1、职称英语卫生类 A级分类模拟 11及答案解析(总分：78.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.The manager allocates duties to the clerks.（分数：1.00）A.assignsB.persuadesC.asksD.orders2.He never grumbled about working overtime.（分数：1.00）A.talkedB.wroteC.spokeD.complained3.Many cities have restricted smoking in public places
2、.（分数：1.00）A.limitedB.allowedC.stoppedD.kept4.We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.（分数：1.00）A.investigatedB.offeredC.includedD.accepted5.They converted the spare bedroom into an office.（分数：1.00）A.reducedB.turnedC.movedD.reformed6.I am heartily grateful to your help.（分数：1.00）A.he
3、lpfulB.hatefulC.delightfulD.thankful7.If wool is put into hot water, it tends to shrink .（分数：1.00）A.disappearB.expandC.breakD.contract8.She has been the subject of massive media coverage._（分数：1.00）A.extensiveB.negativeC.responsiveD.explosive9.Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and
4、 exercise habits.（分数：1.00）A.removedB.curedC.worsenedD.relieved10.It is absurd to go out in such terrible weather.（分数：1.00）A.ridiculousB.funnyC.oddD.interesting二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Race into SpaceAmerican millionaire Dennis Tito will always be famous. He was the first tourist in space. “I s
5、pent sixty years on Earth and eight days in space and from my viewpoint, it was two separate lives,“ Tito explained. He loved his time in space. “Being in space and looking back at earth is one of the most rewarding experiences a human being can have.“ This kind of experience isn“t cheap. It cost $
6、20 million. However, Tito achieved his dream, so he was happy. “For me it was a life dream. It was a dream that began when I didn“t have any money,“ he told reporters. On April 30, 2002, Mark Shuttleworth became the world“s second space tourist. Shuttleworth is a South African businessman. At the ag
7、e of twenty-eight, he also paid $20 million for the eight-day trip. Both Tito and Shuttleworth bought their tickets from a company called Space Adventures. The company has around 100 people already on their waiting list for flights into space. The spaceship to take them doesn“t exist yet. Many of th
8、e customers are persons who like adventure. They are the kind of people who also want to climb Mount Qomolangma. Other customers are people who love space. However, these people are worried. Because it“s so expensive, only very rich people can go into space. They want space travel to be available to
9、 more people. That day may soon be here. Inter Orbital Systems (IOS) plans to send up to four tourists a week into space. The tours will depart from an island in Tonga. The company promises a package that includes forty-five days of astronaut training in Russia and California, seven days in space, a
10、nd a vacation in Tonga, for $2 million. However, space flight is still very dangerous. Bill Readdy is NASA“s deputy assistant administrator for space flight. He says that the chances of dying are about 1 in 500. Because of this it may take time before space tourism really takes off. You might be abl
11、e to go up, but will you come down?（分数：7.00）(1).Dennis Tito was the first tourist in space.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Mark Shuttleworth is an engineer from the United States.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Both Tito and Shuttleworth have climbed Mount Qomolangma.（分数：1.00）A.R
12、ightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Space Adventures has about 100 customers waiting for their travel into space.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Space Adventures already has a spaceship.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).IOS will send its tourists into space from Tonga.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.W
13、rongC.Not mentioned(7).Bill Readdy thinks space flight is very dangerous.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：16.00)Exercising Your MemoryAging does not mean a dramatic decline in memory power, unless you help it happen by letting your mind go. That“s not to say that memo
14、ry doesn“t change throughout life. Researchers divide memory into categories based on the length of time when memories are stored. One system divides it up as short-term (less than one minute; remembering a telephone number while you dial, for instance), long-term (over a period of years) and very l
15、ong-term memory (over a lifetime). Short-term memory isn“t mastered until about age 7, but after that you never lose it. Long-term memory, however, involves more effort and skill and changes through life. It“s not until the early teens that most people develop a mature long-term memory. First, we mu
16、st get information into our heads through learning. Learning strategies can get rusty (生锈的、迟钝的) without constant use. High school and college students, who are forced to repeatedly exercise their long-term memory abilities (at least long-term enough to get them through a final exam), usually do well
