1、职称英语卫生类 B级-57 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.It is no use Udebating/U the relative merits of this policy. A. making B. taking C. expecting D. discussing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The doctor has Uabandoned/U the hope to rescue the old man. A. left B. given up C. turned down D. r
2、efused（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely Uregulate/U or enlarge an old one. A. control B. limit C. replace D. offset（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Have you talked to her Ulately/U? A. lastly B. shortly C. recently D. immediately（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5
3、.During the Second World War, all important resources in the US were Uallocated/U by the Federal government. A. nationalized B. commandeered C. taxed D. distributed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The Usteadily/U rising cost of labor has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water. A. suddenly B. gradua
4、lly C. excessively D. exceptionally（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.We have a responsibility to ensure our nations continued prosperity and the most Usensible/U way to do this is by investment in basic scientific research. A. effective B. efficient C. significant D. reasonable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The police tried U
5、in vain/U to break up the protest crowds in front of the government building. A. unskillfully B. violently C. ineffectively D. eventually（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Thus the most logical Uapproach/U is to focus our analysis on the trade relations of Spain with other European countries. A. reasoning B. conclu
6、sion C. position D. method（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The microscope enables scientists to distinguish an Uincredible/U number and variety of bacteria. A. unavoidable B. unchangeable C. unbelievable D. unpredictable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.He noticed that Joan was studying him closely, but her expression Ugave a
7、way/U nothing of what she was thinking. A. revealed B. disposed C. reminded D. distributed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.You can easily find out the benefits of Uflexible/U working for both you and your employer. A. loose B. effective C. elastic D. resourceful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The growth of part-time and fle
8、xible working pattern allows more women to Utake advantage/U of job opportunities. A. make use of B. catch up with C. cast light on D. get rid of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Most people would agree that, although our age far Usurpasses/U all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no correlative increase
9、in wisdom. A. improves B. precedes C. imposes D. exceeds（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Many students today display a Udisturbing/U willingness to choose institutions and careers on the basis of earning potential. A. offensive B. depressive C. troublesome D. tiresome（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.0
10、0)Sleep Problems Plague the Older SetOlder Americans often have difficulty getting a good nights rest. Its a huge quality-of-life problem, experts say, because contrary to popular belief, seniors require about the same amount of sleep as younger adults.“Sleep problems and sleep disorders are not an
11、inherent (固有的) part of aging,“ said Dr. Harrison G. Bloom, an associate clinical professor of geriatrics (老年病学) and medicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City. “Its pretty much of a myth that older people need less sleep than younger people.“Yet, in a study published recently in
12、 The American Journal of Medicine, researchers found that more than half of older Americans have problems getting the sleep they need.Older people tend to have “sleep fragmentation“, meaning they wake up more often during the night, said study author Dr. Julie Gammck, an assistant professor of medic
13、ine in the Division of Geriatric Medicine at St. Louis University.They also seem to get less “REM“ sleep, the type of sleep during which rapid eye movement occurs, Bloom added.Its unclear what role these naturally occurring changes in sleep patterns have on persons quality of life, Bloom said. “What
14、 is important, though, is that older people often have actual sleep disorders and problems with sleep,“ he said.And, experts say, there is usually more than one cause.“Sleep trouble in older adults is typically associated with acute and chronic illnesses, including specific sleep disorders like slee
15、p apnea (呼吸暂停) and restless leg syndrome that appear with greater frequency in older populations,“ said Michael V. Vitiello, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and associate director of the University of Washingtons Northwest Geriatric Education Center.Taking multiple medications, as
16、many older people do, can also lead to fatigue a “hypersomnia“, or being tired all the time, Bloom added.Another big problem, he noted, is depression and anxiety. “Those are very commonly associated with sleep problems.“Despite the prevalence (流行) of sleep difficulties in older adults, many patients
17、 Arent getting the help they need. As a result, problems like insomnia (失眠), restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea are underdiagnosed and undertreated, Bloom said.（分数：7.00）(1).Sleep problems can seriously affect ones quality of life. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It is true
18、that older people need less sleep than younger people. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Younger people in America seldom complain of sleep disorders. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The number of older Americans with sleep problems is not small. A. Right
19、B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).“Sleep fragmentation“ refers to a marked lack of “REM“ sleep. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).The causes of sleep problems in older people remain unidentified. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Actions will soo
20、n be taken in America to better help people with sleep problems. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)The Drink Your Body Needs Most1. Our bodies are estimated to be about 60% to 70% water. Blood is mostly water, and our muscles, lungs, and brain all co
21、ntain a lot of water. Water is needed to regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients (滋养物) to travel to all our organs. Water also transports oxygen to our cells, removes waste, and protects our joints and organs.2. We lose water through urination (排尿), respiration (呼吸), and by
22、sweating. If you are very active, you lose more water than if you do not take much exercise. Symptoms of mild dehydration (脱水) include chronic pains in joints and muscles, lower back pain, headaches, and constipation (便秘). A strong smell to your urine, along with a yellow color indicates that you ar
23、e not getting enough water. Thirst is all obvious sign of dehydration and in fact, you need water long before you feel thirsty.3. A good rule of thumb (好的做法) is to take your body weight in pounds and divide that number in half. That gives you the number of ounces (盎司) of water per day that you need.
