1、职称英语卫生类 A级模拟 67及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.America“s emphasis on the importance of education for everyone has spurred scientific research.（分数：1.00）A.encouragedB.endangeredC.endorsedD.enlarged2.Photojournalist Margaret White became famous for her coverage of significant
2、events during the Second World War.（分数：1.00）A.baggageB.orphanageC.reportageD.usage3.Below 600 feet ocean waters range from dimly lit to completely dark.（分数：1.00）A.inadequatelyB.hardlyC.faintlyD.sufficiently4.“I“m not meddling,“ Mary said mildly . “I“m just curious.“（分数：1.00）A.gentlyB.shylyC.weaklyD.
3、sweetly5.In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the America southern states would break away from the Union.（分数：1.00）A.strangeB.certainC.inconsistentD.proper6.Many of novelist Carson McCullers“ characters are isolated people.（分数：1.00）A.solitaryB.gloomyC.feebleD.frugal7.The workers finally called off the
4、strike.（分数：1.00）A.put offB.endedC.cancelledD.participated in8.John has made up his mind not to go to the meeting.（分数：1.00）A.wantedB.promisedC.decidedD.agreed9.I catch cold now and then .（分数：1.00）A.alwaysB.occasionallyC.constantlyD.regularly10.He often finds fault with my work.（分数：1.00）A.criticizesB.
5、praisesC.evaluatesD.talks about11.The little girl grasped her mother“s arm as she crossed the street.（分数：1.00）A.understoodB.had a hold overC.took hold ofD.left hold of12.Careful consideration should be given to issues of health and safety.（分数：1.00）A.thoughtB.mindC.accountD.memory13.I can no longer t
6、olerate his actions.（分数：1.00）A.put up withB.acceptC.takeD.suffer from14.The doctors have abandoned the hope to rescue the old man.（分数：1.00）A.leftB.given upC.turned downD.refused15.Have you talked to her lately ?（分数：1.00）A.lastlyB.shortlyC.recentlyD.immediately二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The SmogFor o
7、ver a month, Indonesia was in crisis. Forest fires raged out of control as the country suffered its worst drought for 50 years. Smoke from the fires mixed with sunlight and hot dry air to form a cloud of smog. This pollution quickly spread and within days it was hanging over neighbouring countries i
8、ncluding Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. When the smoke combined with pollution from factories and cars, it soon became poisonous(有毒的). Dangerous amounts of CO became trapped under the smog and pollution levels rose. People wheezed(喘息)and coughed as they left the house and their eyes watered immed
9、iately. The smog made it impossible to see across streets and whole cities disappeared as grey soot(烟灰) covered everything. In some areas, water was hosed(用胶管浇) from high-rise city buildings to try to break up the smog. Finally, heavy rains, which came in November, put out the fires and cleared the
10、air. But the environmental costs and health problems will remain. Many people from South-Eastern Asian cities already suffer from breathing huge amounts of car exhaust fumes(汽车排放的废气)and factory pollution. Breathing problems could well increase and many nonsufferers may have difficulties for the firs
11、t time. Wildlife has suffered too. In lowland forests, elephants, deer, and tigers have been driven out of their homes by smog. But smog is not just an Asian problem. In fact, the word “smog“ was first used in London in 1905 to describe the mixture of smoke and thick fog. Fog often hung over the cap
12、ital. Sometimes the smog was so thick and poisonous that people were killed by breathing problems or in accidents. About 4000 Londoners died within five days as a result of thick smog in 1952.（分数：7.00）(1).Indonesia was in crisis because of the drought.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The sm
13、og spread to neighbouring countries.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).18 The air-pollution index went up to 300 within a few days.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Water was used to try to break up the smog.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Many Indonesians blamed the governm
