1、职称英语卫生类 A 级真题 2014 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、第一部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.His stomach felt hollow with fear. （分数：1.00）A.emptyB.sincereC.respectfulD.terrible2.The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated. （分数：1.00）A.inventedB.reproducedC.designedD.reported3.His professional career spanned
2、 16 years. （分数：1.00）A.startedB.lastedC.changedD.moved4.She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.（分数：1.00）A.homewordB.actC.justiceD.model5.The group does not advocate the use of violence. （分数：1.00）A.supportB.limitC.regulateD.oppose6.Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the ai
3、r for several minutes. （分数：1.00）A.silentB.seatedC.trueD.motionless7.There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject. （分数：1.00）A.tendencyB.pointC.resultD.finding8.That uniform makes the guards look absurd. （分数：1.00）A.ridiculousB.seriousC.beautifulD.impressive9.New secretaries
4、came and went with monotonous regularity. （分数：1.00）A.dullB.amazingC.depressingD.predictable10.The country was torn apart by strife. （分数：1.00）A.povertyB.conflictC.warD.economy11.This was disaster on a cosmic scale.（分数：1.00）A.modestB.hugeC.commercialD.national12.A persons wealth is often in inverse pr
5、oportion to their happiness. （分数：1.00）A.equalB.oppositeC.certainD.large13.The department deferred the decision for six months. （分数：1.00）A.put offB.arrived atC.abided byD.protested against14.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation. （分数：1.00）A.copyB.publishC.furnishD.summar
6、ize15.The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later. （分数：1.00）A.easedB.improvedC.relievedD.appeared二、第二部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Feed Me Better When British TV chef Jamie Oliver launched his Feed Me Better campaign in 2004 in schools in the Greenwich area of London with the aim of imp
7、roving the diet of British schoolchildren, some people were skeptical about the impact it would have. Olivers highly-publicized television campaign to improve school lunches led to dramatic changes in the meals offered to pupils in the Greenwich schools. In order to achieve his aim Oliver needed to
8、show schools how to swap(交换)cheap processed meals, which were high in saturated fat(饱和脂肪),salt, and sugar, for healthier options. Now, research at the institute for Social and Economic Research(ISER)has shown that Oliver s experiment did not only help pupils eat more healthily, it also resulted in t
9、hem performing better at school in English and Science and in helping schools reduce their rates of absenteeism(缺勤). The ISER study, carried out by Michele Belont and Jonathan James, showed substantial positive effects, with the performance of 11-year-old pupils eating Olivers meals improving by up
10、to 8% in Science and by as much as 6% in English. In addition, the number of children having authorized absences for sickness since 2004 showed a 14% decrease. The ISER study analysed the academic test results of more than 13,000 children in Greenwich between 2002 and 2007 to evaluate the impact of
11、Olivers healthier meals on school performance. Pupils who sat exams in 2006-2007 had been on the new diet for at least 12 months, and the researchers found that the number of pupils reaching higher levels of achievement had clearly risen. The study also compared the results of the school in Greenwic
12、h with those of pupils of the same age in seven other London areas who did not eat the meals created by Oliver. The researchers were surprised by the speed of improvements in the Greenwich pupils. They could find no other explanation for the results except for the healthier and more nutritious meals
13、 created by Oliver. Commenting on ISERs findings, Oliver said he felt the research proved that he was right in his decision to remove fatty processed food and replace it with nutrient-rich(营养的) foods such as coconut(椰子) ,fish, and broccoli(花椰菜). He commented that we could see that it made them calme
14、r and therefore able to learn. （分数：7.00）(1).The Feed Me Better campaign targeted a healthier diet at schoolchildren. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Everyone believed the campaign should be successful. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The ISER is an institute that does research on
15、 pupils performance in sport. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The pupils in Greenwich said they liked the healthier meals. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The number of pupils who asked for sick leave decreased. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The ISER did not do a comp
16、arative study on the impact of the new diet. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The healthier diet has helped schoolchildren improve academically. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Aromatherapy(芳香疗法) 1. Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is
17、 based on the use of very concentrated essential oils from the flowers, leaves, bark, branches or roots of plants which are considered to have healing properties. In aromatherapy these powerful oils are mixed with other oils, such as almond(杏仁)oil, or they are diluted(稀释)with water. These solutions(
18、溶液剂)can be rubbed on the skin, sprayed in the air, or applies as a compress(敷药). 2. Many people have aromatherapy massages(按摩)， and depending on the treatment a person is having, the aromatherapist will massage the oil into the hands or shoulders. The massage is smooth and flowing, as it is designed
19、 to create a sense of relaxation and calm. The sessions are tailored to the individuals health and mood at the time, so every session is unique. 3. Practitioners of aromatherapy believe that the aroma of the essential oils directly stimulates the brain or that the oils are absorbed through the skin
20、into the bloodstream where they can affect the whole body and promote healing. Other clams in support of aromatherapy are that it aids digestion improves the functioning of respiratory system, reduces muscular aches and pains, and promotes muscle relaxation and tone. It has also been argued that aro
21、matherapy can improve circulation, lower blood pressure, and help combat insomnia(失眠) and other stress-related disorders such as tension headaches, anxiety, and mild depression. 4. However, while aromatherapy may have real effects that promote a sense of well-being, some traditional medicine practit
22、ioners remain doubtful about its powers. While research has confirmed that aromatherapy does have some positive short-term effects on most people, it also suggests that aromatherapy is not an actual science or medicine that should be used to treat illness. Furthermore, not all aromatherapy is consid
23、ered beneficial to health. There are precautions which should be taken before having aromatherapy because some oils can have negative effects on people with certain medical conditions. The study of aromatherapy is relatively new and unexplored. More research needs to be conducted to make scientific
24、conclusions about its use and effects. （分数：8.00）(1).A. Current research into aromatherapy B. Aromatherapy and conventional medicine C. Different views about aromatherapy D. Introduction to aromatherapy E. Doubts about the benefits aromatherapy F. Personalized aromatherapy massage Paragraph 1 _（分数：1.
