1、职称英语卫生类 B 级-3 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Gambling is lawful in Nevada.（分数：1.00）A.popularB.boomingC.legalD.profitable2.We can no longer put up with his actions.（分数：1.00）A.bearB.acceptC.supportD.oppose3.The governor gave a rather vague outline of his tax plan.（分数：1.0
2、0）A.unclearB.firmC.shortD.neat4.Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.（分数：1.00）A.abuseB.flavorC.temptationD.consumption5.These programmes are of immense value to old people.（分数：1.00）A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.enormous6.A great deal has been done to remedy the situation.（分数：1.00）A.maintainB.improveC.ass
3、essD.protect7.These are their motives for doing it.（分数：1.00）A.reasonsB.excusesC.answersD.plans8.Loud noises can be irritating.（分数：1.00）A.confusingB.interestingC.stimulatingD.annoying9.It took us a long time to mend the house.（分数：1.00）A.buildB.destroyC.designD.repair10.There is no risk to public heal
4、th.（分数：1.00）A.pointB.dangerC.chanceD.hope11.I dont quite follow what she is saying.（分数：1.00）A.believeB.understandC.explainD.accept12.Did anyone call me when I was out?（分数：1.00）A.inviteB.nameC.answerD.phone13.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.（分数：1.00）A.twistsB.stretchesC.broade
5、nsD.bends14.It is obvious that he will win the game.（分数：1.00）A.likelyB.possibleC.clearD.strange15.That player is eternally arguing with the referee.（分数：1.00）A.desperatelyB.constantlyC.eventuallyD.extensively二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。BBreakfast/BStudies sh
6、ow that children who eat breakfast do better in school. It doesnt take much further thought to believe that adults will feel better and perform better at work as well. Whether you work at home, on the farm, at the office, at school, or on the road, it is not a good idea to skip (故意略去) breakfast.If w
7、e dont eat breakfast, we are likely to become tired when our brains and bodies run Iow on fuel. By mid-morning, a lot of us grab a cup of coffee, or wolf down a sugary candy bar to wake up again. This might work for a few minutes, but by lunchtime we are hungry, bad-tempered, and perhaps our mood mi
8、ght make us a little more likely to make unhealthy choices at lunch. Eating a good breakfast sets the tone for the rest of the day.People who eat breakfast are generally more likely to maintain a healthy weight. Many people believe that they will lose weight if they skip meals, but that isnt a good
9、idea. The body expects to be refueled a few times a day, so start with a healthy breakfast.A healthy breakfast should contain some protein (蛋白质) and some fiber (纤维). Protein can come from meat, eggs, beans, or soy (大豆). Fiber can be found in whole cereals (谷物), grains or in fruits. A good example of
10、 a healthy breakfast might be something simple like a hard boiled egg, an orange, and a bowl of whole grain cereal with soy milk.（分数：7.00）(1).Adults who eat breakfast will perform better at work.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(2).It is okay to skip breakfast if you work at home.（分数：1.00）
11、A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(3).Men are more likely to skip breakfast than women.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(4).A person who skips breakfast is more likely to eat unhealthily at lunch.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(5).Skipping breakfast is a good strategy for losin
12、g weight.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(6).A simple breakfast cannot be a healthy breakfast.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned(7).People who eat breakfast are seldom in a bad mood.（分数：1.00）A.ARight B.BWrong C.CNot mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务
13、：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 14 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。BThe Drink Your Body Needs Most/B1 Our bodies are estimated to be about 60 to 70% water. Blood is mostly water, and our muscles, lungs, and brain all contain a lot of water. Water is needed to regulate body te
14、mperature and to provide the means for nutrients (滋养物)to travel to all our organs. Water also transports oxygen to our cells, removes waste, and protects our joints and organs.2 We lose water through urination (排尿), respiration (呼吸), and by sweating. If you are very active, you lose more water than
15、if you do not take much exercise. Symptoms of mild dehydration (脱水) include chronic pains in joints and muscles, lower back pain, headaches, and constipation (便秘). A strong smell to your urine, along with a yellow color indicates that you are not getting enough water. Thirst is an obvious sign of de
16、hydration and in fact, you need water long before you feel thirsty.3 A good rule of thumb (好的做法) is to take your body weight in pounds and divide that number in half. That gives you the number of ounces (盎司) of water per day that you need. For example, if you weigh 160 pounds, you should drink at le
