1、职称英语卫生类 A 级-53 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.They agreed to Umodify/U their policy. A. clarify B. change C. define D. develop（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.As a writer, he Uturned out/U three novels that year. A. refused B. read C. produced D. accepted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Tears of
2、Uanguish/U filled her eyes. A. annoyance B. anger C. distress D. depression（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.God is believed to be Uomnipotent/U. A. all-powerful B. everlasting C. important D. extraordinary（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The company Urecommended/U that a new gas station be built here. A. ordered B. insisted C.
3、 suggested D. demanded（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.It is Uabsurd/U to predict that the sun will not rise tomorrow. A. ridiculous B. funny C. odd D. foolish（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Doctors are required to keep patients records completely Uconfidential/U. A. detailed B. secret C. accurate D. confident（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D
4、.8.We Uconsume/U a lot more than we are able to produce. A. waste B. buy C. use D. sell（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.You have to be patient if you want to Usustain/U your position. A. maintain B. establish C. acquire D. support（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.She gave us an Uambiguous/U answer. A. apparent B. unclear C. ap
5、palling D. indifferent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.It is not easy to remain Utranquil/U when events suddenly change your life. A. calm B. upset C. steady D. severe（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.It was very Uthoughtful/U of you to make all the necessary arrangements for us. A. conservative B. considerate C. romantic D.
6、independent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.A good employer gives Uhints/U to his or her employees without interfering with their creativity. A. freedom B. assistance C. clues D. funds（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The accident has not done any Upermanent/U damage. A. temporary B. lasting C. mobile D. sticky（分数：1.00）A.B.C.
7、D.15.If wool is put into hot water, it tends to Ushrink/U. A. disappear B. expand C. break D. contract（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Sleep Problems Plague the Older SetOlder Americans often have difficulty getting a good nights rest. Its a huge quality-of-life problem, experts say,
8、because contrary to popular belief, seniors require about the same amount of sleep as younger adults.“Sleep problems and sleep disorders are not an inherent (固有的) part of aging,“ said Dr. Harrison G. Bloom, an associate clinical professor of geriatrics (老年病学) and medicine at the Mount Sinai School o
9、f Medicine in New York City. “Its pretty much of a myth that older people need less sleep than younger people.“Yet in a study published recently in The American Journal of Medicine, researchers found that more than half of older Americans have problems getting the sleep they need.Older people tend t
10、o have “sleep fragmentation“, meaning they wake up more often during the night, said study author Dr. Julie Gammck, an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Geriatric Medicine at St. Louis University.They also seem to get less “REM“ sleep, the type of sleep during which rapid eye moveme
11、nt occurs, Bloom added.Its unclear what role these naturally occurring changes in sleep patterns have on a persons quality of life, Bloom said. “What is important, though, is that older people often have actual sleep disorders and problems with sleep,“ he said.And, experts say, there is usually more
12、 than one cause.“Sleep trouble in older adults is typically associated with acute and chronic illnesses, including specific sleep disorders like sleep apnea (呼吸暂停) and restless leg syndrome that appear with greater frequency in older populations,“ said Michael V. Vitiello, a professor of psychiatry
13、and behavioral sciences and associate director of the University of Washingtons Northwest Geriatric Education Center.Taking multiple medications, as many older people do, can also lead to fatigue and “hypersomnia“, or being tired all the time, Bloom added.Another big problem, he noted, is depression
14、 and anxiety. “Those are very commonly associated with sleep problems.“Despite the prevalence (流行) of sleep difficulties in older adults, many patients arent getting the help they need. As a result, problems like insomnia (失眠), restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea are underdiagnosed and undertreate
15、d, Bloom said.（分数：7.00）(1).Sleep problems can seriously affect ones quality of life. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It is true that older people need less sleep than younger people. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Younger people in America seldom compla
16、in of sleep disorders. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The number of older Americans with sleep problems is not small. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).“Sleep fragmentation“ refers to a marked lack of “REM“ sleep. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.0
17、0）A.B.C.D.(6).The causes of sleep problems in older people remain unidentified. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Actions will soon be taken in America to better help people with sleep problems. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00
18、)Washoe Learned American Sign Language1 An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific comm
19、unity and around the world for her ability to use American sign language. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language.2 Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign
20、 language in 1966. In 1969, the Gardners described Washoes progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words. For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She
21、 also asked questions like, “Who is coming to play?“ Once the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed.3 However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign langua
22、ge movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoes keepers disagree. Roger Fours is a former student of t
23、he Gardners. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive.4 Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today
24、, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time.5 Debate continues about chimps understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sureWashoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal
25、intelligence.（分数：8.00）(1).A. Reason why not many scientists carry out this research nowadays B. Report about Washoes progress in learning sign language C. General information about Washoe D. The Gardners contributions recognized E. Debate on chimps intelligence F. Washoes love for three young chimps
