1、职称英语卫生类 A 级-58 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The news will horrify everyone._（分数：1.00）A.attractB.terrifyC.temptD.excite2.The commercial telephone service was no longer operative ._（分数：1.00）A.creativeB.movingC.rotatingD.working3.I won“t tolerate that kind of behavior._（分数
2、：1.00）A.bearB.acceptC.admitD.take4.My father always takes a stroll for a while after supper.（分数：1.00）A.walkB.restC.bathD.breath5.Her sister urged her to apply for the job.（分数：1.00）A.advisedB.causedC.forcedD.promised6.I think the new strategy our manager came up with won“t work in the market.（分数：1.00
3、）A.mannerB.battleC.managementD.tactic7.She bumped into her boyfriend in town this morning.（分数：1.00）A.walkedB.cameC.fledD.ran8.The conference was hailed as a great success.（分数：1.00）A.publishedB.challengedC.acclaimedD.guided9.At the age of 30, Hersey suddenly became a celebrity ._（分数：1.00）A.bossB.mana
4、gerC.starD.dictator10.Pure feldspar is a colorless, transparent mineral, but impurities commonly make it opaque and colorful._（分数：1.00）A.trulyB.rapidlyC.periodicallyD.frequently11.They are concerned for the fate of the forest and the Indians who dwell in it._（分数：1.00）A.liveB.sleepC.hideD.gather12.Fi
5、ne freshwater pearls are found in the main stream and the tributaries of the Mississippi River._（分数：1.00）A.banksB.deltasC.branchesD.currents13.The architecture is harmonious and no building is over six-storey high._（分数：1.00）A.old-fashionedB.traditionalC.conventionalD.balanced14.His eyes widened in s
6、urprise after hearing the news._（分数：1.00）A.extendedB.stretchedC.broadenedD.traversed15.She persevered in her ideas despite obvious objections raised by friends._（分数：1.00）A.persistedB.insistedC.resistedD.suggested二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The Spanish Flu EpidemicIf you“re worried about the possibil
7、ity of a coming bird flu epidemic, you can take comfort in the fact that humanity has survived a similar influenza epidemic in the past. Starting its rounds at the end of World War I, the 1918 flu killed an estimated 50 million people. Popularly known as the Spanish Flu, this type of influenza was f
8、ar worse than your common cold. Normally, influenza only kills those who are more vulnerable to disease, such as newborns, the old or the sick. However, the Spanish Flu was prone to killing the young and healthy. Often it would disable its victims in hours; within a day, they would be dead, typicall
9、y from extreme cases of pneumonia(肺炎). The Spanish Flu was quite nasty-fast-spreading and deadly. It managed to spread across the globe, devastating the world. Then suddenly, after two years ravaging(蹂躏)the Earth, it disappeared as quickly as it bad arisen. Despite its nickname, the Spanish Flu did
10、not originate in Spain. Its true origins are unknown. Some believe it started in US forts and then spread to Europe as America joined the war; others think that it populated the trenches of the English and the French and eventually broke out in 1918. Regardless of where it started, eventually a fift
11、h of the world population suffered the disease, with a global mortality rate(死亡率) estimated at 2.5% of the population. Modernity was partly to blame for the quick spread of the disease. It passed throughout the world on trade routes and shipping lines. It hit Northern America, Europe, Asia, Africa a
12、nd the South Pacific. The war did not help at allthe movement of supplies and troops aided the spread of the Spanish Flu, as well as the trench warfare. Imagine the speed at which a virus can spread in a crowded ditch. The fast emergence of the virus in the trenches caused some soldiers to believe t
13、hat the Spanish Flu was a new form of biological warfare. Luckily, the Spanish Flu simply vanished by 1920. It is believed the flu simply ran out of fuel to spread.（分数：7.00）(1).The Spanish Flu started during World War I._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The Spanish Flu posed a greater threa
14、t to the old and the sick._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).As the Spanish Flu was spreading, people in Australia were worried._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The Spanish Flu disappeared two years after it broke out._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The Spanish Flu was n
15、amed after the place where it started._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).About half of the people in the world suffered from the Spanish Flu._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Biological warfare originated in the 20th century._（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(