14、ent for the drought.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The forest animals haven“t been affected by the smog.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The word “smog“ first appeared in 1952.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Global Warming1. Smoke is clouding
15、 our view of global warming, protecting the planet from perhaps three-quarters of the greenhouse effect. That might sound like good news, but experts say that as the cover diminishes in coming decades, we are facing a dramatic increase of warming that could be two or even three times as great as off
16、icial best guesses. 2. This was the dramatic conclusion reached last week at a workshop in Dahlem, Berlin, where top atmospheric scientists got together, including Nobel Prize winner Paul Crutzen and Swedish scientist Bert Bolin, former chairman of the UN“s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
17、(IPCC). 3. IPCC scientists have suspected for a decade that aerosols (浮质) of smoke and other particles from burning rainforest, crop waste and fossil fuels are blocking sunlight and counteracting the warming effect of carbon dioxide emissions. Until now, they reckoned that aerosols reduced greenhous
18、e warming by perhaps a quarter, cutting increases by 0. 2. So the 0.6 of warming over the past century would have been 0.8 without aerosols. 4. But the Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure is even higheraerosols may have reduced global warming by as much as three-quarters, cutting increase
19、s by 1.8. If so, the good news is that aerosols have prevented the world getting almost two degrees warmer than it is now. But the bad news is that the climate system is much more sensitive to greenhouse gases than previously guessed. 5. As those gases are expected to continue accumulating in the at
20、mosphere while aerosols stabilize or fall, that means “dramatic consequences for estimates of future climate change“, the scientists agreed in a draft report from the workshop.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. Atmospheric Scientists B. The Calculations Made at the Berlin Workshop C. The Previous Calcula
21、tions of the Effect of Aerosols D. The Scientists“ Agreement E. The Authoritative Conclusion F. Greenhouse Gases（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).When the cover diminishes in the coming decades, temperature 1. A. will influence future climate
22、change 2. B. was somewhat surprising C. will rise rapidly D. was known to us all E. was much higher than had been expected F. will drop dramatically（分数：1.00）(6).The conclusion reached at the Berlin workshop 1.（分数：1.00）(7).The Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure 1.（分数：1.00）(8).The increase
23、 of greenhouse gases 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Explorer of the Extreme DeepOceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet. Yet, just a small fraction of the underwater world has been explored. Now, scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Mas
24、sachusetts are building an underwater vehicle that will carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters (21,320 feet). The new machine, known as a manned submersible or human-operated vehicle (HOV), will replace another one named Alvin which has an amazing record of discovery, playing a key role in various
25、important and famous undersea expeditions. Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters (14,784 feet). It“s about time for an upgrade, WHOI researchers say. Alvin was launched in 1964. Since then, Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year, says Daniel Fornari, a mar
26、ine geologist and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI. During its lifetime, Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a total of more than 3,000 dives. A newer, better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises about a world that is still full of mysteries, Fornari s
27、ays. It might also make the job of exploration a little easier. “We take so much for granted on land,“ Fornari says. “We can walk around and see with our eyes how big things are. We can see colors, special arrangements. “ Size-wise, the new HOV will be similar to Alvin. It“ll be about 37 feet long.
