1、职称英语卫生类 B级-58 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.These are defensive behavior patterns which Uderive/U from our fears. A. stem B. rely C. develop D. grow（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Only a small minority of the mentally ill are Uliable/U to harm themselves or others. A. easy B. possi
2、ble C. likely D. difficult（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The article Usketched/U the major events of the decade. A. described B. offered C. drew D. presented（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.International applicants are not Ueligible/U for financial aid. A. impressed B. mutual C. qualified D. outraged（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Dont U
3、refuse/U to let me know if there is anything I can do for you. A. turn down B. reflect C. joy D. wait（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.They had a far better Uyield/U than any other farm miles around this year. A. goods B. soil C. climate D. harvest（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.John is Ucrazy/U about pop music. A. sorry B. ma
4、d C. concerned D. worried（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.I didnt have much confidence in my Utalent/U as a film actor. A. wisdom B. gift C. performance D. show（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.It is Uhighly/U unlikely that she will arrive today. A. probably B. very C. hardly D. possibly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.I am feeling Ua lot/U
5、 more healthy than I was. A. many B. no C. much D. some（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Since ancient times people have found various ways to Upreserve/U meat. A. eat B. cook C. freeze D. keep（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.We packed up the things we had accumulated (积累) over the Ulast/U three years and left. A. late B. rec
6、ent C. past D. final（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The expedition reached the Usummit/U at 10:30 that morning. A. bottom of the mountain B. foot of the mountain C. top of the mountain D. starting point（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete Ubreaks/U a previous recor
7、d of performance, A. beats B. destroys C. maintains D. defends（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The president Uproposed/U that we should bring the meeting to a close. A. stated B. said C. suggested D. announced（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Doctor in AmericaSelf-employed private physicians who
8、 charge a fee for each patient visit have been the norm for American medical practice. Most physicians have a contract relationship with one or more hospitals in their community. They refer their patients as needed to the hospital, which usually charges according to the number of days a patient stay
9、s and the facilitiesX-rays, operating rooms, testshe or she uses.Some medical doctors are on salary. Salaried physicians may work as hospital staff members, or residents, who are often still in training. They may teach in medical schools, be hired by corporations to care for their workers or work fo
10、r the federal governments Public Health Service.Physicians are among the best-paid professionals in the United States. In the 1980s, it was not uncommon for medical doctors to earn incomes of more than $100,000 a year. Specialists, particularly surgeons, might earn several times that amount. Physici
11、ans list many reasons why they deserve to be so well rewarded for their work. One reason is the long and expensive preparation required to become a physician in the United States. Most would-be physicians first attend college for four years, which can cost nearly $20,000 a year at one of the best pr
12、ivate institutions. Prospective physicians then attend medical school for four years. Tuition alone can exceed $10,000 a year. By the time they have obtained their medical degrees, many young physicians are deeply in debt. They still face three to five years of residency (住院医生实习期) in a hospital, the
13、 first year as an apprentice physician. The hours are long and the pay is relatively low.Setting up a medical practice is expensive, too. Sometimes several physicians will decide to establish a group practice, so they can share the expense of maintaining an office and buying equipment. These physici
14、ans also take care of each others patients in emergencies.Physicians work long hours and must accept a great deal of responsibility. Many medical procedures, even quite routine ones, involve risk. It is understandable that physicians want to be well rewarded for making decisions which can mean the d
15、ifference between life and death.（分数：7.00）(1).Many physicians in the US are self-employed private physicians. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).No salaried physicians teach in medical schools in the US. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Of all employed physi
16、cians, those hired by corporations are best paid. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Becoming a physician in the US costs considerable time and money. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Physicians in the US are poorly rewarded for their work. A. Right B. Wrong
17、 C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Anyone with a medical degree can set up a medical practice in the US. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).There are more men physicians than women physicians in the US. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：
18、1，分数：8.00)Understanding Autism1. Autism (孤独症) is a life-long developmental disability that prevents individuals from properly understanding what they see, hear, and otherwise sense. This results in severe problems of social relationships, communication, and behavior. Individuals with autism have to
19、painstakingly (费力地) learn normal patterns of speech and communication, and appropriate ways to relate to people, objects, and events, in a similar manner to those who have had a stroke.2. The cause of autism is still unknown. Some research suggests a physical problem affecting those parts of the bra
20、in that process language and information coming in from the senses. There may be some imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain. Genetic (遗传的) factors may sometimes be involved. Autism may indeed result from a combination of several “causes“.3. Most people with mental retardation (智力迟钝的) show rela
21、tively even skill development. Individuals with autism, however, typically show uneven skill development, with deficits (欠缺) in certain areasmost frequently in their ability to communicate and relate to othersand distinct skills in other areas. It is important to distinguish autism from mental retar
22、dation or other disorders, since diagnostic (诊断的) confusion may lead to inappropriate and ineffective treatment techniques.4. In general, individuals with autism perform best at jobs which are structured and involve a degree of repetition. Some people who have autism are working as artists, piano tu
23、ners, painters, farm workers, office workers, computer operators, dishwashers, assembly line workers, or employees of sheltered workshops or other sheltered work settings.（分数：8.00）(1).A. What causes autism? B. How common is autism? C. Does autism occur together with other disabilities? D. What is au
