1、职称英语卫生类 B 级-40 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Pearl fishing,or the search for pearlbearing oysters,takes place in shallow waters.（分数：1.00）A.is taughtB.occursC.is prohibitedD.starts2.The concert was called off due to the storm.（分数：1.00）A.recommendedB.demandedC.amendedD.can
2、celled3.Jumping spiders have excellent eyesight and can see their prey from a distance twenty times their own length.（分数：1.00）A.victimB.targetC.nestD.prize4.The department chairman refused to authorize the requisition.（分数：1.00）A.requestB.transferC.grantD.project5.Although a herd of African elephants
3、 may have up to one thousand members,Asiatic elephants live in bands of five to sixty animals.（分数：1.00）A.as many asB.more thanC.fewer thanD.at least6.Some abnormal human behavior may be caused by eating substances that upset delicate chemical balances in the brain.（分数：1.00）A.nourishB.favorC.preventD
4、.disturb7.The boats of the earliest voyagers to the North American continent were exceptionally well built.（分数：1.00）A.shoesB.plowsC.barnsD.ships8.Good health is a familys most valued possession.（分数：1.00）A.noticeableB.usefulC.costlyD.precious9.Machine tools vary in size from handheld devices used for
5、 drilling and grinding to large stationary machines that perform a number of different operations.（分数：1.00）A.existB.expandC.compareD.range10.Before the Civil War, Frederick Douglass editorials for the North Star urged respect for the rights of all people.（分数：1.00）A.advocatedB.createdC.foresawD.grant
6、ed11.Even with detailed knowledge about an area, geologists cannot easily locate stores of underground natural gas.（分数：1.00）A.varietiesB.mapsC.suppliesD.shops12.Penicillin was discovered by chance in 1928.（分数：1.00）A.finallyB.accidentallyC.experimentallyD.opportunely13.Your plan will call for a lot o
7、f money.（分数：1.00）A.acquireB.requireC.remindD.degrade14.There are fossil remains of dinosaurs In the rocky strata of every continent.（分数：1.00）A.layersB.areasC.peaksD.canyons15.Numerous parallels exist between Ernest Hemingways life and the lives of his characters.（分数：1.00）A.studiesB.problemsC.similar
8、itiesD.biases二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Bees and ColourOn our table in the garden we put a blue card, and all around this blue card we put a number of different grey cards. These grey cards are of all possible shades of grey and include white and black. On each card a watch-glass is placed. The wat
9、ch-glass on the blue card has some syrup(果汁) in it,all the others are empty. After a short time bees find the syrup,and they come for it again and again. Then,after some hours,we take away the watch-glass of syrup which was on the blue card and put an empty one in its place.Now what do the bees do?
10、They still go straight to the blue card, although there is no syrup there. They do not go to any of the grey cards, in spite of the fact that one of the grey cards is of exactly the same brightness as the blue card. Thus the bees do not mistake any shade of grey for blue. In this way we have proved
11、that they do really see blue as a colour.We can find out in just the same way what other colours bees can see. It turns out that bees can see various colours, but these insects differ from us as regards their colour-sense in two very interesting ways. Suppose we train bees to come to a red card, and
12、, having done so, we put the red card on the table in the garden among the set of different grey cards. This time we find that the bees mistake red for dark grey or black. They cannot distinguish between them. This means that red is not a colour at all for bees;for them it is just dark grey or black
13、.That is one strange fact;here is another. A rainbow is red on one edge,violet on the other. Outside the violet of the rainbow there is another colour which we cannot see at all. This colour beyond the violet ,invisible to us, is called the uItra-violet. Although it is invisible, we know that the ul
14、tra-violet is there because it affects a photographic plate. Now, although we are unable to see ultra-violet light , bees can do so;for them ultra-violet is a colour. Thus bees see a colour which we cannot even imagine. This has been found out by training bees to come for syrup to various parts of a
15、 spectrum, or artificial rainbow, thrown by a prism on a table in a dark room. In such an experiment the insects can be taught to fly to the ultra-violet, which for us is just darkness.（分数：7.00）(1).The experiment with bees described in the first and second paragraphs tell us that bees regard blue as
16、 a colour.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The third paragraph tells us that bees also regard red as a colour.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The experiment described in the second paragraph aimed to find out that bees are not able to see grey as a eolour.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.