25、00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).Paragraph 2 _ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(5).A. suit different people B. be further explored C. help the disabled D. be used externally E. have healing effects F. be promoted Aromatherapy is a mixture oil from p
26、arts of the plants to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(6).The sessions of aromatherapy massages are designed to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(7).Aromatherapy is believed to _ in various ways（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(8).The used and benefits of aromatherapy need to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.四、第四部分：阅读理解(总题数：3，分数：45.00)第一篇 A New Str
27、ategy to Overcome Breast Cancer Post-menopausal(绝经后)women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly , a study has suggested. The report ,which followed 73,000 women for 17 years , found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease . The
28、 American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk. A recent poll for the charity Ramblers a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week , but being active i
29、s known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers . This study, published in Cancer Epidemiology , Biomarkers & Prevention , followed 73.615 women out of 97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between 1992 and 1993,so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the g
30、roup. They were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active and participating in activities such as walking , swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)and how much time they spent sitting watching television or reading . They completed the same questionnaires at two-year
31、 intervals between 1997 and 2009.Of the women,47% said walking was their only recreational activity . Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week. Dr. Alpa Patel , a senior epidemiologist at the A
32、merican Cancer Society in Atlanta , Georgia , who led the study , said:”Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking , promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women . We were pleased t
33、o find that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.”More strenuous(紧张的)and longer activities lowered the risk even more.” Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign , said:”This stud
34、y adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference.” She added:”We know that the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occ
35、urring in the first place. The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.” （分数：15.00）(1).All of the following factors relating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage EXCEPT_ （分数：3.00）A.regula
36、r walkingB.breathing exerciseC.recreational activityD.lifestyle choices(2).It can be inferred from Dr. Alpa Patels study that_. （分数：3.00）A.daily walking could cut the chance of breast cancerB.women have fewer chances of physical activityC.leisure-time activity is not associated with cancer riskD.wal
37、king is not recommended for women with breast cancer(3).Dr. Alpa Patel was_. （分数：3.00）A.chief editor of Cancer EpidemiologyB.chair of the American Cancer SocietyC.chief executive of Breast Cancer CampaignD.head of the survey study(4).Which of the following statements is true according to the passage
38、? （分数：3.00）A.Most women take walking as their only recreational activity.B.The study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects.C.Irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal womenD.Walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the women surveyed.(
39、5).The word “sustainable” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _ . （分数：3.00）A.affordableB.availableC.persistentD.continuable第二篇： Around 45% of the UKs carbon dioxide emissions come from the energy people use every-at home and when they travel . In order to generate that energy, fossil fuel
40、s (coal oil, and gas) are burnt, and these produce greenhouse gases- in particular carbon dioxide (CO2) a year, and it is the same CO2 that is changing the climate and damaging the environment. CO2 and various other gases wrap the earth in an invisible blanket helping to prevent heat from escaping.
41、Without this greenhouse effect, the average temperature on Earth would be around -18, compared with the current average of around +15. The composition of this blanket of gases has remained relatively constant for many thousands of years. However, since the industrial revolution began around 200 year
42、s ago, people have been burning increasing amounts of fossil fuels, thus releasing more CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the process. This has increased the heating effect of the blanket, trapping more of the suns energy inside the Earths atmosphere in turn the Earths temperature has increased more
43、 rapidly in a shorter pennd of there that it has for thousands of years. In 2008, the total UK CO2 emissions were 533 million tones 27% (144 million tonnes ) of those emissions came from the energy used to heat, light, and power homes. Transport emissions caused by passenger cars, buses and motorcyc
44、les accounted for a further 16% (87 million tonnes ) of the UKs CO2 emissions. These figures show that a significant amount of CO2 results from ordinary citizens carbon footprint in their daily activities and lifestyle. The effects of climate change can be seen all around us. Weather patterns are ce
45、coming more and more fractured and uncertain, and over the last century trends in warm weather have become increasingly common. In the UK in the last 40 years, winters have grown warmer with much heavier rainfall. One of the clearest shifts over the last 200 years is towards summers that are hotter
46、and drier, causing pervasive water shortages. Recent years have been the hottest since records began and during August 2003 the hottest outdoor temperature in the UK was recorded -38.5. （分数：15.00）(1).What is the authors main aim? （分数：3.00）A.To explain the greenhouse effectB.To describe the effects o
47、f climate change in the UKC.To show how much CO2 is produced by ordinary peoples activitiesD.To illustrate how industrial activity create the greenhouse effect(2).What is the authors opinion about the level of CO2 emissions in the UK? （分数：3.00）A.The majority of CO2 emissions come from motorized tran
48、sport.B.CO2 emissions may cause climate change in the futureC.More CO2 emissions come from homes than from carsD.The average citizen does not create much CO2(3).CO2 emissions from vehicles （分数：3.00）A.are a more serious problem than energy shortageB.do not cause any problemsC.are high because the ave
49、rage household owns a carD.contribute considerably to greenhouse gases(4).The results of climate change in the UK can be seen in （分数：3.00）A.cooler summersB.water supplyC.warmer wintersD.stronger winds(5).Which of the following is the best title for the passage? （分数：3.00）A.Ways of reducing the UKs CO2 emissionsB.UK citizens carbon footprintC.The effect of industry on climate change in the UKD.Changes in weather patterns in the UK第三篇：First Sell-contained Heart Implanted A patient on the br