16、总题数：1，分数：8.00)Ward off Travel Bugs1 As the holiday season approaches, so does the prospect of jet lag, an upset stomach or sunburn. With care and some help from natural sources, however, it is quite possible to avoid these problems. 2 You can start to prepare a couple of weeks before you leave. Food
17、 poisoning will make any holiday miserable, but by taking some medicine such as lactobacillus and bifidobacteria, you can reduce the likelihood of succumbing to poisoning brought on by food or water tainted with unfamiliar bacteria. 3 By improving the bacteria balance in your digestive tract, you cr
18、owd out the pathogenic bacteria and stop them gaining a foothold. The beneficial bacteria also produce gentle but effective natural antibiotics in your gut. 4 In many holiday locations you need to remember the basics: drink bottled water, avoid undercooked meat and ensure that food hygiene is adequa
19、te. If you do succumb to food poisoning, drink plenty of water to stay hydrated and see a doctor. However, if you detect diarrhea early enough, you might like to try taking about 10 or 15 pancreatic digestive enzymes, which can digest the multiplying bacteria before they take over. 5 Taking a teaspo
20、on of silicol gel can also help. This lines the stomach and upper intestinal area and binds with bacteria and viruses, allowing them to be safely passed out of the gut. When you pack, include grapefruit-seed extract, which is an excellent all-round anti-bacterial, anti-parasitic, anti-viral and anti
21、-fungal agent. 6 Your flight can also be made more pleasant. Peppermint oil and ginger capsules ward off motion sickness, but a more delicious option is to nibble on crystallized ginger. If you tend to get earache on take-off and landing, you can use special earplugs with filler that slows down the
22、rate of change in air pressure. 7 The greatest concern is “economy class syndrome“, the popular name for deep-vein thrombosis, which can lead to blood clots traveling from the legs to the lungs, heart or brain. To reduce this, you need a couple of hours to stay hydrated, and avoid alcohol. 8 You can
23、 also reduce the severity of inflammation by taking a daily gram of vitamin C with the bioflavonoid quercetin. Vitamin C and quercetin also help to reduce prickly heat. 9 Finally, if any adverse symptoms persist while overseas, you should see a doctor.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1 A. Basics of What to
24、Eat and Drink B. Medicine Against Bacteria and Viruses C. Avoiding Holiday Troubles D. Basics of Having a Pleasant Flight E. A Teaspoonful of Helpful Silicol F. Preparations Against Food Poisoning（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 6 1（分数：1.00）(5).Food poisonin
25、g may pose a problem 1. A. when your plane is about to land B. when you are taking tablets C. when you suffer from food poisoning D. when you are travelling E. when you are packing for your tour F. when you are having a cold（分数：1.00）(6).Special earplugs can make you feel better 1.（分数：1.00）(7).It is
26、important to drink a lot of water 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Don“t forget to bring necessary medicine 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)SaunaCeremonial bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or
27、sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Co
28、lumbian Americans used sweat lodges. The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. A fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of t
29、he cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say that the smoke sauna, “savusauna“, is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are
30、 available. Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving. Those with muscle aches or arthritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation. Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold
31、but they may help to alleviate congestion and speed recovery time. The body“s core temperature usually rises 12 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever. The sauna could be considered to follow the old saying “feed a cold, starve a fever“. The regular use of a sauna may decrease the
32、 likelihood of getting a cold in the first place. Sauna is good for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in w
33、ater weight is temporary as the body“s physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. The cardiovascular system gets a work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 10015
34、0 beats per minute. A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor“s advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. Pregnant women should not take saunas, partic
