1、职称英语卫生类 B 级-12 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.He is not ordinary. Hes a boy of extraordinary talents.（分数：1.00）A.mysteriousB.extravagantC.remarkableD.various2.He is but a child.（分数：1.00）A.probablyB.notC.hardlyD.only3.Some animals pant and sweat to speed evaporation of b
2、ody moisture and thus cool themselves.（分数：1.00）A.wiggle slowlyB.breathe quicklyC.restD.perspire4.The way she changes her mind three or four times a day is utterly bewildering.（分数：1.00）A.thoughtlessB.ridiculousC.undesirableD.puzzling5.Kan was abducted because he was the only witness.（分数：1.00）A.taken
3、awayB.bribedC.kidnappedD.killed6.Standing in the wind of winter, he was shivering all over with cold.（分数：1.00）A.achingB.tremblingC.releasingD.relaxing7.The farmer chased sheep into a wheat field.（分数：1.00）A.droveB.caughtC.temptedD.purchased8.The two sisters have entirely different temperament.（分数：1.0
4、0）A.educationB.aristocracyC.dispositionD.experience9.A reporter from the local paper asked for details of the accident.（分数：1.00）A.typistB.typewriterC.correspondentD.doctor10.The machine is unsafe because of the defects in it.（分数：1.00）A.faultsB.tricksC.mistakesD.merits11.Youd better have the dog surv
5、eyed before you offer to buy it.（分数：1.00）A.paintedB.surtax edC.equippedD.examined12.By producing an excess amount of some household articles, a New England colonial family could barter with other families.（分数：1.00）A.shareB.tradeC.repairD.sell13.The used car lot open until 9 oclock.（分数：1.00）A.a great
6、 dealB.manyC.marketsD.factories14.Alligators still exist in some of the dank swamps and bayous of Alabamas coastal regions.（分数：1.00）A.weirdly fascinatingB.mythicalC.drabD.unpleasantly humid15.UAt length/U, they climbed up to the peak of the mountain.（分数：1.00）A.On accountB.In no timeC.For the sakeD.A
7、t last二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请选择C。Pain is something that everyone experiences at some time, to a greater of lesser degree(在或大或小的程度)Chronic or long-term pain, however, is in a category(种类，范畴)of its own
8、. This is the kind of pain that dominates and pervades(蔓延，渗透)the life of the sufferer. Relent- less(持续的), grinding, exhausting pain, from which there is no escape(无法逃避的).Most individuals who experience this kind of pain are paraplegics(截瘫患者)and tetrap1egics(四肢麻痹患者). These people, despite their disab
9、ilities, would often be capable of leading fulfilled and happy lives were it not for the fact(要不是/如果没有这一事实) that they suffer this terrible and debilitating(使衰弱)pain on an almost continuous basis.To date(到目前为止), treatment has been mainly in the form of heavy drug therapy, which produces unpleasant si
10、de effects.But there has been a breakthrough in pain control. A new device, SPES(Sub Perception Electro Stimulation) (不知觉电刺激), should radically (根本地) improve quality of life for many chronic pain sufferers.Professor I for Cape l, scientist and inventor, has conducted clinical trials of SPES on chron
11、ic pain sufferers with extremely encouraging results.SPES works by transmitting electrical signals controlled by microprocessors(微型信息处理机 ), in particular patterns across the brain, using tiny electrodes(电板) attached to the patients earlobes.These signals stimulate chemical messages from the hypothal
12、amus(下丘脑), the area of the brain which controls our bodily functions.As a result, a hormonal release is triggered, which alters the perception of pain. “The pain is still there“, says Professor Cape l “but SPES helps you live with(接受某种局面)it. We are using .the bodys natural ability to cope with pain.
