1、职称英语卫生类 B 级-18 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Since speech is such a familiar activity, it is often regarded as a universal endowment.（分数：1.00）A.eventB.habitC.traitD.gift2.The boys death was disastrous to him. The poor man never got over from it.（分数：1.00）A.a great misf
2、ortuneB.an increasing rageC.an eventful outcomeD.an everlasting complain3.Sharpshooter Annie Oakley performed astonishing feats of marksmanship as the star of Buffalo Bills Wild West Show beginning in 1885.（分数：1.00）A.astuteB.astoundingC.archaicD.articulate4.While some bacteria are beneficial, others
3、 are harmful in that cause disease.（分数：1.00）A.detrimentalB.prodigiousC.intrusiveD.mordant5.If you put too many potatoes in that paper-bag it will Uburst/U.（分数：1.00）A.crashB.explodeC.crackD.be broken6.He was a little lightheaded since he just caught a cold.（分数：1.00）A.tremblingB.tiresomeC.dizzyD.timid
4、7.Professor Lins dedication to teaching earned him the respect of both his colleagues and students.（分数：1.00）A.experience inB.determination ofC.devotion toD.contributions to8.Dont try to dignify those few hairs on your face by calling them a beard.（分数：1.00）A.make nobleB.talk ofC.cry outD.single out9.
5、He gave me a book of the sort usually reserved for naughty schoolchildren.（分数：1.00）A.providedB.preparedC.appointedD.kept10.When he spoke, she had an unpleasant insight into what life would be like as his wife.（分数：1.00）A.perceptionB.preceptC.precedeD.preceptor11.Is 20 sufficient for the expenses of y
6、our journey?（分数：1.00）A.adoptB.enoughC.chargeableD.comparable12.If language were for nothing but the communication of warnings and weather reports, an artifical international language would do nicely.（分数：1.00）A.anything other thanB.nothing onlyC.nothing other thanD.something except.13.Did you do that
7、 to irritate her?（分数：1.00）A.teaseB.attractC.protectD.annoy14.We perceived that we were unwelcome and left.（分数：1.00）A.conceivedB.suggestedC.impliedD.was conscious of15.She put down her skinny hand slowly.（分数：1.00）A.smoothB.longC.bonyD.harsh二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Mothers and matchmakers(媒人) ha
8、ve always known that not being married is a definite health hazard. But when a team of researchers from the University of California, San Francisco, reported a few weeks ago that middle-aged (中年的) men without wives were actually twice as likely to die during a 10-year span(全长) as men with wives, the
9、 espoused and the spouseless alike stopped to take notice. It was the kind of news that swept through offices and watering holes-and it made people feel smug(自鸣得意的) or anxious, depending on their circumstances. Now the researchers who conducted the study are trying to find out what accounted for(说明,
10、解释) the dramatic differences in survival rates. The investigators, headed by UCSF associate professor of epidemiology arid biostatistics(生物统计学) Maradee A. Davis, had set out to examine the effect of various living arrangements on mortality. Because of the buffering social support marriage is known t
11、o provide, Davis and her colleagues fully expected to find that men and women dwelling alone fared(生活,进展) worst in survival rates. It came as some surprise, however, that in their study population, subjects who shared living quarters with people other than a spouse had the same lower survival rates
12、as those who lived by themselves. “The critical factor, “Davis says, “seems to be the presence of a spouse.“ The lower survival rates for the spouseless were found primarily in men who were widowed, separated or divorced, rather than in those who had never been married. Davis and her colleagues have
13、 already eliminated certain health factors as causes of higher mortality by adjusting their data to discount the effects of smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and lack of exercise. Now they will look more closely at a variety of other considerations, such as blood pressure, cholesterol levels and
14、 chronic illnesses. Sex roles: While many middle-aged men now know the difference between a cheese grater and a garlic press, nutrition may still account for some of the California studys findings. Previous research by Daviss team showed that unmarried men even if they lived with other people ate le
15、ss healthy diets than married men. “Traditional sex roles have meant that men arent as well informed as women about nutritional shopping and food preparation. “says Davis. Emotional and social factors probably also played a role in higher mortality among the spouseless men. The San Francisco researc
16、hers will examine a randomly selected subgroup of their study population for more detailed medical data, and theyll look at a trait(特征) they call “general well-being. “This focuses on subjectively reported feelings and moods, rather than specific psychological symptoms. The researchers will analyze
17、questionnaires that asked how frequently the men felt worried, nervous or poorly rested. But the team will also look at the causes of death; if the men without wives show higher rates of suicide or fatal accidents, its likely that emotional stress contributed to(可助于, 促使)their higher mortality rate.