28、The setting area inside will be a small sphere, about 8 feet wide, like Alvin, it“ll carry a pilot and two passengers. It will be just as maneuverable. In most other ways, it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view, for one thing. Alvin has only three windows, the new vehicle will
29、have five, with more overlap so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing. Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second, and its maximum speed is 2 knots (about 2.3 miles per hour) , while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second. It“l
30、l reach speeds of 3 knots, or 3.5 miles per hour.（分数：15.00）(1).What is Alvin?（分数：3.00）A.A research institute.B.A transporting vehicle.C.A submersible.D.A scientist.(2).Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin?（分数：3.00）A.It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters.B.It has playe
31、d a key role in various important undersea expeditions.C.It was launched in the sixties of the twentieth century.D.It has been used for more than 40 years.(3).“. a world that is still full of mysteries“ refers to _.（分数：3.00）A.the earthB.out spaceC.the oceanD.Mars(4).In what aspects are the new HOV a
32、nd Alvin similar?（分数：3.00）A.Size.B.Speed.C.Capacity.D.Shape.(5).In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin different?（分数：3.00）A.Offering better views.B.Speed.C.Size.D.Both A and B.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Motoring Technology1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year, plus a further 50 million inju
33、ries. To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuelsthough some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster. Travelling at speed has always been risky. One cutting edge area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants. They ca
34、n ensure you don“t miss crucial road signs or fall asleep. The use of artificial intelligence software allows these assistants to monitor your driving and makes sure your phone or radio doesn“t distract you at a vital moment. Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults. Some safety deve
35、lopments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstacles in fog, while other technology “sees through“ high-sided vehicles blocking your view. And improvements to seat belts, pedal controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The colour of a car has been found to be linked with saf
36、ety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape. And alternatives to fossil-fuel based petrol, such as plant oils, are a hot area of research. Fuel cells based on hydrogen burn cleanly, and are the subject of a serious research effort. But whatever is in the fuel tank, you don“t want a thief in the
37、driving seat and there have been many innovations, some using satellite tracking and remote communications, to fight against car theft. These communication systems can also come into play if you crash, automatically calling for help. Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subtle inter
38、plays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road. Such jams can be analysed using statistical tools. Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyone“s personal chauffeur, but their latest efforts suggest that won“t be soo
39、n.（分数：15.00）(1).What are researchers interested in doing as the road accidents worldwide increase to a shocking rate? A. They are developing faster electric vehicles. B. They are analyzing road deaths occurring worldwide every year. C. They focus their research on safety and new fuels. D They are de
40、signing fully automatic cars.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the second paragraph, most road accidents happen _.（分数：3.00）A.because drivers fall asleepB.because drivers make mistakesC.because of engine failureD.because of speeding(3).38 Which of the safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passa
41、ge?（分数：3.00）A.Radars that can help drivers to see obstacles in fog.B.Devices that can help drivers to see through big vehicles.C.Improvements in seat belts, pedal controls and tyres.D.Windscreens that can help drivers to improve their vision.(4).What is NOT the purpose of innovations that use satell
42、ite tracking and remote communications?（分数：3.00）A.To prevent car thieves from getting into your car.B.To call for help when one“s car crashes.C.To call for help when the car gets jammed in the traffic.D.To track the car down when it is being stolen.(5).What is true of robotic drivers?（分数：3.00）A.It w
43、ill take some time before robotic drivers can be put to practical use.B.Robotic drivers are not allowed to drive on busy roads.C.Robotic drivers can never replace human drivers.D.Robotic drives are too expensive to use.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Shark Attack!Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard, scan
44、ning the distance for his next wave, when his board suddenly stopped moving. He looked down and was terrified to see a great white shark biting the front of his board. “I could have touched its eye with my elbow,“ says Craig. The shark had surfaced so quietly that he hadn“t heard a thing. In his hor
45、ror and confusion, he waved his arms and accidentally cut two of his fingers on the shark“s teeth. He then slid off the opposite side of his surfboard into the water. Then, with Craig in the water and blood flowing from his fingers, the five-meter-long shark simply swam away, disappearing into the w
46、ater below. Although sharks are often categorized as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as they can, this is factually inaccurate. Sharks very rarely kill humans. A person has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark. Only 74 people ha
47、ve been reported killed by great whites in the last century. But great white sharks can reach six meters in length and weigh 2,200 kilograms or more. With frightening jaws that can hold up to 3,000 teeth arranged in several rows, they could very easily kill and eat a helpless human in the water. Why
48、 is it, then, that most people survive attacks by great whites? Shark researchers are trying to comprehend the reasons that allow people to escape without being eaten. The most common explanation is that great whites don“t see well. It has been thought that they mistake people for the seals or sea l
49、ions which make up a large part of their diet. There is reason to doubt this, however. Recent information shows that great whites can actually see very well. Also, when attacking seals, great whites shoot up to the surface and bite with great force. When approaching humans, however, they most often move in slowly and bite less hard. They soon discover that humans are not a high-fat meal. “They spit us out because we“re too bony,“ says Aidan Martin, director of Reef Quest Center for Shark Research. Shark researchers like Martin hypothesize that great whites are actually curious
