1、职称英语卫生类 A级-50 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The union representative Uput across/U her argument very effectively. A. explained B. invented C. considered D. accepted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.He talks tough but has a Utender/U heart. A. heavy B. strong C. kind D. wild（分数：1.00）A
2、.B.C.D.3.It is no use Udebating/U the relative merits of this policy. A. making B. taking C. discussing D. expecting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Our statistics show that we Uconsume/U all that we are capable of producing. A. waste B. buy C. use D. sell（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The fuel tanks had a Ucapacity/U of 140
3、 liters. A. function B. ability C. power D. volume（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.John is Ucollaborating/U with Mary in writing an article. A. cooperating B. competing C. combining D. arguing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.He is determined to Uconsolidate/U his power. A. strengthen B. control C. abandon D. exercise（分数：1.00）A
4、.B.C.D.8.Many scientists have been Uprobing/U psychological problems. A. solving B. exploring C. settling D. handling（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Hearing problems may be Ualleviated/U by changes in diet and exercise habits. A. removed B. cured C. worsened D. relieved（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.All the cars are tested
5、 for Udefects/U before leaving the factory. A. functions B. faults C. motions D. parts（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The parents always Urestrain/U their daughter from swimming in the nearby pool. A. allow B. reduce C. prevent D. confine（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.This kind of animals is on the verge of Uextinction/U.
6、 A. dying of B. dying out C. dying off D. dying away（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.They are Uendeavoring/U to reform the present rules. A. trying B. working C. doing D. making（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.He finally succeeded in carrying out his plan Uowing to/U his hard-working. A. dealing with B. adapting to C. coping
7、 with D. due to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.His idea to solve the problem is really Uoriginal/U. A. creative B. great C. practical D. perfect（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Beyond the PapScientists have known for some time that virtually all cases of cervical cancer are triggered by a family o
8、f viruses called human papillomavirus, or HPV. Most women who become ineffected with HPV are able to shake off the virus and suffer no apparent long-term consequences to their health. But a few women develop a persistent infection that can, for reasons that are not entirely clear, eventually lead to
9、 cancerous changes in the cervix.Now researchers at the Digene Corp of Beltsville, Maryland, have developed a test that detects an active HPV infection by looking for its genetic byproducts in the vagina. The HPV test was better than the standard Pap test at finding cervical cancer at any stage, acc
10、ording to two studies published this month in the Journal of the American Medical Association. So far, so good. Unfortunately, the tests false-positive rate-how often it indicated that there was a problem when none existed was almost twice as high as that for the Pap smear. In these cases, a biopsy
11、of the womans cervix showed no sign of disease.And thats the crux of the problem. How many women should undergo what is, when it comes right down to it, unnecessary treatment to find a few more cases of cervical cancer? Shouldnt health officials focus instead on making sure that more women undergo r
12、egular Pap-smear examinations? After all, Pap smears, though far from perfect, have helped dramatically lower the death toll from cervical cancer taking it from the No. 1 cause of death due to cancer in American women to the 10th.Complicating matters is the fact that HPV is a very common infection.
13、In some parts of the U.S. as many as half of all women under age 35 have an active case. Yet 99 out of 100 women who are HPV-positive will never get cervical cancer, estimates Dr. Joanna Cain, vice president of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. “If those 99 women live their li
14、ves as if theyre going to develop cancer“, she says, “were not necessarily doing them any good.“At present, the HPV test is approved in the U. S. only to help resolve ambiguous results from a Pap-Smear test. Many gynecologists believe that HPV will eventually replace the pap. But theyre not willing
15、to abandon it without a lot more detailed information and neither should you.（分数：7.00）(1).The cause of cervical cancer was discovered by American scientists some time ago. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Only a few cases of HPV infection will lead to cancerous changes in the c
16、ervix. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The HPV test was better than the standard Pap test in every aspect. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Pap smears have contributed to the promotion of health of many women. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.
17、B.C.D.(5).Cervical cancer used to be the No.1 killer cancer to women in America. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Dr. Cain is against alarming the majority of women who, though HPV-positive, are unlikely to develop cervical cancer. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B
18、.C.D.(7).The author also believes that HPV will eventually replace the Pap. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)How We Form First Impression1. We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without
19、 really knowing anything about him or heraside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.2. The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how a persons eyes, ears, nose,
20、 or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as difference. In fact, your brain continuously process incoming sensory informationthe sights and sounds of your world, these incoming “signals“ are compared against a host of “memories“ stored in the brain areas called the cor
21、tex system to determine what these new signals “mean“.3. If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “familiar and safe“. If you see someone new, it says, “new-potentially, threatening“. Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known“ memories. The he
22、ight, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures, and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “His is new. I dont like this person“. Or else, “Im intrigued“. Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestureslike yo
23、ur other friends; so your brain says: “I like this person“. But these preliminary “impressions“ can be dead wrong.4. When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others.
