1、职称英语卫生类 B 级-41 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.An introverted person is inclined to be moody.（分数：1.00）A.fancifulB.changeableC.depressedD.gloomy2.The scientist and agricultural innovator George Washington Garver aided the economy of the South by developing hundreds of comme
2、rcial uses for crops such as the peanut.（分数：1.00）A.restoredB.stabilizedC.helpedD.changed3.Eleanor Roosevelts dedication to humanitarian causes won her affection and honor at home and abroad.（分数：1.00）A.on the airB.henceforthC.nearbyD.in foreign countries4.The works of Walt Whitman had a lasting effec
3、t on the development of modern American poetry.（分数：1.00）A.an enduringB.an unknownC.a startlingD.a final5.When a liquid boils,it becomes a gas.（分数：1.00）A.vaporB.dangerC.fuelD.bubble6.Although a newspapers primary function is to inform,special features are usually included for entertainment.（分数：1.00）A
4、.jointlyB.cautiouslyC.commonlyD.intentionally7.Before the invention of photoengraving,steel and copperplate engraving served as the principal means of reproducing illustrations.（分数：1.00）A.visionsB.picturesC.advertisementsD.pages8.By the time he was ten years old,Beniamin Oliver Davis Jr. had already
5、 decided his career would be in the air force.（分数：1.00）A.uniformB.vocationC.educationD.rank9.Project Skylab was designed to demonstrate that a person can work and live in space for prolonged periods without ill effects.（分数：1.00）A.unexpectedB.obviousC.adverseD.immediate10.A dream usually consists of
6、visual images that tell a story.（分数：1.00）A.graphicsB.vaporsC.picturesD.fantasies11.Mary boasted that she would succeed where others had failed.（分数：1.00）A.threatenedB.warnedC.braggedD.joked12.Throughout most of their lives,human beings perpetually learn and increase their mental capacities.（分数：1.00）A
7、.actuallyB.readilyC.finallyD.constantly13.Students working toward a degree in business are likely candidates for careers in the banking industry.（分数：1.00）A.livelyB.friendlyC.promisingD.sophisticated14.The United States is trying to deal with the serious problems brought on by the energy crisis.（分数：1
8、.00）A.dispenseB.copeC.cooperateD.interact15.A fundamental premise of a free-enterprise economic system is that all small businesses face difficult competition.（分数：1.00）A.confrontB.mockC.loseD.appreciate二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Too Polite for WordsA Japanese colleague the other day was talking abo
9、ut a meeting with a man whom she abruptly described using the English word “jerk“. I thought she was toning clown her Japanese for my benefit,so I asked her how to say “jerk“ in Japanese.“Theres no such word,“she answered helplessly. “We have to use “jerk“. Heaven knows its not as if there are no je
10、rks in Japan. But the Japanese language is just not made for sniping at people. At first,I thought maybe my Japanese teachers had been too polite to teach me the real lingo,so I watched to see what Japanese drivers would say to each other after a car accident. It turned out that they say.-“Im sorry.
11、 “Gradually I came to realize that there is perhaps no language so ill suited to invective as Japanese. Linguistically,these guys are wimps.Take the vicious Japanese insult “kisama, “which is deeply offensive. It means : “your honorable self. “Thats right. Instead of using all kinds of dirty words,
12、the Japanese insult each other by frowning and growling:“Your honorable self. “Likewise,a nasty expression for a woman is “ama,“another term not to try with the nice woman at the sushi restaurant. But literally it means “nun“. Sure, sarcasm may be intended, but still most women would probably prefer
13、 to be characterized as a nun than as a female dog.Since people are least inhibited when they are shaking their fists at each other,insults offer a window into a culture. Ive been interested in such terms ever since I arrived in Cairo a dozen years ago to study Arabic and discovered that my name was
14、 a curse. “Nick“ sounds very much like the imperative of an extremely vulgar verb for sex. I would introduce myself in Arabic,and my new acquaintance would flee in horror.Theres no such danger in Japanese. There are explicit terms for sex and for body parts, crude as well as clinical, but they are d
15、escriptive rather than insulting.There is one exception. One of the meanest things one Japanese child can say to another is:“Omaeno kaachan debeso. “That means. “Your moms belly button sticks out. “This has no deep Freudian meaning;it simply means that your mother is rude and ugly.（分数：7.00）(1).The J
16、apanese woman used the English word “jerk“ so as to make it easier for me to understand her.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The Japanese people cannot fully demonstrate their anger because their language is not suitable for sniping at people.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).From t
17、he linguistic perspective,Japanese drivers are cowards.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The Japanese insult each other by showing their respect in an ironic way.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).People in other languages may insult a woman with an expression meaning, literally,“a fe
18、male dog“.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The word “Nick“ in the Arabic language is a curse.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).“Omaeno kaachan debeso“ is different from other nasty expressions in Japanese in that it is insulting both in its literal meaning and in its practical use.（
19、分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)Air Transportation1. Airplanes are used to carry passengers, cargo and mail. Air transport companies operate scheduled airlines and non-scheduled services over local, regional, national, and international routes. The aircraft oper
20、ated by these companies range from small single-engine planes to large multiengine jet transports.2. The first air passenger services began in 1910,when dirigibles began operation between several German cities. The first scheduled airplane service to carry passengers began in the U.S. in 1914. Sever
21、al experimental airmail flights took place in Indi a. Europe,and the United States before World War I,but air transport services did not become a true business until after the war.3. During World War Two,intercontinental air transport became firmly established. After the war the new long-distance tr
22、ansports with advanced facilities were increasingly able to avoid storms and strong wind and make flights more economical and consistent. A new generation of “jumbo-jet“ transports began operations in 1970,and the supersonic transport entered passenger service in 1976.4. During the 1970s the number
