1、职称英语卫生类 A 级分类模拟 8 及答案解析(总分：70.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.The reason why he adapted to the new situations quickly is that he has a flexible attitude.（分数：1.00）A.changeableB.alternateC.movableD.adjustable2.The dentist has decided to take out the girl“s bad tooth.（分数：1.00）A.digB.drawC
2、.pullD.extract3.During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.（分数：1.00）A.permanentB.powerfulC.strikingD.practical4.The details of the costume were totally authentic .（分数：1.00）A.realB.outstandingC.creativeD.false5.The manager allocates duties to the clerks.
3、（分数：1.00）A.assignsB.persuadesC.asksD.orders6.The architecture is harmonious and no building is over six-storey high.（分数：1.00）A.old-fashionedB.traditionalC.conventionalD.balanced7.It is absurd to go out in such terrible weather.（分数：1.00）A.ridiculousB.funnyC.oddD.interesting8.The architecture is harmo
4、nious and no building is over six-storey high._（分数：1.00）A.old-fashionedB.traditionalC.conventionalD.balanced9.At the first explosion, the crowd scattered .（分数：1.00）A.separatedB.fledC.departedD.spread10.The union representative put across her argument very effectively.（分数：1.00）A.explainedB.inventedC.
5、consideredD.accepted二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Irradiating FoodIrradiating fruits, vegetables, pork and chicken to kill insects and bacteria has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration over the past decade or so. Irradiation of other meats, such as beef and lamb, is being reviewed. Federa
6、l approval does not require that industry adopt the process, and few food processors presently offer irradiated products. Market studies have shown that many consumers are afraid that eating irradiated foods may cause cancer, despite scientific studies that prove the safety of treated foods. Some pe
7、ople argue that more severe government inspection, higher food-safety standards, and more careful-preparation practices by consumers are all that is needed to ensure that food is safe. Consequently, companies currently see no need to spend millions of dollars outfitting processing plants with the eq
8、uipment necessary for a process that very few shoppers are in favor of. All supermarkets that sell irradiated food must label the food either directly on the packaging, or, in the case of bulk items like fruits and vegetables, by placing a sign nearby. There is no requirement for the labeling of irr
9、adiated food served by chain restaurants or hospitals that buy directly from distributors, nor any regulations for products that contain irradiated ingredients. Presently, the FDA allows food to be treated with three types of radiationgamma rays, high-energy electrons, and X raysand sets limits on d
10、oses, depending on the type of food. The principle is that the dose to be used for a certain type of food should not exceed the amount that is sufficient to kill most harmful insects and bacteria present in it. Different types of food, because of their molecular compositions, may require different d
11、oses of radiation.（分数：7.00）(1).According to the passage, killing insects and bacteria present in foods by irradiating is not completely approved by the U.S. government.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).There are quite a number of food processors which are interested in producing irritated fo
12、ods.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Some consumers are doubtful of the safety of irradiated foods and suggest a more severe government inspection be taken.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Some companies foresee the promising future of setting up food processing factories, although
13、 they do not see the need now.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).It is required that labels placed on irradiated food or nearby bulk items such as vegetables and fruits should indicate irradiated ingredients.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Restaurants can serve irradiated food bough
14、t directly from distributors without labeling it.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The passage tells us that FDA approves irradiating food to some extent but irradiated food is not widely accepted.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)CancerCancer is a group
15、of many related diseases that begin in cells, the body“s basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does
16、not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth or tumor. Benign (良性的) tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant (恶性的) tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal
17、 and divide without control or order. Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene changes that lea
18、d to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun, or exposure to carcinogens (致癌物) in the workplace or in the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited. Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy (化疗), hormone therapy,
19、and biological therapy. The doctor may use one method or a combination of methods, depending on the type and location of the cancer, whether the disease has spread, the patient“s age and general health, and other factors. Because treatment for cancer can also damage healthy cells and tissues, it oft
20、en causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options, weighing the likely benefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possible side effects. Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent o
21、f the disease, and the patient“s tolerance for pain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows and presses against bones, organs, or nerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However, pain can generally be relieved or reduced with prescription medicines or over-the-counter drugs recommended
22、by the doctor.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1 A. Does cancer always cause pain? B. Can cancer be prevented? C. What is cancer? D. How common is cancer? E. What causes cancer? F. How is cancer treated?（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(5).Cancer occurs
23、when cells in the body divide without 1. A. prescription medicines B. control or order C. tolerance for pain D. various factors E. normal genes F. side effects（分数：1.00）(6).Gene alterations may be caused by 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Treatment for cancer may also bring about some 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Cancer patients m
24、ay differ in their 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Florida Hit by Cold Air MassIn January, 2003, the eastern two-thirds of the United States was at the mercy of a bitterly cold air mass that has endangered Florida“s citrus trees, choked northern harbors with ice and left
25、bewildered residents of North Carolina“s Outer Bands digging out of up to a foot of snow. The ice chill deepened as temperatures fell to the single digits in most of the South, with an unfamiliar dip below the freezing mark as far south as parts of interior South Florida. Temperatures in Florida plu
26、nged, with West Palm Beach dropping to a record low of 2 degrees. “We couldn“t believe how cold it was,“ said Martin King, who arrived this week in Orlando from England. “We brought shorts, T-shirt, and I had to go out and buy another coat.“ The temperature plunge posed a threat to Florida“s USD-9.1
