1、职称英语卫生类 A 级分类模拟 9 及答案解析(总分：72.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：10，分数：12.50)1.The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.（分数：2.00）A.denyB.investigateC.stressD.create2.Below 600 feet ocean waters range from dimly lit to completely dark.（分数：1.00）A.inadequatelyB.ha
2、rdlyC.faintlyD.sufficiently3.This is not typical of English, but is a feature of the Chinese language.（分数：1.00）A.particularB.characteristicC.remarkableD.idiomatic4.Thousands of people perished in the storm.（分数：1.00）A.diedB.sufferedC.floatedD.scattered5.He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.（
3、分数：1.50）A.necessaryB.terribleC.criticalD.normal6.She is a lovely and gracious woman.（分数：1.00）A.courteousB.curiousC.quietD.shy7.We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.（分数：1.00）A.changeableB.stableC.suitableD.adaptable8.She seemed to have detected some anger in his voice.（分数：1
4、.00）A.noticedB.heardC.realizedD.got9.About one quarter of the workers in the country are employed in factories.（分数：2.00）A.thirdB.fourthC.tenthD.fifteenth10.A turbulent storm was a major factor in the defeat of the Spanish Armada.（分数：1.00）A.noxiousB.violentC.mysteriousD.pathetic二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数
5、：7.00)Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the HeartAccording to scientists in the USA, stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the hearts of people with heart failure. Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to ha
6、ve surgery. They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged. They then compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery without having the stem cells injected into them (they had also suffered from severe heart failure). The patients who had the stem cel
7、ls injected had hearts that were able to pump (用泵抽水) more blood than the others. According to Professor Robert Kormos, one of the researchers, these results could revolutionize heart treatment. Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a benefit, this is the first study that has ac
8、tually proved that stem cell therapy can help the failing heart work better. All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly. The scientists measured their ejection fraction (射血分数). This is a measure of heart performance; you measure how much blood is being pumped out by
9、 the left ventricle (心室). Healthy people“s ejection fraction is about 55%. These patients had ejection fraction of under 35%. They all had by-pass surgery (搭桥手术) performed on them. Some of the patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the damaged heart muscl
10、e. Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1% while those who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37.2%. No side effects were reported. Heart failure is a common problem all over the world. In the UK alone about 650,000 people suffer from heart failure every year. As t
11、he number of people suffering from heart failure increases in the world in general these findings are particularly significant. Current treatments relieve the symptoms. This new stem cell therapy actually repairs the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease.（分数：7.00）(1
12、).The 20 patients had stem cell injections instead of surgery.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The experiment proved to be satisfactory.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The control group patients regretted not having had stem cell injections.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4
13、).The study actually proved for the first time the benefit of stem cell therapy.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The ejection fraction rate of the patients with stem cell injections decreased.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Heart failure is more common in the UK than anywhere else
14、 in the world.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Stem cell therapy seems to have great prospects.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)How We Form First Impression1. We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about
15、someone without really knowing anything about him or heraside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits. 2. The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how a person“s
16、eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as difference. In fact, your brain continuously process incoming sensory informationthe sights and sounds of your world, these incoming “signals“ are compared against a host of “memories“ stored in the brain are
17、as called the cortex system to determine what these new signals “mean“. 3. If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “familiar and safe“. If you see someone new, it says, “new-potentially, threatening“. Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known
18、“ memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures, and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “His is new. I don“t like this person“. Or else, “I“m intrigued“. Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnic
19、ity, gestureslike your other friends; so your brain says: “I like this person“. But these preliminary “impressions“ can be dead wrong. 4. When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical im
20、pressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of peopletheir history, interest, values, strengths, and true characterwe categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks. 5. However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly
21、like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person“s character, we use a different, more mature style of thinkingand the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.（分数：8.00）(1).A. A Fairly New Development B. Classics of
22、Science Fiction C. Difficulty in Keeping Ahead of Scientific Advances D. Origins of Science Fiction E. Themes of Modern Science Fiction Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).A. concerned with the problems to solve in the future B. to
23、keep ahead of scientific advances C. implication D. a current theme E. read worldwide F. a recurrent theme Sensory information is one that is perceived through 1.（分数：1.00）(6).You interpret 1 by comparing incoming information against the memories already stored in your brain.（分数：1.00）(7).The way we s
24、tereotype people is a less mature form of thinking, which is similar to 1.（分数：1.00）(8).We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize AnnouncementsTwo scientists who have won praise for research
25、into the growth of cancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday, kicking off six days Nobel announcements. Australian-born U. S. citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have already won a series of medical honors for th
26、eir enzyme research and experts say they could be among the front-runners for Nobel. Only seven women have won the medicine prize since the first Nobel Prizes were handed out in 1901. The last female winner was U.S. researcher Linda Buck in 2004, who shared the prize with Richard Axel. Among the pai