18、Davis has already discovered that the married men reported a significantly higher level of well-being than those who werent married. So perhaps the explanation for their longer survival isnt really so complicated. Because they are cared for by nurturing wives, they just plain feel happier than the o
19、ther guys do. And what better reason than for staying alive? （分数：7.00）(1).Environmental factors affect our health in important way.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).The various living arrangements wont affect mortality.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).Nutrition
20、 is a main factor for a man to live longer.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).Men who were widowed had a survival rate as low as those who had never been married.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Emotional and social factors also played a role in higher mortality
21、 among the spouseless men.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).Happy-feeling is the best reason for men to stay alive.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).The pessimists feeling of helplessness undermines the bodys the immune system.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C.
22、 Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Medicine is the science and art of healing. It is a science because it is based on knowledge gained through careful study and experimentation. It is an art because it depends on how skillfully doctors and other medical workers apply this knowledge when
23、 dealing with patients. 2. The goals of medicine are to save lives, to relieve suffering, and to maintain the dignity of ill individuals. For this reason, medicine has long been one of the most respected professions. Thousands of men and women who work in the medical profession spend their lives car
24、ing for the sick. When disaster strikes, hospital workers rush emergency aid to the injured. When epidemics threaten, doctors and nurses work to prevent the spread of disease. Researchers in the medical profession continually search for better ways of fighting disease. 3. Human beings have suffered
25、from illnesses since they first appeared on the earth. Throughout most of this time, they knew little about how the human body works or what causes disease. Treatment was based largely on superstition and guesswork. 4. However, medicine has made tremendous progress in the last several hundred years.
26、 Today, it is possible to cure, control, or prevent hundreds of diseases. People live longer than they did in the past as a result of new drugs, machines, and surgical operations. Medical progress in the control of infectious diseases, improvements in health care programs for mothers and children, a
27、nd better nutrition, sanitation, and living conditions have given people a longer life expectancy. 5. As medicine has become more scientific, it has also become more complicated. In the past, doctors cared for patients almost single-handedly. Patients received treat-ment at home for most kinds of il
28、lnesses. Today, doctors no longer work by themselves. Instead they head medical teams made up of nurses, laboratory workers, and many other skilled professionals. The care provided by such teams cannot generally be started at home. As a result, clinics and hospitals have become the chief centers for
29、 medical care in most countries.（分数：8.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_(6).Doctors apply the knowledge gained through_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Medical progress, improved health care, and better living conditions have e
30、nsured_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).With the development of the medicine, clinics and hospitals have become_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)B第一篇/BTwo scientists who have won praise for research into the growth of cancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008
31、 winners are presented on Monday, kicking off six days of Nobel announcements. Australian-born U.S. citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have already won a series of medical honors for their enzyme research and experts say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel. Only sev
32、en women have won the medicine prize since the first Nobel Prizes were handed out in 1901. The last female winner was U.S. researcher Linda Buck in 2004, who shared the prize with Richard Axel. Among the pairs possible rivals are Frenchman Pierre Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen,
33、 who opened up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors. As usual, the award committee is giving no hints about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholms Karolinska Institute. Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite, establis