24、Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of peopletheir history, interest, values, strengths, and true characterwe categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks.5. However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time
25、 with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the persons character, we use a different, more mature style of thinkingand the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.（分数：8.00）(1).A. A Fairly New Development B. Classics of Science Fiction C. Diff
26、iculty in Keeping Ahead of Scientific Advances D. Origins of Science Fiction E. Themes of Modern Science Fiction Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. concerned with the problems to solve in the future B
27、. to keep ahead of scientific advances C. implication D. a current theme E. read worldwide F. a recurrent theme Sensory information is one that is perceived through _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).You interpret _ by comparing incoming information against the memories already stored in your brain.（分数：1.00）填空项
28、1:_(7).The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking, which is similar to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Best Way to Reduce Your WeightYou hear this: “No wonder
29、you are fat. All you ever do is eat.“ You feel sad: “I skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do?“ Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.Albert Stunkard of the Univer
30、sity of Pennsylvania found from experiments that, “80 percent of the children of two obese (肥胖的) parents become obese, as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight.“How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well, dieting can be effe
31、ctive, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day. After more than 10 weeks, the subjects lost 45ka on average. But after leaving the hospital, they
32、all regained weight. The results were surprising: by metabolic (新陈代谢的) measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were anxious and depressed; some were suicidal. They hid fo
33、od in their rooms. Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesnt result in normal weight, but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people.Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite: They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the Unive
34、rsity of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months, they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended they were back to normal weight and stayed there.This did not mean that people are compl
35、etely without “hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight. The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was trueeach person has a comfortable
36、 weight range. The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 6069kg without too much effort. But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.（分数：15.00）(1).The
37、 first paragraph tells us that our weight is determined by _. A. our eating habit B. our life style C. our work habit D. our genes（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In Jules Hirschs study, the subjects _. A. showed no health problem B. gained weight rapidly C. were all very short D. lived only on liquid food（分数：3
38、.00）A.B.C.D.(3).After leaving the hospital, the eight fat people _. A. attempted suicide B. were back to normal weight C. went mad D. followed the advice of Hirschs（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In Ethan Sims study, the subjects were asked to _. A. stay in prison B. eat as much as they could C. battle their g
39、enetic inheritance D. lower their weight（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following statements is true? A. Each person wants to eat to his hearts content. B. Each person has a weight range of 9kg. C. Each person has a natural weight range. D. Each person wants to control his weight.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.
40、六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Diabetes (糖尿病) and Eye DamageOver 2 million Canadians have diabetes. It is the leading cause of blindness in North Americans under 65 years of age. Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot produce enough insulin (胰岛素) or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin
41、 is important because it moves glucose (葡萄糖), a simple sugar, into the bodys cells from the blood. The food people eat provides the body with glucose, which is used by the cells as a source of energy. If insulin isnt available or doesnt work correctly to move glucose from the blood into the cells, g
42、lucose will stay in the blood, leading to high blood sugar levels.High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels, including the tiny blood vessels in the eye. This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy (糖尿病型视网膜病). The retina (视网膜) is an area at the back of the eye that changes ligh
43、t into nerve signals. With diabetic retinopathy, some blood vessels in the retina are lost, and some of the other blood vessels begin to “leak“ blood. This causes the retina to swell and gradually cuts off its supply of oxygen and nutrients (滋养物). Eventually, the retina starts to grow new blood vess
44、els to replace the damaged ones. Unfortunately, these new vessels are not as strong as the old ones. They are more likely to break, causing bleeding in the eye.At first, people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms. As the disease gets worse, they may notice blurred (模糊的) vision, bl
45、ack spots or flashing lights. As time goes on, it can progress to blindness.Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic retinopathy, and the risk increases the longer youve had diabetes.Fortunately, you can reduce your risk if you do not have diabetes, but think you may be at risk for this condit
46、ion. Visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes. If you do have diabetes: have frequent eye check-ups.Make sure that you monitor your blood sugar frequently and use your medications as recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to show that keeping your blood sugar under tight control can slow
47、 down eye damage. If you have high blood pressure, follow your recommended diet and medications to keep it under control. If you are not sure whether you have high blood pressure, or whether your blood pressure is under control, discuss this with your doctor.（分数：15.00）(1).Glucose cannot be turned into energy in the body _. A. without diabetes B. without sugar C. without insulin D. without food（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “its“ in the second paragraph refers to _. A. the nerves B. the bloods C. the eyes D. the retinas（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).With diabetic retinopathy, the damag
