1、职称英语卫生类 A 级-57 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Mr. Smith gradually acquired a knowledge of the subject.（分数：1.00）A.attainedB.achievedC.requiredD.got2.He impressed all his colleagues as a vigorous man in the prime of his career.（分数：1.00）A.hot-temperedB.healthyC.friendlyD.pat
2、ient3.She could not answer; it was an immense load off her heart.（分数：1.00）A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.enormous4.The book made a great impact on its readers.（分数：1.00）A.forceB.influenceC.surpriseD.power5.During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.（分数：1.00）A.p
3、ermanentB.powerfulC.strikingD.practical6.What is most obvious in this book are all those details of daily living which make Mrs. Richard anything but common.（分数：1.00）A.nothing butB.far from beingC.above allD.rather than7.According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes from the achievement
4、 of maturity.（分数：1.00）A.fulfillmentB.acquirementC.establishmentD.accomplishment8.Customers often defer payment for as long as possible.（分数：1.00）A.makeB.demandC.postponeD.obtain9.The new secretary has written a remarkably concise report only in a few pages but with all the details.（分数：1.00）A.briefB.c
5、learC.preciseD.elaborate10.Examination papers of the class were marked without bias .（分数：1.00）A.immediatelyB.correctlyC.fairlyD.carefully11.For young children, getting dressed is a complicated business.（分数：1.00）A.personalB.strangeC.funnyD.complex12.Her novel depicts an ambitious Chinese.（分数：1.00）A.w
6、ritesB.sketchesC.describesD.indicates13.Can we resume the meeting?（分数：1.00）A.stopB.beginC.startD.continue14.The manager allocates duties to the clerks.（分数：1.00）A.assignsB.persuadesC.asksD.orders15.Cement was seldom used in buildings of the Middle Ages.（分数：1.00）A.crudelyB.rarelyC.originallyD.occasion
7、ally二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Food and CancerMedical experts have suspected for many years that there is a strong link between what a person eats and cancer. They say a new study provides the first evidence that vitamins could reduce a person“s chance of developing cancer. A team of Chinese and Am
8、erican scientists did the study. They are from American National Cancer Institute and the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in Beijing. The Journal of the National Cancer Institute published the results of the study. About thirty thousand people between the ages of 40 to 69
9、 took part in the study. They were from the Northern Central Chinese area of Linxian. Most of them took vitamins and minerals every day for five years. Linxian was chosen because the people there have an extremely high rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus. Researchers believe that fungus and mold
10、s in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate. Researchers divided those into eight groups. Seven of the groups received different mixtures of vitamins and minerals daily. The amounts of the vitamins and minerals were 1 to 2 times greater than what American health officials say
11、 is needed. The eighth group received sugar pills that had no effect. Those who seemed to gain the most received a mixture of a form of vitamin A called D-carotene, vitamin E and the mineral selenium. The vitamin and mineral are believed to prevent damage to cells caused by cancer-causing substances
12、. Researchers reported a 13 percent drop in cancer rates in those who took D-carotene, vitamin E and selenium. They also found a 10 percent drop in the number of deaths caused by strokes from bursting blood vessels. Scientists warn that it is too soon to know if the effect would be the same among pe
13、ople in other countries. They note that the people in Linxian eat foods that lack necessary vitamins and minerals. Chinese officials will continue to record the health records of the people in Linxian for many years. For now officials reportedly are considering using the results of the study. They w
14、ant to find a way to improve the health of people in Linxian and other small towns in China.（分数：7.00）(1).The results of the new study are unexpected.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Among the scientists that did the study, there are more Chinese than Americans.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not m
15、entioned(3).The study lasted for about five years.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus in Linxian is the highest in China.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Fungus and molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate in L
16、inxian.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).All those people who took part in the study received vitamins and minerals.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The results of the study are of great significance to people everywhere.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1
17、，分数：8.00)Depression and the Elderly1. We all feel sad at times. However, clinical depression is a serious matter. Clinical depression, sometimes called major depression, is a biologically based brain disorder that affects one“s thoughts, feelings, behavior, and physical health. When people complain
18、that they feel terrible, they have no interest or take no pleasure in things, have trouble sleeping, lack energy, have poor appetite, or cannot concentrate, depression is a definite possibility. 2. Depression in its many forms affects more than 6.5 million of the 35 million Americans who are 65 year
19、s or older. Most older people with depression have been suffering from episodes (发作) of the illness during much of their lives. For others, depression has a first onset (起病) in late lifeeven for those in their 80s and 90s. Depression in older persons is closely associated with dependency and disabil
20、ity and causes great suffering for the individual and the family. 3. Many older people and their families don“t recognize the symptoms of depression, aren“t aware that it is a medical illness, and don“t know how it is treated. Others may mistake the symptoms of depression as signs of dementia (痴呆).
