1、职称英语卫生类 A 级分类模拟 5 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、补全短文(总题数：7，分数：100.00)What We Take from and Give to the SeaAs long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it. We take fishes from the oceanmillions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millio
2、ns of people, 1 We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. 2 Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are p
3、earls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. 3 Seaweed becomes food of many kindseven candy, and ice creamas well as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. 4 But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed. In the futu
4、re, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the ocean while the salts are removed. The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give the sea? Garbage. 5 Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it. Dumping garb
5、age into the ocean is killing off sea life. Water pollution does not only cause great environmental damage but also is the leading of deaths and diseases which should be responsible for the deaths of more than 14,000 people each day, mostly in developing countries. Yet as the world population grows,
6、 we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever. We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late. A. Natural sponges become cleaning aids. B. We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump. C. The area of the sea is becomin
7、g smaller and smaller. D. Along with salt, other minerals left after evaporation. E. We even use their bones for fertilizer. F. Some of its contents may cause illness.（分数：10.00）Public RelationsPublic relation is a broad set of planned communications about the company, including publicity releases, d
8、esigned to promote goodwill and a favorable image. Publicity then is part of public relations when it is initiated by the firm, 6 . Since public relations involve communications with stockholders, financial analysts, government officials, and other noncustomer groups, it is usually placed outside th
9、e marketing department, perhaps as a staff department or outside consulting firm reporting to top management. This organizational placement can be a limitation because the public relations department or consultant will likely not be in tune with marketing efforts. Poor communication and no coordinat
10、ion may be the consequences. 7 , this influence generally may be less than that provided by the other components of the public image mix. Publicity may be in the form of news releases 8 Publicity on the other hand should not be divorced from the marketing department, as it can provide a useful adjun
11、ct to the regular advertising. Furthermore, 9 ; some can result from an unfavorable press as a reaction to certain actions or lack of actions that are controversial or even downright ill-advised. The point we wish to emphasize is that a firm is deluding itself if it thinks its public relations funct
12、ion, whether within the company or an outside firm, can take care of public image problems and opportunities. Many factors impact on the public image. Many of these have to do with the way the firm does business, 10 Public relations and directed publicity may help highlight favorable newsworthy even
13、ts, and may even succeed in toning down the worst of unfavorable publicity, but the other components of the public image mix create more lasting impressions. A. that have favorable overtones for the company initiated by the public relations department B. not all publicity is initiated by the firm C.
14、 usually in the form of press releases or press conferences D. such as its product quality, the servicing and handling of complaints, and the tenor of the advertising E. what it means to the company is F. Although the basic purpose of public relations is to provide positive influence on the public i
15、mage（分数：15.00）How did She Conquer the American?African-American talk show queen Oprah Winfrey is the world“s most powerful celebrity, according to Forbes magazine. 11 Winfrey, 51, draws 30 million viewers weekly in the United States. Her talk show reaches 112 countries. She earned US $225 million ov
16、er the past 12 months to rank second in celebrity riches. The annual Forbes list gives most weight to annual earnings. 12 “After 21 years, her exciting chat show still rules the airwaves. It created new celebrities and hundreds of millions of dollars in profits,“ the magazine said. Winfrey is most p
17、opular with her popular talk show “The Oprah Winfrey Show“. She can always attract the superstars and let them open up to her intimate interviewing style. Last month, American actor Tom Cruise, 42, surprised fans when he celebrated his new romance with 26-year-old actress Katie Holmes. He jumped up
18、and down, shouting “I“m in love.“ Only a few years ago, Cruise and his ex-wife Nicole Kidman appeared separately on the same show telling the news of their divorce. 13 Winfrey“s approach appears to be simple. She is in pursuit of self-improvement and self-empowerment (自强). This has proved to be just
19、 what people, especially women, want. Winfrey often talks about her personal secrets on her show. That pulls in viewers. For example, she revealed that she had been sexually abused as a child, and has spoken freely of her struggle with her weight. Winfrey was born to a poor family in Mississippi in
20、1954. 14 At the age of 19, she became the youngest person and the first African-American woman to anchor (主持) a news programme. Her success has not just been on the screen. Her media group includes a women“s TV network and websites for women. Winfrey“s work has extended to social change. 15 She test
21、ified before the US Senate to establish a national database of dangerous child abusers. President Bill Clinton later signed “Oprah Bill“ into law. A. But it also looks at the celebrity“s presence on the Internet and in the media. B. In 1991, she did a lot of work for the National Child Protection Ac
22、t. C. She was not a very successful woman. D. She began broadcasting while still at high school. E. It placed Winfrey at the top of its annual ranking of the 100 people last week. F. The couple had been tight-lipped about their break-up.（分数：15.00）A New Medicine to Treat both AIDS and Hepatitis BA me
23、dicine approved last month to treat AIDS (艾滋病) also shows promise against hepatitis B (乙型肝炎). The drug, 3TC, puts down the hepatitis B virus in people with chronic infections, stopping its damage to the liver, researchers reported. About one million Americans are thought to be infected with hepatiti
24、s B, which can lead to cirrhosis (肝硬化), liver failure and liver cancer in a small proportion of victims if left untreated. 16 “It“s a preliminary study, but this is promising. It looks like it has the potential to make a significant impact on hepatitis B,“ said Dr. Jules L. Dienstag of Massachusetts
25、 General Hospital, who directed the study. Currently the only treatment for hepatitis B is interferon (干扰素). Such a treatment can permanently eliminate the virus in about one-third of patients. 17 In the latest study, doctors found that 3TC appeared to knock out the virus permanently in about 20% of