27、-billion-a-year citrus crop, more of which is still on the trees. Growers were hurrying to harvest as much of the fruit as possible before it was damaged by cold. “Time is of the essence in getting fruit to the plant,“ said Tom Rogers, a citrus grower who expected to see damage to oranges and grapef
28、ruit at that time. In Florida, Governor Jeb Bush signed an emergency order to eliminate the weight limit on trucks so citrus growers could get as much fruit to market as possible. Casey Pace, a spokeswoman for Florida Citrus Mutual, said growers had sprayed trees with sprinklers, which created a lay
29、er of ice and helped maintain a temperature near freezing. Citrus trees are considered in danger of damage if the temperature drops below minus 2 degrees Celsius for four hours or more. Snow ranging from a dusting to up to 30 centimeters blanketed the Carolinas, Tennessee and parts of Virginia.（分数：1
30、5.00）(1).Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the first paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.The cold air mass was a threat to Florida“s citrus crop.B.The temperature in the United States except the South dropped below the freezing mark.C.The northern harbors were blocked with ice.D.The eastern two
31、-thirds of the United States was hit by air mass.(2).According to the second paragraph, in which areas did the temperature fall below zero?（分数：3.00）A.Most of the south.B.Parts of interior south Florida.C.West Palm Beach.D.All of the above.(3).King“s statement that “We brought shorts, T-shirts, and I
32、 had to go out and buy another coat“ shows that _.（分数：3.00）A.he was caught by the sudden coldB.he needed formal clothesC.fashion in Florida in temptingD.Florida is hot compared with England(4).Governor Jeb Bush issued the emergency order because he _.（分数：3.00）A.thought speed limit for truck was unre
33、asonableB.tried to improve the traffic condition of the express waysC.wanted to encourage trucks to transport as much fruit to market as possibleD.wanted to stop trucks from carrying too much fruit to market(5).Which statement is NOT true according to the last paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Sprinklers were us
34、ed to protect citrus tress from being damaged.B.Cirtrus trees would be damaged if the temperature drops below minus 2 for four hours.C.The Carolinas, Tennessee and parts of Virginia were covered with snow.D.Florida Citrus Mutual sprayed trees with sprinklers for citrus growers.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)E
35、xplorer of the Extreme DeepOceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet. Yet, just a small fraction of the underwater world has been explored. Now, Scientists at the Woods Holel Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle hat will carry explorers as deep a
36、s 6,500 meters (21,320 feet). The new machine, known as a manned submersible or human-operated vehicle (HOV), will replace another one named Alvin which bas an amazing record of discovery, playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions. Alvin has been operating for 40 years
37、but can go down only 4,500 meters (14,784 feet). It“s about time for an upgrade, WHOI researchers say. Alvin was launched in 1964. Since then, Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year, says Daniel Fornari, a marine geologist and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI. Durin
38、g its lifetime, Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a total of more than 3,000 dives. A newer, better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises about a world that is still full of mysteries, Fornari says. It might also make the job of exploration a little easier. “We take so much
39、for granted on land,“ Fornari says. “We can walk around and see with our eyes how big things are. We can see colors, special arrangements.“ Size-wise, the new HOV will be similar to Alvin. It“ll be about 37 feet long. The setting area inside will be a small sphere, about 8 feet wide, like Alvin, it“
40、ll carry a pilot and two passengers. It will be just as maneuverable. In most other ways, it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view, for one thing. Alvin has only three windows, the new vehicle will have five, with more overlap so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same
41、 thing. Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second, and its maximum speed is 2 knots (about 2.3 miles per hour), while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second. It“ll reach speeds of 3 knots, or 3.5 miles per hour.（分数：15.00）(1).What is Alvin?（分数：3.
42、00）A.A research institute.B.A transporting vehicle.C.A submersible.D.A scientist.(2).Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin?（分数：3.00）A.It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters.B.It has played a key role in various important undersea expeditions.C.It was launched in the six
43、ties of the twentieth century.D.It has been used for more than 40 years.(3).“.a world that is still full of mysteries“ refers to（分数：3.00）A.the earth.B.out space.C.the ocean.D.Mars.(4).In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin similar?（分数：3.00）A.Size.B.Speed.C.Capacity.D.Shape.(5).In what aspects are
44、 the new HOV and Alvin different?（分数：3.00）A.Offering better views.B.Speed.C.Size.D.Both A and B.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The WastelandA new catastrophe faces Afghanistan. The American bombing campaign is conspiring with years of civil conflict and drought to create an environmental crisis. Humanitarian
45、and political concerns are dominating the headlines. But they are also masking the disappearance of the country“s once rich habitat and wildlife, which are quietly being crushed by war. The UN is dispatching a team of investigators to the region next month to evaluate the damage. “A healthy environm
46、ent is a prerequisite for rehabilitation,“ says Klaus Topfer, head of the UN Environment Programme. Much of south-east Afghanistan was once lush forest watered by monsoon rains. Forests now cover less than 2 percent of the country. “The worst deforestation occurred during Taliban rule, when its timb
47、er mafia denuded forests to sell to Pakistani markets,“ says Usman Qazi, an environmental consultant based in Quetta, Pakistan. And the intense bombing intended to flush out the last of the Taliban troops is destroying or burning much of what remains. The refugee crisis is also wrecking the environm
48、ent, and much damage may be irreversible. Forests and vegetation are being cleared for much-needed farming, but the gains are likely to be only short-term. “Eventually the land will be unfit for even the most basic form of agriculture,“ warns Hammad Naqi of the World Wide Fund for Nature in Pakistan
49、. Refugeesaround 4 million as the last countare also cutting into forests for firewood. The hail of bombs falling on Afghanistan is making life particularly hard for the country“s wildlife. Birds such as the pelican and endangered Siberian crane cross eastern Afghanistan as they follow one of the world“s great migratory thoroughfares from Siberia to Pakistan and India. But the number of the birds flying across the region has dropped by a staggering 85 percent. “Cranes are very sensitive and they do not use the route if they see any danger,“ says Ashiq Ahgmad, an environment