26、 Paragraph 1 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. if the Gardners argument was sound B. because she was cleverer than other chimps C. when she wanted to eat D. while she was at a research center in Ellensburg E. be
27、cause she could use sign language to ask for fruits F. while Washoe was learning sign language Washoe could make signs to communicate _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Some scientists doubted _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Washoe taught three younger chimps sign language _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).The experimenters thought W
28、ashoe was intelligent _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)IQ-geneIn the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences, one little fact gets overlooked: no one has identified any genes
29、(other than those that cause retardation) that affect intelligence. So researchers led by Robert Plomin of Londons Institute of Psychiatry decided to look for some. They figured that if you want to find a “smart gene“, you should look in smart kids. They therefore examined the DNA of students like t
30、hose who are so bright that they take college entrance exams four years earlyand still score at Princeton-caliber levels. The scientists found what they sought. “We have,“ says Plomin, “the first specific gene ever associated with general intelligence.“Plomins colleagues drew blood from two groups o
31、f 51 children each, all 6 to 15 years old and living in six counties around Cleveland. In one group, the average IQ is 103. All the children are white. Isolating the blood cells, the researchers then examined each childs chromosome 6. Of the 37 landmarks on chromosome 6 that the researchers looked f
32、or, one jumped out: a form of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in the high-IQ group as in the average group32 percent versus 16 percent. The study, in the May issue of the journal Psychological Science, concludes that it is this form of the IGF2R gene that contributes to intellig
33、ence.Some geneticists see major problems with the IQ-gene study. One is the possibility that Plomins group fell for “chopsticks fallacy“. Geneticists might think theyve found a gene for chopsticks flexibility, but all theyve really found is a gene more common in Asians than, say, Africans. Similarly
34、, Plomins IQ gene might simply be one that is more common in groups that emphasize academic achievement. “What is the gene that theyve found reflects ethnicity?“ asks geneticist Andrew Feinberg of Johns Hopkins University. “That alone might explain the link to intelligence, since IQ tests are known
35、for being culturally sensitive and affected by a childs environment.“ And Neil Risch of Standford University points out that if you look for 37 genes on a chromosome, as the researchers did, and find that one is more common in smarter kids, that might reflect pure chance rather than a causal link be
36、tween the gene and intelligence. Warns Feinberg: “I would take these findings with a whole box of salt.“（分数：15.00）(1).In the beginning of Paragraph 1 we are told that scientists can not agree _. A. how much of IQ comes from intelligence B. how many children inherit genes from parents C. how much of
37、IQ comes from genes D. how many children learn by experience（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What does “some“ in the second sentence of Paragraph 1 stand for? A. Parents. B. Children. C. Experiences. D. Genes.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A gene for chopsticks flexibility is found to be _. A. unrelated to the ability to
38、 use chopsticks B. related to the ability to use chopsticks C. unrelated to the ability to use forks D. related to the ability to use forks（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Plomins IQ-gene study is similar to the chopsticks gene finding in that _. A. there may not be a causal link between gene and intelligence B
39、. there is a close correlation between gene and intelligence C. there may be a close relation between chopsticks flexibility and childrens academic score D. there is not a close relation between chopsticks flexibility and childrens academic score（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does Feinberg mean by saying
40、 “I would take these findings with a whole box of salt“? A. He would consider them while eating his meals. B. He definitely believes the findings. C. He would consider them while shopping for salt. D. He doubts the findings very much.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Liver DiseaseThe liver is
41、 the second largest organ in your body. The liver performs many jobs in your body. It processes what you eat and drink into energy and nutrients your body can use. The liver also removes harmful substances from your blood.One out of every 10 Americans is affected by liver disease. Liver disease is o
42、ne of the top 10 causes of death in the United States. There are more than 100 liver diseases. Viruses cause some of them, like hepatitis A, hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Others can be the result of drugs, poisons or drinking too much alcohol. If the liver forms scar tissue because of an illness, its
43、 called cirrhosis. Cancer can affect the liver. You should also inherit a liver disease such as hemochromatosis.Liver disease can manifest in many ways. Characteristic manifestations include jaundice, liver enlargement, portal hypertension and etc. Sometimes the manifestations of liver disease are n
44、ot obvious. For example, symptoms may include fatigue, a general feeling of illness, loss of appetite, and mild weight loss. However, people may not notice these symptoms, and these symptoms are also typical of many other diseases. Thus, liver disease can easily be overlooked, particularly in its ea
45、rly stages.Hepatitis A vaccination is the best way to prevent HAV (hepatitis A virus). Hepatitis B vaccination is the best way to prevent HBV. Other ways to stop the spread of HBV are: not sharing needles; practicing safe sex; not Sharing razors, toothbrushes, or other personal items; using only cle
46、an needles for fattoos and body piercings. There is no vaccine to prevent HCV. The only way to prevent HCV is to avoid direct contact with infected blood.Eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly help the liver to work well. Limit the amount of alcohol you drink. When medicines are taken incorr
47、ectly, the liver can be harmed. So follow dosing instructions and talk to a doctor or pharmacist about the medicines you are taking. Mixing alcohol and medicines can harm your liver, even if they are not taken at the same time. Toxins can injure liver cells. So limit direct contact with toxins from
48、cleaning and aerosol products, insecticides, chemicals, and additives in cigarettes. Do not smoke.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? A. Top ten causes of death in the US include liver disease. B. 10% of Americans die of liver disease. C. 10% of America
