1、职称英语卫生类 B级-53 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.She Uexhibited/U great powers of endurance during the climb. A.played B.sent C.showed D.told（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The Ueternal/U motion of the stars fascinated him. A.long B.never-ending C.boring D.extensive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.It
2、s almost impossible to find him in the Uimmense/U ocean. A.natural B.fatal C.tiny D.enormous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The book made a great Uimpact/U on its readers. A.force B.influence C.surprise D.power（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Accompanied by Ucheerful/U music, we began to dance. A.pleasant B.colorful C.fashion
3、able D.different（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The weather is a constant Usubject/U of conversation in Britain. A.question B.problem C.title D.topic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.This is not Utypical/U of English, but is a feature of the Chinese language. A.particular B.characteristic C.remarkable D.idiomatic（分数：1.00）A.B.C
4、.D.8.It is Uvirtually/U impossible to persuade him to apply for the job. A.simply B.almost C.totally D.completely（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.These are defensive behavior patterns which Uderive/U from our fears. A.stem B.rely C.develop D.grow（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Only a small minority of the mentally ill are Ul
5、iable/U to harm themselves or others. A.easy B.possible C.likely D.difficult（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Can we Uresume/U the meeting? A.stop B.begin C.start D.continue（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The movie has a Usatisfying/U ending. A.pleasing B.sad C.interesting D.horrific（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.He Utended/U his grand
6、mother in the hospital. A.looked for B.took care of C.kept up D.cared for（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Keep your room Utidy/U. A.messy B.organized C.beautiful D.neat（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The bad news Uupset/U me very much. A.disturbed B.saddened C.angered D.disappointed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：
7、7.00)BreakfastStudies show that children who eat breakfast do better in school. It doesnt take much further thought to believe that adults will feel better and perform better at work as well. Whether you work at home, on the farm, at the office, at school, or on the road, it is not a good idea to sk
8、ip (故意略去) breakfast.If we dont eat breakfast, we are likely to become tired when our brains and bodies run low on fuel. By mid-morning, a lot of us grab a cup of coffee, or wolf down a sugary candy bar to wake up again. This might work for a few minutes, but by lunchtime we are hungry, bad-tempered,
9、 and perhaps our mood might make us a little more likely to make unhealthy choices at lunch. Eating a good breakfast sets the tone for the rest of the day.People who eat breakfast are generally more likely to maintain a healthy weight. Many people believe that they will lose weight if they skip meal
10、s, but that isnt a good idea. The body expects to be refueled a few times a day, so start with a healthy breakfast.A healthy breakfast should contain some protein (蛋白质) and some fiber (纤维). Protein can come from meat, eggs, beans, or soy (大豆). Fiber can be found in whole cereals (谷物), grains or in f
11、ruits. A good example of a healthy breakfast might be something simple like a hard boiled egg, an orange, and a bowl of whole grain cereal with soy milk.（分数：7.00）(1).Adults who eat breakfast will perform better at work. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It is okay to skip breakfast
12、 if you work at home. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Men are more likely to skip breakfast than women. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A person who skips breakfast is more likely to eat unhealthily at lunch. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5)
13、.Skipping breakfast is a good strategy for losing weight. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A simple breakfast cannot be a healthy breakfast. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).People who eat breakfast are seldom in a bad mood. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.
14、00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Electromagnetic Energy1. White light seems to be a combination of all colors. The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see. Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light. On a cloudy day it is possible t
15、o get a sunburn even though you feel cool. Visible light and the kinds of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.2. The sun is 93 million miles from the earth. Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space.3. Many other
16、 kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy. Radio, television, and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves. Infrared (红外线的) radiation is an electromagnetic wave. When it is absorbed by matter, heat is produced. Waves of infrared and visi
17、ble light have more energy than waves of radio, television, or radar. Ultraviolet rays (紫外线) and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy. Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for norma
18、l living. Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms. X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel right through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer. X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal, and in medicine to reveal b
19、roken bones.4. Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy. The source of most of our energy is the sun. Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate. When the water falls to the earth as rain, some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators. Other gen
20、erators are powered by coal, but the energy stored in coal came from the sun, too.5. Until recently, the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle. If the sun depended on chemical reactions, it would have used up all its energy long ago. Experiments with electromagn
21、etic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy. About forty years after the theory was proposed, nuclear energy was harnessed (利用) by man. Chemical energy comes from electron (电子) rearrangement. Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom. Compared with chem
22、ical reactions, nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel. We now believe that the suns energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium (氦).6. Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of power to generat
23、e electricity. It is also being used to operate engines in large ships. Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.ANuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Suns EnergyBThe Most Important Source of EnergyCTypes of Electromagnetic EnergyDX-rays Are Used to
24、Detect and Treat CancerESeeking New Sources of EnergyFNuclear Energy Is Beginning to Compete with Coal（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 3 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Aelectromagnetic energy Belectromagnetic energy t
25、ravels through space Ccame from the sun Dwhen a change in the nucleus of an atom takes place Ewhen the sunrays are fierce Fchemical energy is generated Visible light that produce warmth is an example of _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).We can use energy from the sun because _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The energy sto
26、red in coal _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).When electron rearrangement takes place _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Thirst for OilWorldwide every day, we devour the energy equivalent of about 200 million barrels of oil. Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun. In
27、 fact enough energy from the Sun hits the planets surface each minute to cover our needs for an entire year, we just need to find an efficient way to use it. So far the energy in oil has been cheaper and easier to get at. But as supplies dwindle, this will change, and we will need to cure our addict
28、ion to oil.Burning wood satisfied most energy needs until the steam-driven industrial revolution, when energy-dense coal became the fuel of choice. Coal is still used, mostly in power stations, to cover one quarter of our energy needs, but its use has been declining since we started pumping up oil.
