1、职称英语卫生类 A级-7 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.First editions of certain popular books cannot be obtained for love or money.（分数：1.00）A.at any placeB.at any priceC.in any languageD.in any country2.Techniques to harness the energy of the sun are being developed.（分数：1.00）A.co
2、nvertB.storeC.utilizeD.receive3.Many fine cooks insist on ingredients (成分) of the highest quality.（分数：1.00）A.demandB.rely onC.prepare forD.create4.In 1861, it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would break away from the Union.（分数：1.00）A.strangeB.certainC.inconsistentD.proper5.Sally likes to
3、tease her brother about his girl friends.（分数：1.00）A.charmB.laugh atC.criticizeD.respect6.The most pressing problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.（分数：1.00）A.puzzlingB.difficultC.terrifyingD.urgent7.The company recommended that a new petrol station (should) be built here
4、.（分数：1.00）A.orderedB.insistedC.suggestedD.demanded8.The police contended that the difficulties they faced were too severe.（分数：1.00）A.arguedB.predictedC.saidD.suggested9.You have to follow the guide whose sole interest is to cover all spots according to his strict schedule.（分数：1.00）A.obviousB.simpleC
5、.onlyD.assumed10.He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress.（分数：1.00）A.despairB.difficultyC.needD.danger11.Sulfur has occasionally been found in the earth in an almost pure state.（分数：1.00）A.regularlyB.accidentallyC.sometimesD.successfully12.Americas emphasis on the importance of educati
6、on for everyone has spurred scientific research.（分数：1.00）A.encouragedB.endangeredC.endorsedD.enlarged13.In a bullfight, it is the movement, not the color of objects that arouses the bull.（分数：1.00）A.confusesB.excitesC.scaresD.diverts14.It hard for the young people to imagine what severe conditions th
7、eir parents once lived under.（分数：1.00）A.sincereB.hardC.strictD.tight15.They agreed to settle the dispute by peaceful means.（分数：1.00）A.solveB.determineC.untieD.complete二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。BAn Observat
8、ion and an Explanation/BIt is worth looking at one or two aspects of the way a mother behaves towards her baby. The usual fondling, cuddling and cleaning require little comment, but the position in which she holds the baby against her body when resting is rather revealing. Careful studies have shown
9、 the fact that 80 percent of mothers hold their infants in their left arms, holding them against the left side of their bodies. If asked to explain the significance of this preference most people reply that it is obviously the result of the predominance of right-handedness in the population. By hold
10、ing the babies in their left arms, the mothers keep their dominant arm free for manipulations. But a detailed analysis shows that this is not the case. True, there is a slight difference between right-handed and left-handed females; but not enough to provide adequate explanation. It emerges that 83
11、percent of right-handed mothers hold the baby on the left side, but so do 78 percent of left-handed mothers. In other words, only 22 percent of the left-handed mothers have their dominant hands free for actions. Clearly there must be some other, less obvious explanation.The only other clue comes fro
12、m the fact that the heart is on the side of the mothers body. Could it be that the sound of her heartbeat is the vital factor? And in what way? Thinking along these lines it was argued that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mother the unborn baby get used to the sound of the heart
13、beat. If this is so, then the re-discovery of this familiar sound after birth might have a claiming effect on the infant, especially as it has just been born into a strange and frighteningly new world. If this is so then the mother would, somehow, soon arrive at the discovery that her baby is more a
14、t peace if held on the left against her heart than on the right.（分数：7.00）(1).We can learn a lot by observing the position in which a mother holds her baby against her body.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Most left-handed women feel comfortable by holding their babies in their le
15、ft arm and keep the right arm free.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).The number of right-handed mothers who hold the baby on the left side exceeds that of left- handed ones by 22%. A. Right g. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).The fact that most left-handed mothers hold the
16、 baby on their left side renders the first explanation unsustainable.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).The fact that the heart is on the left side of the mothers body provides the most convincing explanation of all.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).A baby held i
17、n the right arm of its mother can be easily frightened.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).The writers explanation of the phenomenon is supported by the fact that babies tend to be more peaceful if held in their mothers left arms than in the right arms.（分数：1.00）A.A Right B.B Wrong C
18、.CNot mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)下面的短文后有 2项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 25段每段选择 1个最佳标题；(2)第 2730题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定 1个最佳选项。BMuseums in the Modern World/B1. Museums have changed. They are no longer places for the privileged few or for bored vacationers to visit on rainy days. Action
19、 and democracy are words used in descriptions of museums now.2. At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, you can look at 17th century instruments while listening t
20、o their music. At the Modem Museum in Sweden, you can put on costumes provided by the Stockholm Opera. As these examples show, museums are reaching out to new audiences, particularly the young, the poor, and the less educated members of the population. As a result, attendance is increasing.3. More a
21、nd more, museums directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science museums, for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for
22、himself. He can have the experience of operating a spaceship or a computer. He can experiment with glass blowing and paper making. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world (y science. The theory is that people who do not understand science will probabl
23、y fear it, and those who fear science will not use it to best advantage. Many museums now provide educational services and childrens departments. In addition to the usual displays, they also offer film showings and dance programs. Instead of being places that one “should“ visit, they are places to e