17、ast 80 ounces of water per day. If you exercise you should drink another 8-ounce glass of water for every 20 minutes you are active. If you drink coffee or alcohol, you should add at least an equal amount of water. When you are traveling on an airplane, it is good to have 8 ounces of water for every
18、 hour you are on board the plane.4 It may be difficult to drink enough water on a busy day. Be sure you have water handy at all times by keeping a bottle for water with you when you are working, traveling, or exercising. If you get bored with plain water, add a bit of lemon for a touch of flavor. Th
19、ere are some brands of flavored water available, but some of them have sugar or artificial sweeteners that you dont need.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).One cannot live_.Ain your body（分数：1.00
20、）填空项 1:_(6).Dehydration may occur if there is a shortage of water_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The amount of water your body needs per day is closely related_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Dont forget to drink enough water even_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每道题后面有 4 个选项。请根据文章的
21、内容，从每题所给的 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案。B第一篇/BBExercise Lowers Employers Health Costs/BCompanies can save millions in health-care costs simply by encouraging their employees to exercise a little bit, researchers reported on Friday.They said obese (肥胖的) employees had higher health-care costs, but lowered those ex
22、penses by exercising just a couple of times a week without even losing any weight.Feifei Wang and colleagues at the University of Michigan studied 23,500 workers at General Motors.They estimated that getting the most sedentary (惯于久坐的) obese workers to exercise would have saved about $790,000 a year,
23、 or about 1.5I percent of health-care costs for the whole group.Company-wide, the potential savings could reach $7.1 million per year, they reported in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.Of the whole group of workers, about 30 percent were of normal weight, 45 percent were overwe
24、ight (超重的), and 25 percent were obese. Annual health-care costs averaged $2,200 for normal weight, $2,400 for the overweight, and $2,700 for obese employees.But among workers who did no exercise, health-care costs went up by at least $100 a year, and were $3,000 a year for obese employees who were s
25、edentary.But adding two or more days of light exercise at least 20 minutes of exercise or work hard enough to increase heart rate and breathing lowered costs by on average $500 per employee a year, the researchers found.“This indicates that physical activity behavior could reduce at least some of th
26、e harmful effects of excess body fat, and in consequence, help lower the health-care costs,“ Wang and colleagues wrote.（分数：15.00）(1).How can employees help lower the health-care costs?（分数：3.00）A.By taking more rest.B.By eating less.C.By exercising a little bit.D.By saving more money.(2).By encouragi
27、ng its employees to exercise General Motors could save（分数：3.00）A.$790,000 per year.B.$7.1 million per year.C.$3,000 per year.D.$7,300 per year.(3).How many workers in General Motors were NOT of normal weight?（分数：3.00）A.Seventy percent.B.Thirty percent.C.Forty-five percent.D.Twenty-five percent.(4).F
28、or which group of the workers were the health-care costs the highest?（分数：3.00）A.The employees of normal weight.B.The overweight employees.C.The obese employees.D.The sedentary obese employees.(5).How often should the employees exercise to help lower the health-care costs?（分数：3.00）A.At least seven da
29、ys a week.B.At least twenty minutes a week.C.At least twice a week.D.At least once a week.B第二篇/BBMedical Education/BIn 18th-century colonial America, those who wanted to become physicians either learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the traditional sc
30、hools of London, Paris, and Edinburgh. Medicine was first taught formally by specialists at the University of Pennsylvania, beginning in 1765, and in 1767 at Kings College (now Columbia University), the first institution in the colonies to give the degree of doctor of medicine. Following the America
31、n Revolution, the Columbia medical faculty (formerly of Kings College) was combined with the College of Physicians and Surgeons, chartered in 1809, which survives as a division of Columbia University.In 1893, the Johns Hopkins Medical School required ail applicants to have a college degree and was t
32、he first to afford its students the opportunity to further their training in an attached teaching hospital. The growth of medical schools attached with established institutions of learning went together with the development of proprietary (私营的) schools of medicine run for personal profit, most of wh