17、 on memory tests. The longer you stay in school, the more chance you get to polish your learning skills. It“s no wonder that more highly educated people have more effective memory skills throughout life. Although older people in general learn somewhat more slowly than they did when younger, a dramat
18、ic difference exists between those who stay intellectually activereading, discussing, taking classes, thinkingand those who do not. Giving the brain a daily workout is just as important as exercising your muscles. Brainwork keeps your learning strategies in shape, and this helps your memory to funct
19、ion at full capacity. The next part of a healthy long-term memory is retention (保持力，记忆力), the ability to store what you have learned. Memory researchers still do not know whether memories are lostwhether they still exist in the brain but our mental searching cannot turn them up, or have disappeared
20、entirely as our brain ages. The third necessity for memory is recall, the ability to mind the memories we have stored. Again, while aging has widely different effects on the recall abilities of different people, research indicates that the older we get, the longer it takes to recall facts. But slowe
21、r recall is still recall. In fact, aging does not seem to have any effect on forgetting at all, which takes place at the same rate in younger and older people.（分数：16.00）(1).Paragraph 3 1. A. Effects of aging on a person“s recall ability B. Short-term memory versus long-term memory C. Retention as th
22、e second necessity for memory D. Link between learning strategies and effective memory skills E. Significance of exercising your muscles F. Importance of staying intellectually active（分数：2.00）(2).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：2.00）(3).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：2.00）(4).Paragraph 6 1.（分数：2.00）(5).Retention refers to 1.
23、A. to the proper function of your memory B. is called long-term memory C. the capacity to store what you have learned D. belongs to very long-term memory E. the ability to remain mentally healthy F. for younger and older people（分数：2.00）(6).The rate of forgetting is the same 1.（分数：2.00）(7).Rememberin
24、g something all your life 1.（分数：2.00）(8).Exercising your brain every day is beneficial 1.（分数：2.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)U.S. Blacks Hard-Hit by CancerDeath rates for cancer are falling for all Americans, but black Americans are still more likely to die of cancer than whites
25、, the American Cancer Society said Monday. In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites, and they are more likely to die of the disease. This could be because of unequal(不平等的)access to medical care, because blacks are more
26、 likely to have other diseases as well, and perhaps because of differences in the biology (生物学) of the cancer itself, the report added. “In general, black Americans have less hope of surviving five years after diagnosis than whites for all cancer sites and all stages of diagnosis,“ the report said.
27、“In describing cancer statistics for black Americans, this report recognizes that many of the differences associated with race may be caused by unfair social and economic differences and unequal access to medical care.“ The cancer society said blacks should be encouraged to get check-ups (体格检查) earl
28、ier, when cancer is more treatable, and it said more research is needed to see if biological differences play a role. “The new statistics emphasize the continuing importance of wiping out these unfair social differences through public policy and education efforts,“ the organization said in a stateme
29、nt. But it also noted a drop in cancer death rates. “Cancer death rates in both sexes for all sites combined have dropped greatly among black Americans since 1992, as have incidence rates(发生率),“ said the report.（分数：15.00）(1).Black Americans are more likely to die of cancer than _.（分数：3.00）A.people i
30、n other countriesB.white AmericansC.all other AmericansD.their ancestors(2).Which may NOT be a reason for higher cancer death rates among the U. S. blacks?（分数：3.00）A.Unequal access to medical care.B.Greater probability of having other diseases.C.Differences in the biology of the cancer.D.Early diagn
31、osis.(3).Cancer is more treatable if it is detected _.（分数：3.00）A.in an early stageB.in a late stageC.all of a suddenD.together with other diseases(4).Public policy and education efforts may help to do away with _.（分数：3.00）A.death ratesB.various cancersC.unfair social differencesD.biological differen
32、ces(5).Since 1992, cancer death rates among black Americans _.（分数：3.00）A.have been going up and downB.have remained stableC.have increasedD.have fallen六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Diabetes (糖尿病) and Eye DamageOver 2 million Canadians have diabetes. It is the leading cause of blindness in North Americans und
33、er 65 years of age. Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot produce enough insulin (胰岛素) or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important because it moves glucose (葡萄糖), a simple sugar, into the body“s cells from the blood. The food people eat provides the body with glucose,