29、Coal is the least efficient, unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel, but could make a comeback, as supplies are still plentiful; its reserves are five times larger than oils.Today petroleum, a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth and used to produce petrol, di
30、esel oil and various other chemical substances, provides around 40% of the worlds energy needs, mostly fuelling automobiles. The U.S. consumes a quarter of all oil, and generates a similar proportion of greenhouse gas emissions.The majority of oil comes from the Middle East, which has half of known
31、reserves. But other significant sources include Russia, North America, Norway, Venezuela and the North Sea. Alaskas Arctic National Wildlife Refugel could be a major new U.S. source, to reduce reliance on foreign imports.Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years
32、, though opinions and estimates vary. We could fast reach an energy crisis in the next few decades, when demand exceeds supply. As conventional reserves become more difficult to access, others such as oil shales and tar sands may be used instead. Petrol could also be obtained from coal.Since we star
33、ted using fossil fuels, we have released 400 billion tonnes of carbon, and burning the entire reserves could eventually raise world temperatures by 13. Among other horrors, this would result in the destruction of all rainforests and the melting of all Arctic ice.（分数：15.00）(1).“.we will need to cure
34、our addiction to oil.“ Why does the author say so? A.Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun. B.Oil supply is increasing all the time. C.Demand for oil is increasing all the time. D.Oil supply is decreasing.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the author, acc
35、ording to the second paragraph? A.Wood wets the fuel of choice before coal. B.The use of coal is declining. C.Coal is the most environmentally unfriendly fuel next to oil. D.Coal reserves are plentiful and will be likely to become the major fuel of choice.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which country is the bi
36、ggest consumer of petroleum? A.The United States. B.Russia. C.Norway. D.Venezuela.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What do experts say about the earths fuel reserves? A.The earths fuel reserves will be accessible for the next 50 years. B.There will soon be an energy crisis. C.Conventional reserves will soon bec
37、ome inaccessible. D.Fuel demand will decline.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is NOT the result of consuming fossil fuels according to the last paragraph? A.Rainforests will be destroyed. B.Arctic ice will be melted. C.The earths temperature will be raised. D.The sea level will go up.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二
38、篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Explorer of the Extreme DeepOceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet. Yet, just a small fraction of the underwater world has been explored. Now, scientists at the Woods Hotel Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle that will carr
39、y explorers as deep as 6,500 meters (21,320 feet). The new machine, known as a manned submersible or human-operated vehicle (HOV), will replace another one named Alvin which has an amazing record of discovery, playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions. Alvin has been op
40、erating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters (14,784 feet). Its about time for an upgrade, WHOI researchers say.Alvin was launched in 1964. Since then, Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year, says Daniel Fornari, a marine geologist and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Insti
41、tute at WHOI. During its lifetime, Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a total of more than 3,000 dives. A newer, better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises about a world that is still full of mysteries, Fornari says. It might also make the job of exploration a little easier
42、. “We take so much for granted on land,“ Fornari says. “We can walk around and see with our eyes how big things are. We can see colors, special arrangements.“Size-wise, the new HOV will be similar to Alvin. Itll be about 37 feet long. The setting area inside will be a small sphere, about 8 feet wide
43、, like Alvin, itll carry a pilot and two passengers. It will be just as maneuverable. In most other ways, it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view, for one thing. Alvin has only three windows, the new vehicle will have five, with more overlaps so that the passengers and the pilot
44、 can see the same thing.Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second, and its maximum speed is 2 knots (about 2.3 miles per hour), while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second. Itll reach speeds of 3 knots, or 3.5 miles per hour.（分数：15.00）(1).What
45、is Alvin? A.A research institute. B.A transporting vehicle. C.A submersible. D.A scientist.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin? A.It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters. B.It has played a key role in various important undersea expeditions. C.It wa
46、s launched in the sixties of the twentieth century. D.It has been used for more than 40 years.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).“.a world that is still full of mysteries“ refers to _. A.the earth B.out space C.the ocean D.Mars（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin similar? A.Size. B.Speed
47、. C.Capacity. D.Both A and C.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin different? A.Offering better views. B.Speed. C.Size. D.Both A and B.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、B第三篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Where Have All the Bees Gone?Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands. All across the country, honeybees are leaving their hives and never returning. Researchers call this phenomenon Colony Collapse Disorder. According to surveys of beekeepers across the country, 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the United States have vanished from their hives