33、ich had low standards and poor facilities. In 1910, Abraham Flexner, the American education reformer, wrote Medical Education in the United States and Canada, exposing the poor conditions of most proprietary schools. Subsequently, the American Medical Association (AMA) and the Association of America
34、n Medical Colleges (AAMC) laid down standards for course content, qualifications of teachers, laboratory facilities, connection with teaching hospitals, and licensing of medical practitioners (开业医师) that survive to this day.By the late 1980s the U.S. and Canada had 1424-year medical colleges recogni
35、zed by the Liaison (联络) Committee on Medical Education to offer the M.D. degree; during the 1987-88 academic year, 47,262 men and 25,686 women entered these colleges and an estimated 11,752 men and 5,958 women were graduated. Graduates, after a year of internship (实习期), receive licenses to practice
36、if they pass an examination given either by a state board or by the National Board of Medical Examiners.（分数：15.00）(1).In 18th-century America, higher institutions of learning that taught medicine（分数：3.00）A.did not exist.B.were few in number.C.were better than those in Europe.D.were known for their t
37、eaching hospitals.(2).Initially most proprietary schools of medicine in America（分数：3.00）A.had established professionals.B.had good facilities.C.had high standards.D.were in poor conditions.(3).The AMA and AAMC established standards so as to（分数：3.00）A.recruit more students.B.set up more schools of me
38、dicine.C.ensure the quality of medical teaching and practice.D.prevent medical schools from making huge profits.(4).After a year of internship medical graduates can start to practice（分数：3.00）A.if they have worked in a laboratory.B.if they have studied abroad for some time.C.if they have obtained an
39、M.D. degree.D.if they have passed an examination.(5).This passage is mainly about（分数：3.00）A.how medicine is taught in America.B.how medical education has developed in America.C.how the American educational system works.D.how one can become a good doctor.B第三篇/BBMore Than a Ride to School/BThe Nationa
40、l Education Association claims, “The school bus is a mirror of the community.“ They further add that, unfortunately, what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen community. They are right sometimes it reflects more! Just ask Liesl Denson. Riding the school bus has bee
41、n more than a ride to school for Liesl.Bruce Hardy, school bus driver for Althouse Bus Company has been Liesls bus driver since kindergarten. Last year when Liesls family moved to Parkesburg, knowing her bus went by her new residence, she requested to ride the same bus.This year Liesl is a senior an
42、d will enjoy her last year riding the bus. She says, “Its been a great ride so far! My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listener. Sometimes when youre a child adults do not think that what you have to say is important. Mr. Hardy always listens to what you have to sa
43、y and makes you feel important.“ Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree.Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975. This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Company. Larry Althouse, president of the company, acknowledges Bruce Hardys outstan
44、ding record: “You do not come by employees like Bruce these days. He has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving record. He was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350,000 accident free miles. Hardys reputation is made further evident through the re
45、lationships he has made with the students that ride his bus.“Althouse further adds, “Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever since. My grandfather started the business with one bus. Althouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity
46、 to bring distinctive and safe service to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come.“Three generations of business is not all the company has enjoyed. Thanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy, they have been building relationships
47、 through generations. Liesrs mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardys bus to the Octorara School .District.（分数：15.00）(1).The word “mirror“ in the first line could be best replaced by（分数：3.00）A.“vehicle“.B.“device“.C.“need“.D.“reflection“.(2).Bruce Hardy has been working with Alt
48、house Bus Company（分数：3.00）A.for 30 years.B.for 70 years.C.since last year.D.since 2000.(3).Which of the following statements is NOT true of Bruce Hardy?（分数：3.00）A.He is popular with his passengers.B.He has never missed a day of work.C.He is an impatient person.D.He has driven 350,000 accident free miles.(4).Althouse Bus Company was founded by（分数：3.00）A.Larry Althouse.B.Althouses grandfather.C.Liesls mother.D.Ashley Batista.(5).Althouse Bus Company pays much attention to（分数：3.00）A.employing young drivers.B.running quality schools.C.providing free driving lessons.D.building