13、“The treatment is painless and convenient, lasting for about an hour a day. The equipment is portable, so the person using it can move around comfortably.Other benefits are that it is non-addictive(不成瘾的) and the patient does not build up a tolerance(忍受)to SPES. It can be used at home without medical
14、 supervision.SPES should not, however, be used by pregnant women, epileptics(癫病患者), people who have pacemakers fitted(装上起搏器)and those who are taking certain prescribed drugs.（分数：7.00）(1).It is reported that only a part of people experience in their life.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentio
15、ned(2).Paraplegics and tetrap1egics are people who most easily experience relentless and exhausting pain.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).To illustrate how SPES works, scientists performed an experiment on an animal.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).Professor I
16、 for Cape has conducted a series of clinical trials of SPES on acute pain sufferers.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Hypothalamus is the area of the brain which controls our bodily functions.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).When a hormonal release is triggered
17、, it will reduce the production of pain.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).The new device, SPES, is portable and can the used at home without medical super- vision.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求
18、从所给的 6 个选项中为规定段每段选择1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。Surgery is the branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of disease, deformities, or injuries by operations. The doctor who performs the operation is called a surgeon. Every physician has some training in surgery and is
19、qualified to perform simple operations. But surgeons are specially trained so that they have the judgment and skill to perform complicated operations.2. Modern surgery stresses accurate diagnosis of the disease and proper care of the patient before and after the operation. Thus, the surgeon not only
20、 needs to know how to perform an operation, but also must have a wide knowledge of anatomy, physiology, chemistry, and pathology. Five to eight years of training after medical school are necessary for physicians to qualify as surgeons.3. A surgical operation is complicated. Many people, medicines, e
21、quipment, and techniques help assure the greatest possible safety and comfort for the patient. The elimination of pain, the prevention of infection, and advanced means of diagnosis are all part of modern surgery. A qualified surgical team is essential to the success of both the operation and the pat
22、ient s recovery. This team usually consists of a surgeon, at least one assistant, an anesthesiologist, and one or more nurses.4. A surgeon uses many instruments in the course of an operation. These instruments include holders for needles and sponges, clamps to close off blood vessels, and retractors
23、 to hold back folds of skin. Sharp instruments include scissors and scalpels. Since the 1970 s, lasers have been used to make delicate cuts in body tissues. Doctors use the high- energy light of the laser to cut tissue by burning fine lines in the skin or other organs.5. A surgeon can remove a long
24、section of diseased intestine and sew the remaining intestinal sections together. The body will function normally after the operation. A kidney, or even a major part of the stomach, can be removed by an operation. In heart surgery, a doctor may replace one of the heart valves with an artificial one.
25、 Extensive surgery on the lungs and ribs is often part of the treatment of cancer. Sometimes an en- tire diseased lung is removed. A neurosurgeon can remove brain tumors and repair head injuries. Transplanting organs involves taking a healthy organ from one person and using it to replace the disease
26、d organ in another person. The kidney is a commonly transplant- ed organ. The transplanted tissue must closely match that of the patient, or the patient s body will reject the new organ.6. In microsurgery, the surgeon operates while viewing the procedure through a microscope or magnifying glass. Thi
27、s technique enables physicians to perform operations on some of the tiniest body structures. For example, surgeons can rejoin extremely small blood vessels and nerves by using this technique. Such surgery has led to the successful reattachment of severed fingers, hands, and even arms and legs. Docto
28、rs also use micro- surgery to operate on the delicate structures in the eye, the kidney, the brain, and many other parts of the body.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Surgeons differ form p
29、hysicians in that（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).A surgeon is a doctor who treats（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Modern surgery calls for accurate diagnosis and proper care of the patient（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).A long section of diseased intestine can be removed and the remaining intestinal sec- tions（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：
30、阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案。B第一篇/BVolunteers are being recruited(征募) to eat raw potatoes in the first human trials of a vaccine grown in genetically engineered vegetables. Researchers in Texas hope that people who eat the potatoes wi