24、tism? E. What kinds of jobs can individuals with autism do? F. What is the difference between autism and mental retardation? Paragraph 1 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. different techniques B. social relations
25、hips and communication C. language and information D. several causes working together E. a degree of repetition F. skill development Individuals with autism are particularly weak at _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).It is possible that autism happens as a result of _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Autism and mental retard
26、ation should be treated with _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).A typical feature of people with autism is their uneven _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Making Light of SleepAll we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock, your internal cl
27、ock runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle, called a circadian (昼夜节奏的，生理节奏的) rhythm, helps control when you wake, when you eat and when you sleep.Somewhere around puberty (青春期), something happens in the timing of the biological clock. The clock pushes forward, so adolescents (青少年的) and teenagers are un
28、able to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you its time for bed, your body may be pushing you to stay up for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.This shift is natural for teenagers. But staying
29、up very late and sleeping late can get your bodys clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems, too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud when they dont get enough sleep, says Mary Carskadon, a sleep
30、 researcher at Brown University in Providence, RI 7. It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.But just like your alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.Scientists have known
31、 for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years, researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the bodys clock were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.But recent discoveries show that the human eye
32、has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether its day or night.（分数：15.00）(1).The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock because _. A. it controls when we wake, when we eat and when we sleep B. it has a cyc
33、le of 24 hours C. it is a cycle also called circadian rhythm D. it can alarm any time during 24 hours（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is implied in the second paragraph? A. Young childrens biological clock has the same rhythm with that of the teenagers. B. People after puberty begin to go to bed earlier du
34、e to the change of the biological clock. C. Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents. D. Teenagers go to bed later than they used to due to the light from the computer screen.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In the third paragraph the author wants to tell the reader that _.
35、A. it is natural for teenagers to stay up late and get up late B. staying up late has a bad effect on teenagers ability to think and learn C. during puberty most teenagers experience a kind of gray cloud D. it is hard for teenagers to get out of bed in the morning（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the fo
36、llowing statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs? A. Our biological clock resets itself automatically. B. light gets through our eyes and resets our biological clock. C. Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically. D. Our internal clock, like t
37、he alarm clock, can be reset.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the last two paragraphs, what did the previous researchers think about the human eyes light-sensing system? A. The human eye had two light-sensing systems. B. The human eye had one light-sensing system. C. The human eye could sense the l
38、ight of day more quickly than the dark of night. D. The human eye could reset our internal clocks in accordance with the alarm clocks.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Walking to Exercise the BrainDo you think sitting and studying all the time will improve your grades? Think again. Getting so
39、me exercise may help, too.New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didnt exercise.Previous research had shown that mice learn, remember, and pay attention better after a few weeks of working out on a running wheel. Mice that exerc
40、ise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who dont. Their brain cells also make more connections.Neuroscientists from the University at Urbana-Champaign wanted to find out if the same thing is true for people. First, they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults, ages 58 to 77, after eac
41、h person walked 1 mile. Then, participants looked at arrows on a computer screen and had to use computer keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing.Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task, and their answers were just as ac curate as their less-fit peers, the resear
42、chers found. The fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their brain responsible for paying attention and making decisions.In a second study, 15 elderly people who completed a 6-month aerobic-training course were faster at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stret
43、ching and toning exercises for the same amount of time.So, even going for a walk every 2 or 3 days for just 10 to 45 minutes can help. That should be good news for your grandparents.The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people havent been studied yet. Still, it cant hurt to take occasio
44、nal study breaks and go for a walk or run around with your friends. You might even do better in school.Whatever you do, though, dont try to read and walk at the same time. You could end up hurting yourself!（分数：15.00）(1).Walking regularly helps elderly people _. A. lose weight B. become happier C. co
45、ncentrate better D. look younger（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).After taking exercise for a few weeks, the mice were found to have _. A. higher blood pressure B. faster heartbeat C. more blood flow to the brain D. better appearance（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The first study on 41 elderly people found _. A. the less-f
46、it participants did arrow tasks faster B. the fitter participants did arrow tasks faster C. the less-fit participants gave more accurate answers D. the fitter participants gave more accurate answers（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be good for health when one takes a walk every 2 or 3 days for at least _.
47、 A. 3 minutes B. 45 minutes C. 30 minutes D. 10 minutes（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It is suggested in the last paragraph that people should _. A. run around once a week B. not read and walk at the same time C. go for a walk every day D. not hurt their friends while exercising（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、B第三篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Look After Your VoiceOften speakers at a meeting experience dry mouths and ask for a glass of water. You can solve the problem by activating the saliva in you mouth. First gently bite the edges of your tongue with your teeth. Or press your ent