21、Also, many older people think that depression is a character flaw (缺陷) and are worried about being stigmatized (给带来耻辱). So they blame themselves for their illness and are too ashamed (耻辱的) to get help. Others worry that treatment would be too costly. 4. Older persons with depression rarely seek trea
22、tment for the illness. Unrecognized and untreated depression has fatal consequences in terms of both suicide and non-suicide mortality (死亡率). The highest rate of suicide in the US is among older white men. Depression is the single most significant risk factor for suicide in that population. Tragical
23、ly, many of those people who go on to commit suicide have reached out for help20% see a doctor the day they die, 40% the week they die, and 70% in the month they die. Yet depression is frequently missed.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1 A. How common is depression in later life? B. What is depression? C. W
24、hat relieves depression in older people? D. Why does depression in older people often go untreated? E. Can depression in older people be treated? F. What are the consequences of untreated depression in older people?（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.0
25、0）(5).Clinical depression is different from 1. A. a character flaw B. normal sadness and grief C. a definite possibility D. dependency and disability E. a significant risk factor F. unrecognized and untreated depression（分数：1.00）(6).Depression in older people is strongly linked with 1.（分数：1.00）(7).De
26、pression is regarded by many older people as 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Many older people commit suicide as a result of 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Challenge for Classical MusicThe decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the
27、talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!“ wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic. One of the reasons why the appointment came as such
28、 a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert“s appointment in the Times , calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.“ As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hi
29、therto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise. For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositi
30、ons, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes. Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitut
31、e for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of th
32、e 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today“s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed“ at a time and place of the listener“s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a cr
33、isis in the institution of the traditional classical concert. One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert“s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a
34、man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.“ But what will be the nature of that difference merely expanding the orchestra“s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationshi
35、p between Americans oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract.（分数：15.00）(1).We learn from paragraph 1 that Gilbert“s appointment has _.（分数：3.00）A.incurred criticismB.raised suspicionC.received acclaimD.aroused curiosity(2).Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is _.（分数：3.00）A.in
36、fluentialB.modestC.respectableD.talented(3).The author believes that the devoted concertgoers _.（分数：3.00）A.ignore the expenses of live performancesB.reject most kinds of recorded performancesC.exaggerate the variety of live performancesD.overestimate the value of live performances(4).According to th
37、e text, which of the following is true of recordings?（分数：3.00）A.They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.B.They are easily accessible to the general public.C.They help improve the quality of music.D.They have only covered masterpieces.(5).Regarding Gilbert“s role in revitalizing the Philh
38、armonic, the author feels _.（分数：3.00）A.doubtfulB.enthusiasticC.confidentD.puzzled六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Chronic Diseases: The World“s Leading KillerChronic diseases are the leading cause of death in the world. Yet health experts say these conditions are often the most preventable. Chronic diseases inc
39、lude heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes (糖尿病) and lung disorders. The World Health Organization says chronic diseases lead to about seventeen million early deaths each year. This United Nations agency expects more than three hundred eighty million people to die of chronic diseases by two thousa
40、nd fifteen. It says about eighty percent of the deaths will happen in developing nations. The WHO says chronic diseases now cause two-thirds of all deaths in the Asia-Pacific area. In ten years it could be almost three-fourths. People are getting sick in their most economically productive years. In
41、fact, experts say chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people in poorer countries than in wealthier ones. The WHO estimates that chronic diseases will cost China alone more than five hundred thousand million dollars in the next ten years. That estimate represents the costs of medical treatm
42、ent and lost productivity. Russia and India are also expected to face huge economic losses. Kim Hak-Su is the head of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. Last week in Bangkok he presented a WHO report on the problem. It says deaths from chronic diseases have i
43、ncreased largely as the result of economic gains in many countries. The report details the latest findings from nine countries. They include Brazil, Britain, Canada, China, India and Nigeria. The others are Pakistan, Russia and Tanzania. Mister Kim says infectious and parasitic (寄生的) diseases have u
44、ntil recently been the main killers in Asia and the Pacific. But he says they are no longer the major cause of death in most countries. Health officials say as many as eighty percent of deaths from chronic diseases could be prevented. They say an important tool for governments is to restrict the mar
45、keting of alcohol and tobacco to young people. Also, more programs are needed to urge healthy eating and more physical activity. UN officials aim through international action to reduce chronic-disease deaths by two percent each year through two thousand fifteen. They say meeting that target could sa
46、ve thirty-six million lives. That includes twenty-five million in Asia and the Pacific.（分数：15.00）(1).How many people in developing countries will probably die of chronic diseases by 2015?（分数：3.00）A.More than 17 million.B.More than 380 million.C.More than 304 million.D.More than 24 million.(2).Due to
47、 chronic diseases China will have to face _.（分数：3.00）A.great pressure from other countriesB.a limited economic marketC.a shortage of the labor forceD.huge economic losses(3).Which can NOT be learned from the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Many chronic-disease deaths are preventable.B.Chronic diseases are the ma
48、jor cause of death in most countries.C.Chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people than elderly people.D.Economic gains in many countries have contributed to chronic-disease deaths.(4).Until recently the main killers in Asia and the Pacific have been _.（分数：3.00）A.economic gainsB.lost produc
49、tivityC.chronic diseasesD.infectious and parasitic diseases(5).Which is NOT mentioned as a way to prevent chronic-disease deaths?（分数：3.00）A.Timely medical treatment.B.Healthy eating.C.More physical activity.D.Reduction in drinking and smoking七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)IQ-geneIn the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences, one little fact gets overlooked: no one has identified any genes (other than those that cause retardation) that affect intelligence. So researchers led by Robert P