26、 patients when given for three months. 18 Unlike interferon, 3TC is given in pill form and carries few side effects. The drug was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in November for use against AIDS. Both the hepatitis B virus and the AIDS virus need a protein to reproduce. 19 Doctors have
27、tested similar AIDS drugs against hepatitis B but all except 3TC have turned out to be ineffective or too toxic (有毒的). Dr. Jay Hoofnagle of the National Institutes of Health said a next step will be to combine 3TC with interferon to see if the two drugs together improve the chance of curing hepatiti
28、s B. “It looks extremely promising,“ he said of 3TC. 20 A. Interferon must be injected for four to six months and often has unpleasant side effects, including flu-like symptoms, fatigue and depression. B. The hospital is among the biggest ones in America. C. Dienstag said he hopes that with longer t
29、reatment, this response rate can be doubled. D. “It“s not the answer, but it“s a step in the right direction.“ E. Perhaps 20% of these patients have lingering (迁延性的) infections that would benefit from treatment. F. 3TC is one of a group of drugs that block production of this protein.（分数：15.00）Home S
30、choolingAll children in the United States have to receive an education, but the law does not say they have to be educated at school. A number of parents prefer not to send their children to school. 21 There are about 300,000 home-schoolers in the United States today. Some parents prefer teaching the
31、ir children at home because they do not believe that public schools teach the correct religious values, others believe they can provide a better educational experience for their children by teaching them at home. 22 David Guterson and his wife teach their three children at home. Guterson says that h
32、is children learn very differently from children in school. 23 For example, when there is heavy snowfall on a winter day, it may start a discussion or reading about climate, snow removal equipment, Alaska, polar bears, and winter tourism. On spring evening when the family is out watching the stars i
33、s a good time to ask questions about satellites and the space program. 24 Home schooling is often more interesting than regular schools, but critics say that home-schoolers are outsiders who might be uncomfortable mixing with other people in adult life. 25 However, most parents don“t have the time o
34、r the desire to teach their children at home, so schools will continue to be where most children get their formal education. A. Interestingly, results show that home-schooled children quite often do better than average on national tests in reading and math. B. Critics also say that most parents are
35、not well qualified to teach their children. C. Learning starts with the children“s interests and questions. D. Children who are educated at home are known as home-schoolers. E. In some countries, there are children who are educated by their parents at home instead of by teachers at school. F. If the
36、 Brazilian rain forests are on the TV news, it could be a perfect time to talk about how rain forests influence the climate, how deserts are formed, and how the polar ice caps affect ocean levels.（分数：15.00）False Fear of Big FishMany people believe sharks (鲨鱼) are dangerous and will always try to hur
37、t or even kill humans. 26 A shark exhibition at the National Aquarium (水族馆) in Baltimore, US, proves this. Visitors can touch young sharks, see their eggs develop and watch a dozen different species swim smoothly around a huge tank. Most people fail to realize that shark attacks don“t happen very of
38、ten. Humans are more likely to be killed by lightning than by a shark. 27 There, kids can learn, from an early age, not to fear sharks. “People fear what they don“t know,“ said Nancy Hotchkiss, an organizer of the exhibition. “Sharks have been around for 400 million years and play an important role
39、in the ocean“s food chain. We want people to discover that sharks are amazing animals that need our respect and protection. “ 28 A study, published in January in the US magazine, Science , found that almost all recorded shark species have fallen by half in the past eight to fifteen years. Thousands
40、of sharks are hunted in Asia for special foods, such as shark fin (鱼翅) soup. And many others get caught in nets, while fishermen are hunting other fish. 29 “Some fishing methods are actually cleaning out the ocean for sharks,“ said Dave Schofield, the manager of the aquarium“s ocean health programme
41、. 30 A. They can watch them develop inside their eggs and feed the skin of the older swimmers. B. A shocking 100 million sharks are killed every year around the world by humans. C. In fact, 94 per cent of the world“s 400 species are harmless to humans. D. It is a worrying situation and some areas ha
42、ve put measures in place to protect these special fish. E. And to make this point clear, the museum has set up a special touching pool for children. F. More than half of the sharks caught are smaller than one metre long.（分数：15.00）Crop Circle MysteriesThey are giant geometric patterns, which appear o
43、ver-night in a field of crops. Many people believe that they are made by aliens. 31 “Crop circle“, as the mysterious patterns are called, became a hot phrase this month. 32 It“s believed to be the world“s first three-dimensional crop circle. The giant crop circle gives an impression of looking down
44、on skyscrapers from above. 33 Crop circles were first widely noticed in the late 1970s as many mysterious circles began appearing in crop fields throughout the English countryside. People were intrigued by these giant patterns. They were huge (at least tens of meters in diameters) and popped up over
45、-night. 34 Various scientific and pseudo-scientific explanations were put forward to explain the phenomenon. Some hold that they were left by alien spaceships. Others say that they are simply an elaborate prank. 35 To date, thousands of circles have been discovered all over the globe, from the forme
46、r Soviet Union to Japan to Canada. A. A strange pattern 360 feet (110 meters) in diameter was discovered earlier this month in a wheat field in Oxfordshire, England. B. Others call them hoaxes. C. No one knew how or by whom they were made. D. The design“s discovery immediately generated a new tide o
47、f public interest in this mysterious phenomenon. E. Farmers often make crop circles for fun. F. But rather than discovering the truth, people saw increasingly complicated circles appear worldwide.（分数：15.00）职称英语卫生类 A 级分类模拟 5 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、补全短文(总题数：7，分数：100.00)What We Take from and Give
48、to the SeaAs long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it. We take fishes from the oceanmillions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people, 1 We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a
49、shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. 2 Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. 3 Seaweed becomes food of many kindseven candy, and ice creamas well as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. 4 But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed. In the future, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the ocean while th
