1、职称英语卫生类 B级-37 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.They are endeavoring to charge society as a whole. A. trying B. working C. doing D. making（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The firm of Bonnin and Morris in Philadelphia was probably the first American company to manufacture porcelain. A. silv
2、erware B. crystal C. china D. linen（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Other women seemed contented and they even exhibited their bellies with pride. A. demonstrated B. uncovered C. spread D. showed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Her novel depicts a futuristic Americ a.A. writesB. sketchesC. describesD. indicates（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D
3、.5.Fluoride deters tooth decay by reducing the growth of bacteria that destroy tooth enamel. A. facilitates B. overwhelms C. inhibits D. loosens（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.She has consolidated her power. A. strengthened B. won C. hardened D. united（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.She is very conscientious about her work.
4、A. worried B. careful C. anxious D. nervous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The drinking water is contaminated with impurities. A. blackened B. polluted C. darkened D. mixed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress. A. despair B. difficulties C. need D. danger（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.T
5、he old concerns lose importance and some of them vanish altogether. A. develop B. disappear C. linger D. renew（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Your eternal boasting annoys everyone. A. unchangeable B. everlasting C. boring D. monotonous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The chemical is lethal to rats but safe to cattle. A. tox
6、ic B. harmful C. deadly D. contagious（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Gunpowder was used extensively in firearms prior to 1990. A. in B. around C. from D. before（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.We packed up the things I had accumulated over the last three years and left for good. A. close B. near C. past D. final（分数：1.00）A.B
7、.C.D.15.In the United States educational system, intermediate school is the transitional phase between the primary grades and high school. A. stage B. notion C. pattern D. alternative（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Breast Cancer Deaths Record LowThe number of women dying from breast canc
8、er has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began.The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11,990 women died in the UK in 2007.The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1971the year records began after which it rose steadily year by year until
9、the late 1980s.Professor Peter Johnson, Cancer Research UKs chief clinician said, “Its incredibly encouraging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years, despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often.“Research has played a crucial role in this progress l
10、eading to improved treatments and better management for women with the disease.“The introduction of the NHS (国民保健制度) breast screening program has also contributed as women are more likely to survive the earlier cancer is diagnosed.“Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45,500 wo
11、men every year diagnosed with the disease, a 50% rise in 25 years.The number of deaths peaked in 1989, when 15,625 women died. It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004.There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two years of falls.Dr Sarah Cant, policy manager at Breakthrough Bre
12、ast Cancer, said, “It is great news that fewer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments, breast screening and awareness of the disease.“However, this is still too many women and incidence of the disease is increasing year by year.“The rising rate of breast
13、cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity (肥胖) and alcohol consumption.（分数：7.00）(1).11,990 women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2007.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Breast cancer deaths began to be recorded in the UK in 1971.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC
14、.Not mentioned(3).The rate of breast cancer diagnosis in the UK has been dropping.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Breast cancer can come back 10 years after you were first diagnosed.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Breast cancer is more common in the UK than in many other countrie
15、s.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Fewer women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2005 than in 2004.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Obesity and alcohol consumption may also lead to some other diseases.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)Hurrican
16、es1 Did you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers. The first names ware simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. But in 1953, female names were given because of the unpredictability factor of the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist nature of such named, the lists
17、 were expanded to include both men and women.2 Hurricanes and typhoons are the same things. If they form in the Atlantic, we call these strong storms hurricanes, from the West Indian word hurricane, meaning “big wind.“ And if they are pacific storms, they are called typhoons from the Chinese tailfin
18、, meaning “great wind.“ To be classified as a hurricane, the storm must have maximum winds of at least 75 mph. These storms are big, many hundreds of miles in diameter.3 Hurricanes get their power from water vapor as it gives out its stored-up energy. All water vapor gives out heat as it condenses f
19、rom a gaseous state to a liquid state over fixed points on the equator. To make a hurricane, you must have extremely wet, warm air, the kind of air that can only be found in tropical regions.4 Scientists have determined that the heat given out in the process of water condensation can be as high as 9
20、5 billion kilowatts per hours. In just one day alone, the storm can produce more energy than many industrialized nations need in an entire year! The problem is that we dont know how to make such great energy work for us.5 Predicting the path of a hurricane is one of the most difficult tasks for fore
21、casters, it moves at a typical speed of 15 mph. But not always. Some storms may race along at twice this speed, then suddenly stop and remain in the same location in the ocean for several days. It can be maddening if you live in a coastal area that may be hit.6 The biggest advance in early detection
22、 is continuous watch from weather satellites. With these, we can see the storms form and track them fully, from birth to death. While they can still kill people and destroy property, hurricanes will never surprise any nation again. A. A Short History of Naming Hurricanes B. Harnessing the Hurricane