27、r“s possible rivals are Frenchman Pierre Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who opened up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors. As usual, the award committee is giving no hints about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conferen
28、ce at Stockholm“s Karolinska Institute. Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite, established the prizes in his will in the categories of medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden“s central bank. Nobel left f
29、ew instructions on how to select winners, but medicine winners are typically awarded for a specific breakthrough rather than a body of research. Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor (US $1.3 million) prize encourages groundbreaking research hut he did
30、not think winning it was the primary goal for scientists. “Individual researchers probably don“t look at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winners when they“re at work,“ Jornvall told The Associated Press. “They get their kicks from their research and their interest in how life functions.“ In 2006
31、, Blackburn, of the University of California, San Francisco, and Greider, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, shared the Lasker prize for basic medical research with Jack Szostak of Harvard Medical School. Their work set the stage for research suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase to sus
32、tain their uncontrolled growth.（分数：15.00）(1).Who is Not a likely candidate for this year“s Nobel Prize in medicine?（分数：3.00）A.Elizabeth Blackburn.B.Carol Greider.C.Linda Buck.D.Pierre Chambon.(2).Which is NOT true of Alfred Nobel?（分数：3.00）A.He was from Sweden.B.He was the inventor of dynamite.C.He e
33、stablished the prizes in his will.D.He gave clear instructions on how to select winners.(3).Which was NOT originally one of the Nobel Prizes?（分数：3.00）A.The medicine prize.B.The literature prize.C.The peace prize.D.The economics prize.(4).The word “kicks“ in line 6 from the bottom probably means _.（分
34、数：3.00）A.excitementB.incomeC.motivationD.knowledge(5).The research by Blackburn and Greider helps suggest the role of _.（分数：3.00）A.money in medical researchB.proteins in cancer treatmentC.hormones in the functioning of lifeD.telomerase in the growth of cancer cells六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Multivitamins
35、Urged for All Pregnant WomenA recent study in Tanzania found that when pregnant women took vitamins every day, fewer babies were born too small. Babies that weigh less than two and one-half kilograms at birth have a greater risk of dying. Those that survive are more likely to experience problems wit
36、h their development. And experts say that as adults they have a higher risk of diseases including heart disease and diabetes. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that every year twenty million babies are born with low birth weight. Nine out of ten of them are born in developing countries.
37、The new study took place in Dares Salaam. 4,200 pregnant women received multivitamins. The pills contained all of the vitamins in the B group along with vitamins C and E. They also contained several times more iron and folate than the levels advised for women in developed nations. Pregnant women esp
38、ecially in poor countries may find it difficult to get enough vitamins and minerals from the foods in their diet. The scientists compared the findings with results from a group of 4,000 women who did not receive the vitamins. A report by the scientists, from the United States and Tanzania, appeared
39、in the New England Journal of Medicine . Wafaie Fawzi of the Harvard University School of Public Health led the study. None of the women in the study had HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The scientists reported earlier that daily multivitamins were a low-cost way to reduce fetal deaths in pregnant w
40、omen infected with HIV. The earlier work in Tanzania also found improvement in the mothers in their number of blood cells known as lmphocytes. Lymphocytes increase the body“s immunity against infection. The new study in pregnant women who were not infected with the AIDS virus found that multivitamin
41、s reduced the risk of low birth weight. Just under eight percent of the babies born to women who took the multivitamins weighed less than 2,500 grams. The rate was almost nine and one-half percent in the group of women who received a placebo, an inactive pill, instead of the vitamins. But the vitami
42、ns did not do much to reduce the rates of babies being born too early or dying while still a fetus. Still, the researchers say multivitamins should be considered for all pregnant women in developing countries.（分数：15.00）(1).How many babies are born with low birth weight in the developed countries eve
43、ry year according to WHO?（分数：3.00）A.20,000,000B.18,000,000C.2,000,000D.38,000,000(2).A pill of multivitamins may contain all of the following substances EXCEPT _.（分数：3.00）A.all vitamins in the B groupB.vitamins C and EC.much iron and folateD.antiviral substances(3).Which of the following is NOT one
44、of the effects of multivitamins mentioned in the passage?（分数：3.00）A.To reduce the rate of babies born too early.B.To reduce the risk of low birth weight.C.To reduce fetal deaths in pregnant women infected with HIV.D.To increase the number of lymphocytes in mothers“ blood.(4).What a role do lymphocyt
45、es play in the human body?（分数：3.00）A.To reduce the rate of dying while still a fetus.B.To raise the body“s immunity against infection.C.To help prevent the development of heart disease.D.To help prevent the development of diabetes.(5).How many percent of babies were born with low birth weight to wom
46、en who were not infected with the AIDS virus and took the multivitamins according to a new study?（分数：3.00）A.Less than 8%.B.About 9.5%.C.1.5%.D.17.5%.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)IQ-geneIn the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from exp
47、eriences, one little fact gets overlooked: no one has identified any genes (other than those that cause retardation) that affect intelligence. So researchers led by Robert Plomin of London“s Institute of Psychiatry decided to look for some. They figured that if you want to find a smart gene, you sho
48、uld look in smart kids. They therefore examined the DNA of students like those who are so bright that they take college entrance exams four years earlyand still score at Princeton-caliber levels. The scientists found what they sought. “We have“ says Plomin, “the first specific gene ever associated w
49、ith general intelligence.“ Plomin“s colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51 children each, all 6 to 15 years old and living in six counties around Cleveland. In one group, the average IQ is 103. All the children are white. Isolating the blood cells, the researchers then examined each child“s chromosome 6. Of the 37 landmarks on chromosome 6 that the researchers looked for, one jumped out: a form of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in the high-IQ group as in the average group32 percent versus 16 percent. The study, in the May issue of the journal P