24、njoy.4. One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time. Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population. Many of these young people are college students or college graduates. They are better educated than their parents. They see things in a new and
25、 different way. They are not content to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in. The same is true of science and history. In the US, certain groups who formerly were too poor to care about anything beyond the basic needs of daily life are now becoming curious about the
26、world around them. The young people in these groups ,like young people in general, have benefited from a better education than their parents received. All these groups, and the rest of the population as well, have been influenced by television, which has taught them about other places and other time
27、s.5. The effect of all this has been to change existing museums and to encourage the building of new ones. In the US and Canada alone, there are now more than 6,000 museums, almost twice as many as there were 25 years ago. About half of them are devoted to history, and the rest are evenly divided be
28、tween the arts and sciences. The number of visitors, according to the American Association of museums, has risen to more than 700 million a year.6. In fact, the crowds of visitors at some museums are creating a major problem. Admission to museums has always been either free or very inexpensive, but
29、now some museums are charging entrance fees for the first time or raising their prices. Even when raised, however, entrance fees are generally too low to support a museum, with its usually large building and its highly trained staff.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填
30、空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Now museums are no longer restricted to the privileged few, but_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).With the development of society, people, especially the young people _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).To meet the needs of society, more museums_（分数：1.00）
31、填空项 1:_(8).Two major problems for museums are that they have too many visitors and they_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3篇短文，每篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1个最佳选项。B第一篇/BB High Stress May Damage Memory/BAccording to a report issued in May 1998, elderly people who have consistently high b
32、lood levels of cortisol dont score as well on memory tests as their peers with lower levels of the stress hormone. Whats more, high levels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus, a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory.The findings suggest that e
33、ven cortisol levels in the normal, “healthy“ range can actually accelerate brain aging.The study results “now provide substantial evidence that long-term exposure to adrenal stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans,“ write Nada Porter and Philip Land- field of the Unive
34、rsity of Kentucky in Lexington in their editorial. Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress by the adrenal glands ,which sit on top of the kidneys.Over a 5 to 6-year period ,Dr. Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24-hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers ,most of whom were i
35、n their 70s.Despite wide variation in cortisol levels, the participants could be divided into three subgroups, those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently high (increasing/high); those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently moderate (increasin
36、g/moderate); and subjects whose cortisol decreased, but was currently moderate (decreasing/moderate).The researchers tested the volunteers memory on six people in the increasing/high category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group. The groups did not differ on tests of immediate memory, bu
37、t the increasing/high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing/moderate group.The researchers also found that the total, volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing/high group was 14 % lower than those in the decreasing/moderate group, although there we
38、re no differences in other brain regions.The results suggest that “. brain aging can be accelerated by levels of adrenal hormones that are not generally regarded as pathological and that variation within, this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging, write Porter and Landfiel
39、d. “This further, suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of hippocampus. （分数：15.00）(1).The part of the brain important for a persons learning, and memory is（分数：3.00）A.the cortisol.B.the adrenal glands.C.the stress hormones.D.the hippocampus.(2).When the levels of cortisol go highe
40、r, the hippocampus in the brain may（分数：3.00）A.become larger.B.become smaller.C.disappear completely.D.be totally damaged.(3).According to the article, when people feel too worried or nervous or when they overwork,（分数：3.00）A.the adrenal glands will produce a stress hormone.B.the kidneys will produce
41、adrenal glands.C.the hippocampus will produce high levels of cortisol in the blood.D.the brain will work more effe4tivey(4).It appears that when the total volume of the hippocampus becomes smaller as a result of high blood levels of cortisol, other brain regions（分数：3.00）A.become smaller too.B.become
42、 larger.C.may remain the same in size.D.maybe damaged.(5).The research conducted by Porter and Landfield shows that（分数：3.00）A.changes in the levels of adrenal hormones have nothing to do with brain aging.B.changes in the levels of adrenal hormones may affect brain aging.C.chronic stress may strength
43、en a mans memory.D.the rate of brain aging always remains stable.B第二篇/BBProlonging Human Life/BProlonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago, Because more people live longer, the
44、re are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an in- crease in birthrates, that has 1ed to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency (依赖) load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to wor
45、k are dependent of the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine (饥荒), infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved (使挨饿), whereas if the parents
46、survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to works we also have rules which require people to
47、 retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States, many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or
48、middle-aged (中年) peoples unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare (福利)“ if they have a serious illness.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some
49、traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making o