23、Energy C. Difficulty in Forecasting the Course of a Hurricane D. Huge Energy Stored in a Hurricane E. Forecast a Hurricane Through Satellite Watching F. No Much Difference Between Hurricane and Typhoon（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填
24、空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. timely discovery of hurricane B. convenience C. sex equality D. its connection with humans E. huge power F. uncertainty（分数：4.00）(1).The main consideration of using males and females names for hurricanes is 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Using weather satellites can e
25、nsure 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).From the passage we may rightly deduce that energy specialists may be interested in the hurricanes 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Scientists cannot predict the course of a hurricane accurately due to its 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)GypsiesWhen
26、 school was out, I hurried to find my sister and get out of the schoolyard before seeing anybody in my class. But Barbara and her friends had beaten us to the playground entrance and they seemed to be waiting for us. Barbara said, “So now youre in the A class. “ She sounded impressed. “Whats the A c
27、lass?“ I asked. Everybody made superior yet faintly envious giggling sounds. “Well, why did you think the teacher moved you to the front of the room, dopey? Didnt you know you were in the C class before, way in the back of the room?“ Of course I hadnt known. The Wenatchee fifth grade was bigger than
28、 my whole school which had been in North Dakota, and the idea of subdivisions within a grade had never occurred to me. The subdividing for the first marking period had been done before I came to the school, and 1 had never, in the six weeks Id been there, talked to anyone long enough to find out abo
29、ut the A, B, and C classes.I still could not understand why that had made such a difference to Barbara and her friends. I didnt yet know that it was shameful and dirty to be a transient laborer and ridiculous to be from North Dakota. I thought living in a tent was more fun than living in a house.I d
30、idnt know that we were gypsies, really (how that thought would have excited me then!), and that we were regarded with the suspicion felt by those who plant toward those who do not plant. It didnt occur to me that we were all looked upon as one more of the untrustworthy natural phenomena, drifting he
31、re and there like mists or winds. I didnt know that I was the only child who had camped on the Baumanns land ever to get out of the C class. I didnt know that school administrators and civic leaders held conferences to talk about the problem of transient laborers.I only knew that for two happy days
32、I walked to school with Barbara and her friends, played hopscotch and jumped rope with them at class intervals, and was even invited into the house for some ginger alea strange drink I had never tasted before.（分数：15.00）(1).The tone of this passage as a whole is_.（分数：3.00）A.reflectiveB.enthusiasticC.
33、impersonalD.defensive(2).The narrator had most probably been placed in the C class because_.（分数：3.00）A.she was a poor readerB.she had come from a small schoolC.the marking system confused herD.all children of transient laborers were placed in the class(3).The basic reason why the people in the commu
34、nity distrusted the transient workers was that the transient workers_.（分数：3.00）A.tended to be lawbreakersB.had little schoolingC.were afraid of strangersD.were temporary residents(4).Which of the following is not characteristic of Gypsies?（分数：3.00）A.Wandering around the worldB.Make ginger ale in the
35、ir house.C.Never plant something.D.Had been foreigners wherever they go.(5).Immediately after the narrator was moved to the A class, what was the attitude of Barbara and Barbaras friends towards her?（分数：3.00）A.DislikeB.AcceptanceC.ApologyD.Jealousy六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Flu doesScratchy throats, stuff
36、y noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu, and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apa
37、rt. Thats because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come.The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause
38、 cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses-flu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine (疫苗), which is, for most people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA.But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Althou
39、gh the flu and common cold have many similarities, there are some obvious signs to look for.Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of
40、the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms.The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to ca
41、ll the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms.Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome (综合症), a rare but serious condit
42、ion of the liver and central nervous system.There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold but frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of catching one.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the author, knowing the cause of the misery will help_.
43、（分数：3.00）A.shorten the duration of the illnessB.the patient buys medicine over the counterC.the patient obtain cheaper prescription drugsD.prevent people from catching colds and the flu(2).We learn from the passage that_.（分数：3.00）A.one doesnt need to take any medicine if he has a cold or the fluB.as
44、pirin should not be included in over-the-counter medicines for the fluC.delayed treatment of the flu will harm the liver and central nervous systemD.over-the-counter drugs can be taken to ease the misery caused by a cold or the flu(3).According to the passage, to combat the flu effectively,_.（分数：3.0
45、0）A.one should identify the virus which causes itB.one should consult a doctor as soon as possibleC.one should take medicine upon catching the diseaseD.one should remain alert when the disease is spreading(4).Which of the following symptoms Will distinguish the flu from a cold?（分数：3.00）A.A stuffy no
46、se.B.A high temperature.C.A sore throat.D.A dry coug(5).If children have flu-like symptoms, their parents_.（分数：3.00）A.are advised not to give them aspirinB.should watch out for signs of Reye syndromeC.are encouraged to take them to hospital for vaccinationD.should prevent them from mixing with peopl
47、e running a fever七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Early childhood educationIn a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese pre
48、schools are not the ones Americans expected to find in most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early c
49、hildhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents listed “to give children a good start academically“ as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for successful career
