：1.00）A.protectionB.indicationC.immunityD.danger12.A seed planted in the sensitive lining of an oyster begins a perpetual coating process that forms a pearl.（分数：1.
6、00）A.totalB.annualC.continualD.habitual13.Now a special TV network gives live coverage of most matches of Olympic Gaines.（分数：1.00）A.baggageB.orphanageC.reportageD.usage14.There is still an immense amount of work to be done.（分数：1.00）A.muchB.enormousC.littleD.extensive15.Maine is justly famous for its
7、 beautiful lakes and ponds.（分数：1.00）A.onlyB.rightfullyC.legallyD.simply二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Stomach UlcerStomach ulcers are the cause of severe pain for many people. Doctors have been able to help lessen the pain of ulcers. They could not cure them. Now doctors have discovered a cause of ulce
8、rs. This means they may have found a way to cure people who suffer from the stomach pain. Studies show that ten percent of the population will develop an ulcer at some time in their life. So a possible cure is good news for many people. Ulcers are wounds in the stomach that are similar to small cuts
9、 or tears. These wounds can harm the tissue in the stomach, the pipe that carries the food to the stomach or parts of the small intestines. Fluids in the stomach then increase the pain of an ulcer. How does a person know he or she has an ulcer? Doctors say most people with ulcers feel a burning pain
10、 in their chest or stomach. This pain often is called heartburn. It usually happens before eating or during the night. It causes some people to lose their desire to eat, or they are unable to keep food in their stomachs. Doctors believed that ulcers were caused by unusually strong stomach fluids, wh
11、ich damaged stomach tissue. Now they have discovered that most ulcers are caused by a bacterial organism called Hillico Bactor Pilorie or H Pilorie. H Pilorie bacteria are what make stomach produce extra stomach fluid. Doctors found that they can kill the bacteria with medicines called antibiotics.
12、Health experts say the discovery of a cure for ulcers can save thousands of millions of dollars in medical costs. They also believe curing ulcers will reduce the number of people who develop stomach cancer. The number of people with stomach cancer is very high in Japan, Southeast Asia and parts of A
13、frica. Doctors say a person is more likely to get an ulcer if someone in his or her family has had one. In fact a person with the family history of ulcers is three times more likely to get one than other people. There are ways people can protect themselves from developing an ulcer. Doctors say it is
14、 more important to reduce the amount of strong fluids in the stomach. To do this, doctors say, people should not smoke cigarettes or drink alcohol. And they say people should reduce tension in their lives.（分数：7.00）(1).In the past, doctors couldn“t do anything about stomach ulcers.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.W
15、rongC.Not mentioned(2).Now doctors can successfully cure stomach ulcers.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Some people are likely to suffer from the stomach pain at some time in their life.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Doctors have discovered a cause of ulcers after many years of
16、experiments.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).There has been a change in doctors“ understanding of the cause of stomach ulcers.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Stomach ulcers can lead to stomach cancer.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).People who eat a lot of spicy food are
17、also susceptible to stomach ulcers.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Rainmaking1 The idea of rainmaking is almost as old as man, but it was not until 1946 that man succeeded in making rain. In ancient times, rainmakers had claimed to bring rain by many methods: d
18、ancing, singing, killing animals (including humans). 2 For a long time, men have understood where rain comes from. Water from the surface of oceans and lakes becomes part of the air, where it forms clouds from which rain falls. But exactly what starts the formation of raindrops was not known until q
19、uite recently. A man named John Aitken proved that drops of water gather around tiny bits of dust or other matter. The centers of the drops are so small that the human eye cannot see them. Without such centers, it seems raindrops do not form. 3 During World War , Dr. Irving Langmir, and his assistan
20、t Schaefer, were hired by the General Electric Company to study how and why ice forms on the wings of airplanes. They went to a mountain in New Hampshire, where snowstorms are common and cold winds blow. They were surprised to find that often the temperature of the clouds surrounding them was far be
21、low the freezing point, and yet ice did not form in the clouds. 4 After the War, Schaefer experimented with a machine that created cold, moist air similar to the air found in clouds. To imitate the moist air of a cloud, Schaefer would breathe into the machine. Then he would drop into the freezer a b
22、it of powder, sugar, or some other substance. For weeks and months he tried everything he could imagine. Nothing happened. No crystals of ice were formed. None of the substances would serve as the center of a snow crystal or raindrops. 5 One July morning, Schaefer was dropping in bits of various sub
23、stances and watching the unsuccessful results. Finally, a friend suggested that they go to eat lunch and Schaefer went with him. As usual, he left the cover of the freezer up, since cold air sinks and would not escape from the box. 6 Returning from lunch, Schaefer found that the temperature of the f
24、reezer had risen to a point higher than that required for ice crystals to remain solid. There were two choices now. He could close the cover and wait for the freezer itself to lower the air temperature, or he could make the process occur faster by adding dry icea gas in solid form that is very, very
25、 cold. He chose the latter plan. As he dropped the steaming white dry ice into the freezer, he happened to breathe out a large amount of air. And there, before his eyes, it happened! He had made ice crystals, not by adding centers to the moisture, but by cooling the breath so much that the liquid ha