35、ularly in the first three months. Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.（分数：15.00）(1).Ceremonial bathing_.（分数：3.00）A.is called the sauna by FinnsB.is equivalent to the steam bathC.has various formsD.is held in an enclosed roo
36、m(2).What is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience?（分数：3.00）A.Saunas in underground caves.B.Saunas with smoke.C.Saunas using wood burning stoves.D.Saunas using electric stoves.(3).According to the third paragraph, saunas can do all of the following EXCEPT_.（分数：3.00）A.reducing the
37、 chance of getting coldB.speeding recoveryC.relieving stressD.curing asthma(4).According to the fourth paragraph, sauna gives the skin a healthy glow because_.（分数：3.00）A.pores are cleaned by sweatB.water is lost by sweatingC.blood moves to the surface for heat exchangeD.the heart pumps harder and fa
38、ster(5).Who are advised not to take a sauna?（分数：3.00）A.Elderly people.B.Pregnant women.C.People with heart trouble.D.All of the above.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Chronic Diseases: The World“s Leading KillerChronic diseases are the leading cause of death in the world. Yet health experts say these conditions
39、 are often the most preventable. Chronic diseases include heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes(糖尿病) and lung disorders. The World Healh Organization says chronic diseases lead to about seventeen million early deaths each year. This United Nations agency expects more than three hundred eighty mill
40、ion people to die of chronic diseases by two thousand fifteen. It says about eighty percent of the deaths will happen in developing nations. The WHO says chronic diseases now cause two-thirds of all deaths in the Asia-Pacific area. In ten years it could be almost three-fourths. People are getting si
41、ck in their most economically pro ductive years. In fact, experts say chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people in poorer countries than in wealthier ones. The WHO estimates that chronic diseases will cost China alone more than five hundred thousand million dollars in the next ten years.
42、That estimate represents the costs of medical treatment and lost productivity. Russia and India are also expected to face huge economic losses. Kim Hak-Su is the head of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. Last week in Bangkok he presented a WHO report on the
43、problem. It says deaths from chronic diseases have increased largely as the result of economic gains in many countries. The report details the latest findings from nine countries. They include Brazil, Britain, Canada, China, India and Nigeria. The others are Pakistan, Russia and Tanzania. Mister Kim
44、 says infectious and parasitic(寄生的) diseases have until recently been the main killers in Asia and the Pacific. But he says they are no longer the major cause of death in most countries. Health officials say as many as eighty percent of deaths from chronic diseases could be prevented. They say an im
45、portant tool for governments is to restrict the marketing of alcohol and tobacco to young people. Also, more programs are needed to urge healthy eating and more physical activity. UN officials aim through international action to reduce chronic-disease deaths by two percent each year through two thou
46、sand fifteen. They say meeting that target could save thirty-six million lives. That includes twenty-five million in Asia and the Pacific.（分数：15.00）(1).How many people in developing countries will probably die of chronic diseases by 2015?（分数：3.00）A.More than 17 million.B.More than 380 million.C.More
47、 than 304 million.D.More than 25 million.(2).Due to chronic diseases China will have to face_.（分数：3.00）A.great pressure from other countries.B.a limited economic market.C.a shortage of the labor force.D.huge economic losses.(3).Which can NOT be learned from the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Many chronic-diseas
48、e deaths are preventable.B.Chronic diseases are the major cause of death in most countries.C.Chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people than elderly people.D.Economic gains in many countries have contributed to chronic-disease deaths.(4).Until recently the main killers in Asia and the Paci
49、fic have been_.（分数：3.00）A.economic gains.B.lost productivity.C.chronic diseases.D.infectious and parasitic diseases.(5).Which is NOT mentioned as a way to prevent chronic-disease deaths?（分数：3.00）A.Timely medical treatment.B.Healthy eating.C.More physical activity.D.Reduction in drinking and smoking.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Joyce Sipes and Mary Ellen DodgeWhen Joyce Sipes was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1999, she shared the news immediately with her sister Mary Ellen Dodge. Mary Elle