24、 For example, if you weigh 160 pounds, you should drink at least 80 ounces of water per day. If you exercise you should drink another 8 ounce glass of water for every 20 minutes you are active. If you drink coffee or alcohol, you should add at least an equal amount of water. When you are traveling o
25、n an airplane, it is good to have 8 ounces of water for every hour you are on board the plane.4. It may be difficult to drink enough water on a busy day. Be sure you have water handy at all times by keeping a bottle for water with you when you are working, traveling, or exercising. If you get bored
26、with plain water, add a bit of lemon for a touch of flavor. There are some brands of flavored water available, but some of them have sugar or artificial sweeteners that you dont need.（分数：8.00）(1).A. Ounces of Water Needed Per Day B. Importance of Water C. Composition of Water D. Signs of Dehydration
27、 E. Supply of Water F. Necessity for Bringing a Bottle for Water Paragraph 1 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. in your body B. without water C. before long D. for a change E. on a busy day F. to your weight One
28、cannot live _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Dehydration may occur if there is a shortage of water _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The amount of water your body needs per day is related _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Dont forget to drink enough water even _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Ha
29、ppinessHappiness is becoming a huge area in psychological research and even in government policy, with the UK government exploring a “happiness index“. Its tough, though, to define exactly what happiness is, and what makes us happy.There are two broad ways of looking at happiness: short-term happine
30、ss (a great cookie, a boodle of wine) and long-term happiness (financial security, achieving your goals). Both types of happiness are valid, and important. The problem is, theyre often in competition.Lets say youve got a goal of losing 50 pounds this year. You know youd be happier and healthier if y
31、ou werent carrying that extra weight. To achieve long-term happiness, you need to go on a diet. In the short-term, though, its not that easy. A chocolate cake, or a large glass of wine, might seem like just the thing to cheer you up at the end of a long dayor to celebrate with friends. Its the same
32、with lots of other goals.If youve got a tendency to Uprioritize/U long-term happiness at the expense of day-to-day pleasures, you should start looking for some small ways to bring a little joy back into your life. Im not suggesting that you go our and get drunk every night, or that you stuff with ca
33、ke. There are plenty of other ways to enjoy yourself. Dont pin all your hopes of happiness on some far-off future, though. Theres no point working a 60-hour week and making yourself thoroughly miserable in the belief that things will be prefect as soon as youre making a six-figure salary.（分数：15.00）(
34、1).A proper title for the passage is _. A. Happy Thereafter B. Beyond Happiness C. Happiness In, Happiness Out D. Happy Now or in the Future?（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 2 is mainly about _. A. what makes us happy B. how to understand happiness C. how we can be happier D. what happiness can bring
35、us（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The example in Paragraph 3 is meant to emphasize that _. A. both short-term happiness and long-term happiness are important B. we tend to seek short-term happiness instead of long-term happiness C. people prefer long-term happiness to short-term happiness D. short-term happine
36、ss may contradict long-term happiness（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “prioritize“ (last paragraph) probably means _. A. treat something as more important than others B. improve somethings value or quality C. put extra emphasis on something D. look for something that is difficult to find（分数：3.00）A.B.C.
37、D.(5).The author suggests in the last paragraph that sacrificing short-term happiness for long-term happiness _. A. works well B. can be justified C. is not worthwhile D. makes no difference（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)New US Plan for Disease PreventionUrging Americans to take responsibi
38、lity for their health, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer and diabetes (糖尿病)。The initiative highlights the costs of chronic diseasesthe leading
39、causes of death in the United Statesand outlines ways that people can prevent them, including better diet and increased exercise.“In the United States today, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness, disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases,“ the Health and Huma
40、n Services department said in a statement.The causes are often behavioralsmoking, poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.“I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future.“ Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative.“Our curre
41、nt health care system is not structured to deal with the rising costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices.“Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003.“These leading causes of death for men and wo
42、men are largely preventable, yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for US to lead healthier, longer lives,“ he said.The $15 million is designed to go to communities to promote prevention, pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more.Daily exerc
43、ise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes, and prevent cancer and strokes.The money will also go to community organizations, clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can do to prevent i
44、t and encourage more cancer screening.The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening, including Pap tests (巴氏试验) for cervical (子宫颈的) cancer mammograms (乳房 X线照片) for breast cancer, colonoscopies (结肠镜检查), and prostate (前列腺的) checks.If such cancers were all ca
45、ught by early screening, the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US? A. They account for 70%of all deaths. B. They are responsible for most of the health care costs. C. They often resul
46、t in unhealthy lifestyles. D. They are largely preventable.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author mentions all the following ways of disease prevention EXCEPT _. A. better diet B. increased exercise C. less smoking D. more frequent hand washing（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The passage indicates that spending more m
47、oney on disease prevention will mean _. A. greater responsibility of the government B. less need for input into treatment C. higher costs of health care D. more lifestyle choices for people（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The purpose of the $15 million program is to _. A. promote disease prevention B. build more highways C. help poor communities D. wipe out chronic diseases（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Early cancer screening can help reduce significantly _. A. the death rates for all chronic diseases B. the kinds of cancer attacking people C. the incid