26、d to form crystals! Then he began to blow his breath into the freezer and drop large pieces of dry ice through it to create crystals which became a tiny snowstorm falling slowly to the floor of his laboratory. 7 After planning carefully, Schaefer made an experiment by dropping dry ice from his plane
27、 to the clouds below him. As was expected, snow formed and fell from the bottom of the cloud. Schaefer succeeded. He made history.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. Langmir and Schaefer“s Work for the GE Company B. Langmir and Schaefer“s Discovery of Rain-forming C. Men“s Knowledge of Rain-forming D. Sch
28、aefer“s Several Unsuccessful Experiments E. Schaefer“s Discovery by Accident F. Langmir and Schaefer“s Successful Cooperation（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 6 1（分数：1.00）(5).In ancient times, rainmakers tried to make rain for dry lands, but 1. A. imaginative
29、ly B. recently C. carefully D. unscientifically E. accidentally F. satisfactorily（分数：1.00）(6).Schaefer found a way of how to make ice crystals 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Schaefer successfully made a field experiment on rainmaking after planning 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Man did not succeed in making rain until quite 1.（分数
30、：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Prolonging Human LifeProlonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people
31、around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion. Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the re
32、st of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another chi
33、ld. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless the
34、se people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have
35、wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare“ if they have a serious illness. When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be eared for
36、at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although
37、 some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping grounds“ for the dying in which “care“ is given by poorly paid, overworked, and underskilled personnel.（分数：15.00）(1).The writer believes that the population explo
38、sion results from _.（分数：3.00）A.an increase in birthratesB.the industrial developmentC.a decrease in death ratesD.cultural advances(2).It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures _.（分数：3.00）A.it was a moral responsibility to keep old-aged people aliveB.infants could be
39、left dead in times of starvationC.parents had to impart the cultural wisdom of the tribe to their childrenD.death was considered to be freedom from hardships(3).According to the passage, which of the following statements about retired people in the United States is true?（分数：3.00）A.Many of them have
40、a very hard life.B.They cannot live a decent life without enough bank savings.C.They rely mainly on their children for financial support.D.Most of them live with their children and therefore are well looked after.(4).In Paragraph 3, the phrase “this need“ refers to _.（分数：3.00）A.the need to prolong t
41、he lives of old peopleB.the need to enrich the life of the retired peopleC.the need to build profit-making nursing homesD.the need to take care of a sick and weak person(5).Which of the following best describes the writer“s attitude toward most of the nursing homes, and convalescent hospitals?（分数：3.
42、00）A.Sympathetic.B.Unfriendly.C.Optimistic.D.Critical.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly DiabeticsMost old people with so-called type diabetes could stop taking insulin if they would do brisk exercise for 30 minutes just three times a week, according to new medical researc
43、h results reported in the Copenhagen newspaper Berlingske Tidende on Monday. Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen Central Hospital Rigshospitalet“s Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the body“s ability to utilise insulin by 30 percent, the newsp
44、aper reported. This is equal to the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication today, it said. Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type , all more than 60 years of age, exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months. After the three months
45、 the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects“ muscles could utilise as a measure for how well their insulin worked. Associate Professor Dr. Flemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had just as high insulin utilisation as the heal
46、thy non-exercising persons. “This means that the insulin works just as well for both groups. Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes, but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms. At the same time it can put off the point at which they have to begin taking insulin or perhaps completely av
47、oid insulin treatment,“ Dela was quoted as saying. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, controlling sugar in the body and used against diabetes. Dela said that to achieve the desired effect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to work up a sweat, but that the activity
48、 has to be maintained since it wears off after five days without sufficient exercise. Most diabetics realise that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of the importance of exercise, Dela added.（分数：15.00）(1).How could most elderly type diabetics stop taking insulin?（分数：3.00）A.By taki
49、ng more salt than usual.B.By taking less salt than usual.C.By doing brisk exercise for half an hour at least three times a week.D.By going climbing, swimming or boxing every day.(2).Physical exercise may increase the body ability to utilise insulin by _.（分数：3.00）A.70 percentB.30 percentC.60 percentD.only a few percent(3).The subjects of the research tests conducted at the Copenhagen Central Hospital included _.（分数：3.00）A.elderly non-diabetic menB.elderly type diabetic menC.both sexes of all agesD.both A and B(4).To what a degree have diabetics to exercise in o