23、of domestic passengers on U. S. airlines increased about 78% ,and during the 1980s the figure was up about 58%. In 1990 there were 41.8 million international passengers,the figure was a 75% increase over 1980. The total cargo flown by U. S. airlines almost doubled during the 1980s,from 5.7 billion t
24、o 10.6 billion ton-miles in 1990.5. Major airports provide a wide range of facilities for the convenience of millions of travellers. These range from such basic services as ticket-sales counters and restaurants to luxury hotels,shopping centres and play areas for children. International airports mus
25、t also have customs areas and currency-exchange counters and so on.A. Airport servicesB. Training of pilotsC. Beginning periodD. Rapid growth in the U. S.E. DevelopmentF. Competition（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragr
26、aph 5_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. in the development of air transportation B. the earliest passenger flights were successfully operated C. to make travel easy and pleasant for the passengers D. to provide different services E. the shortage of qualified pilots F. travelling by air was very cheap（分数：4.00）(1)
27、.Air transport companies use different planes 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).The United States was the country where 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The forty years from the 1930s to the 1970s was an important period 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Nowadays airports provide all kinds of services 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(
28、总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)MoviesMovies are the most popular form of entertainment for millions of Americans. They go to the movies to escape their normal everyday existence and to experience a life more exciting than their own. They may choose to see a particular film because they like the
29、actors or because they have heard the film has a good story. But the main reason why people go to the movies is to escape. Sitting in a dark theater, watching the images on the screen, they enter another world that is real to them. They become involved in the lives of the characters in the movie, an
30、d for two hours, they forget all about their own problems. They are in a dream world where things often appear to be more romantic (浪漫的) and beautiful than in real life.The biggest “dream factories“ are in Hollywood, the capital of the film industry. Each year, Hollywood studios make hundreds of mov
31、ies that are shown all over the world. American movies are popular because they tell stories and they are well-made. They provide the public with heroes who do things the average person would like to do but often cant. People have to cope with many problems and much trouble in real life, so they fee
32、l encouraged when they see the “good guys“ win in the movies.（分数：15.00）(1).The Americans go to the movies mainly because they want_.（分数：3.00）A.to enjoy a good storyB.to experience an exciting lifeC.to see the actors and actressesD.to escape their daily life(2).Which of the following is peoples norma
33、l response to the movies they watch?_（分数：3.00）A.They feel that everything on the screen is familiar to them.B.They try to turn their dreams into reality.C.They become so involved that they forget their own problems.D.They are touched by the life stories of the stories of the actors and actresses.(3)
34、.It is obvious that real life is_.（分数：3.00）A.less romantic than that in the moviesB.more romantic than that in the moviesC.as romantic as that in the moviesD.filled with romantic stories(4).The American movies are popular because_.（分数：3.00）A.they are well-made and the stories are interestingB.the ch
35、aracters in the movies are free to do whatever they likeC.the heroes have to cope with many problems and frustrationsD.good guys in the movies always win in the end(5).People enjoy seeing the movies because they_.（分数：3.00）A.are tired of their everyday livesB.feel inspired by the heroic deeds of the
36、good guysC.want to see who win in the endD.have to cope with many problems in their lives六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Prolonging Human LifeProlonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.
37、Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled o
38、r too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, where
39、as if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which
40、 require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illne
41、sses than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare“ if they have a serious illness.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and
42、 in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built
43、. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping grounds“ for the dying in which “care“ is given by poorly paid, overworked, and underskilled personnel.（分数：
44、15.00）(1).The writer believes that the population explosion results from_.（分数：3.00）A.the industrial developmentB.an increase in birthratesC.cultural advancesD.a decrease in death rates(2).It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures_.（分数：3.00）A.infants could be left dea
45、d in times of starvationB.it was a moral responsibility to keep old-aged people aliveC.death was considered to be freedom from hardshipsD.parents had to impart the cultural wisdom of the tribe to their children(3).According to the passage, which of the following statements about retired people in th
46、e United States is true?_（分数：3.00）A.They cannot live a decent life without enough bank savings.B.Many of them have a very hard life.C.Most of them live with their children and therefore are well looked after.D.They rely mainly on their children for financial support.(4).In Paragraph 3, the phrase “
47、this need“ refers to_.（分数：3.00）A.the need to enrich the life of the retired peopleB.the need to prolong the lives of old peopleC.the need to take care of a sick and weak peopleD.the need to build profit-making nursing homes(5).Which of the following best describes the writers attitude toward most of
48、 the nursing homes, and convalescent hospitals?_（分数：3.00）A.Unfriendly.B.Sympathic.C.Critical.D.Optimisti七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Moms Traffic AccidentsThey bicycling craze came in when we were just about at the right age to enjoy it. At first even “safety“ bicycles were too dangerous and improper for la
49、dies to ride,and they had to have tricycles. My mother had(I believe) the first female tricycle in Cambridge;and I had a little one,and we used to go out for family rides,all together;my father in front on a bicycle,and my poor brother Charles standing miserable on the bar behind my mother. I found it very hard work,pounding away on my hard tyres;a glorious, but not a pl