34、hed the prizes in his will in the categories of medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Swedens central bank. Nobel left few instructions on how to select winners, but medicine winners are typically awarded for a speci
35、fic breakthrough rather than a body of research. Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor (US $1.3 million) prize encourages groundbreaking research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal for scientists. “Individual researchers probably dont
36、look at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winners when theyre at work,“ Jornvall told The Associated Press. “They get their kicks from their research and their interest in how life functions.“ In 2006, Blackburn, of the University of California, San Francisco, and Greider, of Johns Hopkins Univers
37、ity in Baltimore, shared the Lasker prize for basic medical research with Jack Szostak of Harvard Medical School. Their work set the stage for research suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase to sustain their uncontrolled growth. （分数：15.00）(1).Who is NOT a likely candidate for this years Nobel P
38、rize in medicine?（分数：3.00）A.Elizabeth Blackburn.B.Carol Greider.C.Linda Buck.D.Pierre Chambon.(2).Which is NOT true of Alfred Nobel?（分数：3.00）A.He was from Sweden.B.He was the inventor of dynamite.C.He established the prizes in his will.D.He gave clear instructions on how to select winners.(3).Which
39、was NOT originally one of the Nobel Prizes?（分数：3.00）A.The medicine prize.B.The literature prize.C.The peace prize.D.The economics prize.(4).The word “kicks“ in line 6 from the bottom probably means_.（分数：3.00）A.excitement.B.income.C.motivation.D.knowledge.(5).The research by Blackburn and Greider hel
40、ps suggest the role of_.（分数：3.00）A.money in medical research.B.proteins in cancer treatment.C.hormones in the functioning of life.D.telomerase in the growth of cancer cells.B第二篇/BThe genes that help determine a persons individual characteristicsfrom the color of his eyes to the score he makes on an
41、IQ testare located on chromosomes within the cells of his body. Half of a persons chromosomes come from his father, half from his mother. Many diseases are the result of a single defective gene on one of the chromosomes. Achondroplastic dwarfism, for example, is caused by a dominant gene and any chi
42、ld who inherits it will have the disease. A genetic counselor confronted by a parent with such a disease could warn that half of his children risk the disease. More often, genetic diseases are caused by recessive genes. The most common is cystic fibrosis, a disorder that affects at least one in ever
43、y 1600 babies and causes their lungs and other body organs to become congested with mucus. Some diseases, such as the blood-clotting disorder, hemophilia, are sex-linked recessive defects carried on the female X chromosome. Many genetic defects, such as the hemophilia of European royalty, can be tra
44、ced back through the family tree. And a genetic counselor can calculate probable risks for couples even before they have defective children. But faulty genes may also occur without warning by mutation in any generation. In recent years, researchers have detected a number of disorders caused by an ex
45、tra chromosome, or lack of part of a chromosome. Mongolism, a form of retardation accompanied by short stature, a flattened nose and broad hands and feet, is caused by an extra chromosome. The parents of such a child have little increased risk of having another Mongoloid. There are blood, urine and
46、other tests which show promise in detecting more than 100 genetic diseases, including cystic fibrosis, hemophilia and some forms of muscular dystrophy.Researchers are also detecting genetic defects even before a child is born. “Intrauterine detection,“ notes Dr. Henry L. Nadler of Northwestern Unive
47、rsity Medical School, “brings a new dimension to genetic counseling. The physician may now inform the parents that they will have either an affected or a normal child. “ （分数：15.00）(1).The original title of the passage can be best replaced by_.（分数：3.00）A.Genes and DiseasesB.Genes and Ones Characteris
48、ticsC.Genetic Defects and the Family TreeD.Dominant and Recessive Genes(2).Why does the writer use the first example in the first paragraph regarding achondroplastic dwarfism?（分数：3.00）A.To give an example of one whos suffering from this disease.B.To illustrate why a person may suffer from this disea
49、se.C.To point out the causes of all genetic diseases.D.To relate a defective gene with a recessive gene.(3).As to the genetic defects, which of the following statements is not true?（分数：3.00）A.Recessive genes play a greater part than dominant genes in genetic diseases.B.Hemophilia is caused by genetic defects on the mothers side.C.All d