17、Not mentioned(4).An artificial rainbow was created for the experiment to see whether bees can recognize the ultra-violet as a colour.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The fourth paragraph tells us that bees may be harmed by ultra-violet light.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).We can
18、conclude from the passage that bees recognize colours in the same way as human beings.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Bees are more sensitive to colours than human beings.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)Stanford University1 Stanford University,famous
19、as one of northern Californias several institutions of higher learning,is sometimes called “the Harvard of the West. “The closeness of Stanford to San Francisco,a city thirty-two miles to the north, gives the university a decidectly cosmopolitan flavor.2 The students are enrolled mainly from the wes
20、tern United States. But most of the fifty states send students to Stanford,and many foreign students study here,as well. And standards for admission remain high. Young men and women are selected to enter the university from the upper fifteen percent of their high school classes.3 Not only because of
21、 the high caliber of its students But also Because of the desirable location and climate,Stanford has attracted to its facuhy some of the worlds most respected scholars. The university staff has included many Nobel Prize winners such as Dr. Felix Bloch,Dr. Robert Hofstadter,and Dr. William Shockley
22、in physics,Dr. Author Kornberg and Dr. Joshua Lederberg in medicine,and Dr. Paul J. Flory and Dr. Linus Pauling in chemistry. The Russian novelist Aleksandr SoIzhenistsyn has Been in residence. Stanfords undergraduate school of engineering and its graduate schools of business,law, and medicine are e
23、specially well-regarded.4 What is student life like on “The Farm“? Cuhurally, the campus is a magnet for Both students and citizens of nearby communities. Plays, concerts, and operas are performed in the universitys several auditoriums and in its outdoor theater , where graduations are also held. Se
24、veral film series are presented during the school year. Guest lecturers from public and academic life frequently appear on campus. In the evenings, many students gather to socialize in the Student Unions coffee house;here the Beverages and the atmosphere both have a decidedly European flavor. For th
25、e sports-minded, the Stanford campus offers highly developed athletic facilities. Team sports, swimming, and track and field activity are all very much part of the Stanford picture. So are bicycling and jogging.5 In addition to financial support from alumni,Stanford receives grants from the governme
26、nt and from private philanthropic foundations. In recent years,government grants have made possible advanced studies in the fields of history, psychology, education, and atomic energy. At presents Stanford is carrying out an ambitious building program,financed in part by the Ford Foundations 25 mill
27、ion grant. Recently added to the campus are a new physics building, new school of business,new graduate school of law,new student union,and undergraduate library. A. Colorful life on the campus B. Intelligent student body C. School administration D. Distinguished faculty E. Substantial financial sup
28、port F. The Harvard of the West（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. they can find the best students B. the universitys academic advancement and physical extension C. some of the most distinguished
29、 scholars of the world D. where a sports meet is held every year E. must have been the top students in their class F. must be hardworking（分数：4.00）(1).Those high school graduates who can enter Stanford University 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Many professors like to teach in this university partly because he
30、re 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).On the faculty of the university there are 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Financial support from both private organizations and the government has made possible 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Late-night DrinkingCoffee lovers beware. Having a quick
31、“pick-me-up“ cup of coffee1 late in the day will play havoc with your sleep. As well as being a stimulant, caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin, the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep.Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 a.
32、m. and 4 a. m. , before falling again. “Its the neurohormone that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,“ says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated
33、coffee halves the bodys levels of this sleep hormone.Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decal. On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night af
34、ter drinking caffeinated coffee, compared with 415 minutes after decal. They also took half an hour to drop off-twice as long as usual-and jigged around in bed twice as much.In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers wolfe the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine s
35、ample. Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decal drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicinc, the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the en
36、zyme that drives melatonin production.Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decal after lunch.（分数：15.00）(1).The author mentions “pick-me-up“ to indicate that_.（分数：3.00）A.melatonin levels need to be raisedB.neurohormone can
37、wake us upC.coffee is a stimulantD.decal is a caffeinated coffee(2).Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?_（分数：3.00）A.Caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that stops melatonin production.B.Caffeine interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleeping.C.Caffe
38、ine halves the bodys levels of sleep hormone.D.Caffeine stays in the body for many hours.(3).What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss?（分数：3.00）A.Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep.B.Different findings of Lotan Shilo and a team about caffeine.C.The fact that the subjects slept 415
39、 minutes per night after drinking decaf.D.The evidence that the subjects took half an hour to fall asleep.(4).What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove?_（分数：3.00）A.There are more enzymes in decaf drinkers urine sample.B.There are more melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers urine
40、 sample.C.Decaf drinkers produce less melatonin.D.Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormon(5).The author of this passage probably agrees that_.（分数：3.00）A.coffee lovers sleep less than those who do not drink coffeeB.we should not drink coffee after supperC.people sleep more soundly at midnight tha
41、n at 3a. m.D.if we feel sleepy at night, we should go to bed immediately六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Sleep Lets Brain File MemoriesTo sleep. Perchance to file? Findings published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and s
42、tows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzzs.Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers university and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically, they examined the electrical activity emanating from the somatosensory neocortex (an area that pro
43、cesses sensory information) and the hippocampus, which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillation in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined. So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex) were followed tens of milliseconds later by
44、 beats in the hippocampus known as ripples. The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation.A second study, also published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, links age-associated memory decline to high gluc
45、ose levels.Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased memory problems. In the new work, Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels, which tend to i
46、ncrease with age, affect memory in healthy people as well. The scientists administered recall tests, brain scans and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the bodys tissues. Subjects with the poorest memory recollection, the team discovered, also disp
47、layed the poorest glucose tolerance. In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar.“Our study suggests that this impairment may contribute to the memory deficits that occur as people age. “ Convit says. “And it raises the in
48、triguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition“ Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check, so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements is nearest in meaning to
49、the sentence “To sleep. Perchance to file“?_（分数：3.00）A.Does brain have memories when one is sleeping?B.Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep?C.Does brain work on files in sleep?D.Does brain remember files after one fails asleep?(2).What is the result of the experiment with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers University?_（分数：3.00）A.Oscillations in brain waves are