34、which is used by the cells as a source of energy. If insulin isn“t available or doesn“t work correctly to move glucose from the blood into the cells, glucose will stay in the blood, leading to high blood sugar levels. High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels, including the tiny blood vessels
35、 in the eye. This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy (糖尿病型视网膜病). The retina (视网膜) is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals. With diabetic retinopathy, some blood vessels in the retina are lost, and some of the other blood vessels begin to “leak“ bloo
36、d. This causes the retina to swell and gradually cuts off its supply of oxygen and nutrients (滋养物). Eventually, the retina starts to grow new blood vessels to replace the damaged ones. Unfortunately, these new vessels are not as strong as the old ones. They are more likely to break, causing bleeding
37、 in the eye. At first, people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms. As the disease gets worse, they may notice blurred (模糊的) vision, black spots or flashing lights. As time goes on, it can progress to blindness. Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic retinopathy, and the ri
38、sk increases the longer you“ve had diabetes. Fortunately, you can reduce your risk if you do not have diabetes, but think you may be at risk for this condition. Visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes. If you do have diabetes: have frequent eye check-ups. Make sure that you monitor your blood
39、sugar frequently and use your medications as recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to show that keeping your blood sugar under tight control can slow down eye damage. If you have high blood pressure, follow your recommended diet and medications to keep it under control. If you are not sure w
40、hether you have high blood pressure, or whether your blood pressure is under control, discuss this with your doctor.（分数：15.00）(1).Glucose cannot be turned into energy in the body _.（分数：3.00）A.without diabetesB.without sugarC.without insulinD.without food(2).The word “its“ in the second paragraph ref
41、ers to _.（分数：3.00）A.the nerve“sB.the blood“sC.the eye“sD.the retina“s(3).With diabetic retinopathy, the damaged blood vessels in the retina _.（分数：3.00）A.are stronger than what they used to beB.cannot be properly replacedC.are more likely to break than the new onesD.may return to normal again(4).The
42、worst eye damage induced by diabetes is _.（分数：3.00）A.blurred visionB.black spotsC.blindnessD.flashing lights(5).To slow down eye damage, people with diabetes should try to _.（分数：3.00）A.use as many medications as they canB.eat as little as possibleC.wear glasses as often as possibleD.keep their blood
43、 sugar under tight control七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Milk That Paid a Medical BillOne day, a poor boy who was selling goods from door to door to pay his way through school found he had only one thin dime (10分钱) left, and he was hungry. He decided he would ask for a meal at the next house. However, he lost
44、 his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you? You don“t owe me anything,“ she replied. “Mother has taught us nev
45、er to accept pay for a kindness.“ He said, “Then I thank you from my heart.“ As Howard Kelly left that house, he not only felt stronger physically, but his faith in God and man was strong also. He had been ready to give up and quit. Years later that young woman became critically ill. The local docto
46、rs were baffled (感到困惑).They finally sent her to the big city, where they called in specialists to study her rare disease. Dr. Howard Kelly was called in for the consultation. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Immediately he rose and went down the hall
47、 of the hospital to her room. Dressed in his doctor“s gown he went in to see her. He recognized her at once. He went back to the consultation room determined to do his best to save her life. From that day he gave special attention to the case. After a long struggle, the battle was won. Dr. Kelly req
48、uested the business office to pass the final bill to him for approval. He looked at it; then wrote something on the edge and the bill was sent to her room. She feared to open it, for she was sure it would take the rest of her life to pay for it all. Finally she looked, and something caught her atten
49、tion on the side of the bill. She read these words: “Paid in full with one glass of milk.“ Tears of joy flooded her eyes as her happy heart prayed: “Thank You, God, that Your love has spread abroad through human hearts and hands.“（分数：15.00）(1).The boy sold goods from door to door because _.（分数：3.00）A.he wanted to help support his familyB.he needed money for schoolC.he had to pay back a student loanD.he did not have enough pocket money(2).But for the young woman“s kind deed, the boy could _.（分数：3.00）A.have given up and quitB.have so