31、ll be protected against common gut(肠，肠子) infections. They believe this technique could prove to be a cost-effective way of growing vaccines in developing countries where such diseases are still killers.Other researchers previously succeeded in using similar techniques to produce potential vaccines N
32、ow Hugh Mason and his colleagues at Texas A they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of the behavior.Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these tw
33、o extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, people have wondered for a long time（分数：3.00）A.why one is different from anotherB.how one has certain personalities and behaviorsC.why one is more intelligent than anotherD.why one is co
34、operative and another is competitive(2).Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Two theories have been developed by social scientists in an attempt to explain why people possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.B.Two school have been set up to do resea
35、rch on peoples characteristics and behaviors.C.Two approaches have been found out by behaviorists to explain ones personalities and behaviors.D.Social scientists think it is nature that determines ones personalities and behaviors.(3).The “nature school“ believes .（分数：3.00）A.it is biological and gene
36、tic factors not environment that determine ones personalities and behaviorsB.ones personalities and behaviors are predetermined and we cannot control themC.ones characteristics and abilities have something to do with environment while behaviors do notD.ones behaviors depend more on environment than
37、on biologically based instincts(4).The “ nurture“ theory tries to explain _（分数：3.00）A.it is our environment not biologically based instincts that determines how we will actB.human beings are completely shaped by their surroundingsC.environment is more important than biological and genetic factors in
38、 shaping one s behaviorsD.one acts because he has to adapt himself to the environment(5).The two theories（分数：3.00）A.are contradictory to each otherB.cannot fully. explain human behaviorC.have much in common in explaining human behaviorsD.will be replaced by other theories soon五、B第 5 部分：补全对话/B(总题数：1，
39、分数：10.00)阅读下面的短文，文章中有 5 处空白，文章后有 6 组文字，请根据文章的内容选择 5 组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。Humans live in a world where many other living things compete for food and places to breed. The pathogenic organisms, ,or pathogens, are often broadly called germs, which cause many diseases to be able to invade the human b
40、ody and use its cells and fluids for their own needsU (46) /UPathogenic organisms can enter the body in various ways. Some such as those that cause the common cold, pneumonia, and tuberculosisare breathed inU (47) /UStill otherssuch as those that cause bacillary dysentery, cholera, and typhoid fever
41、 get in the body through contaminated food, water, or utensils.Insects can spread disease by acting as vectors, or carriers. U(48) /UGerms may also enter the body through the bite of a mosquito, louse, or other insect vector. Kinds of diseaseInfectious, or communicable, diseases are those that can b
42、e passed between persons such as by means of airborne droplets from a cough or sneeze. Tiny organisms such as bacteria and fungi can produce infectious diseases. So can viruses. So can tiny worms. Whatever the causative agent might be, it survives in the person it infects and is passed on to another
43、. Or, its eggs are passed onU (49) /UThe asymptomatic carrier can then pass the disease on to someone else without even knowing he has it.Noninfectious, or noncommunicable, diseases are caused by malfunctions of the body. These include organ or tissue degeneration, erratic cell growth, and faulty bl
44、ood formation and flow. Also included are disturbances of the stomach and intestine, the endocrine system, and the urinary and reproductive systems. Some diseases can be caused by diet deficiencies, lapses in the bodys defense system, or a poorly operating nervous system.U (50) /UThese ailments incl
45、ude drug addiction, obesity, malnutrition, and pollution-caused health problems.A. A disease is a condition that impairs the proper function of the body.B. Ordinarily, the bodys defense system can ward off these invaders.C. Disability and illnesses can also be provoked by psychological and social fa
46、ctors.D. Sometimes, a disease-producing organism gets into a person who shows no symptoms of the disease.E. Otherssuch as those that cause venereal diseasesenter through sexual contact of human bodies.F. Flies can carry germs from human waste or other tainted materials to food and beverages.（分数：10.0
47、0）(1).（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、B第 6 部分：完形填空/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)阅读下面的短文，文中有 15 处空白，每处空白给出 4 个选项，请根据短文的内容从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案。Happily married people have lower blood pressureU (51) /Uunhappily married people or singles, a Brigham Young University study says.On the other hand, even hav
48、ing a supportive social network did not translate into a blood pressure benefit for singles or unhappilyU (52) /Upeople , according to the study.“There seem to be some unique health benefits from marriage. Its not just being marriedU (53) /Ubenefits health-whats really the most protective of health is having a happyU (54) /U)“ study author Julianne Holt Lunstad, a psychologist who specializes in relationships and health, said in a prepared statement.The study included 204 married and 99U
