1、职称英语卫生类 A级-49 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Medical facilities are being Uupgraded/U. A. expanded B. repaired C. improved D. transferred（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Rock climbing is Uhazardous/U. A. interesting B. dangerous C. attractive D. useful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.John is Uelig
2、ible/U for this job. A. accepted B. recommended C. rejected D. elected（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.In order to improve our standard of living, we have to Uaccelerate/U production. A. involve B. decrease C. speed up D. give up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Mary looked pale and Uweary/U. A. worried B. ugly C. silly D. exha
3、usted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Alice is Ua fascinating/U girl. A. a beautiful B. a pretty C. an attractive D. a pleasant（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Her mood can be Ugauged/U by her reaction to the most trivial of incidents. A. displayed B. shown C. proved D. assessed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The old lady Ulet/U her flat t
4、o an English couple. A. offered B. rented C. provided D. sold（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.She stood there crying and Utrembling/U with fear. A. shaking B. staggering C. struggling D. murmuring（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.They Ustrolled/U around the lake for an hour or so. A. ran B. rolled C. walked D. raced（分数：1.00）A.
5、B.C.D.11.A red flag was placed there as a Utoken/U of danger. A. sign B. substitute C. proof D. target（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.However bad the situation is, the majority is Uunwilling/U to risk change. A. reluctant B. eager C. pleased D. angry（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.It has been said that the Acts provided a
6、new course of action and did not merely Uregulate/U or enlarge an old one. A. limit B. control C. replace D. offset（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The secretary is expected to Uexplore/U ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area. A. deny B. investigate C. stress D. create（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The Usteadily/U
7、rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water. A. gradually B. suddenly C. excessively D. exceptionally（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)American SportsThe United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of for
8、ms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sp
9、orts are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like ba
10、seball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the
11、 largest universities seat as many as 80000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players in each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.Basketball is the winter
12、 sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in
13、more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse-racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be consider
14、ed athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do “not assemble“ primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.（分数：7.00）(1).Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US A. Right B. Wrong
15、 C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Professional baseball teams can continue to play for a long period of time in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.
16、 A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Football can be classified as a spectator sport. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms. A. Right B. W
17、rong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Basketball in American is so popular with universities that nationwide university matches are held yearly. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary inter
18、est is gambling. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Smoke Gets in Your Mind1. Lung cancer, hypertension, heart disease, birth defects-we are all too familiar with the dangers of smoking. But add to that list a frightening new concern. Mental illness.
19、According to some controversial new findings, if smoking does not kill you, it may, quite litter, drive you to despair.2. The tobacco industry openly pushes its product as something to lift your mood and soothe anxiety. But the short-term feel-good effect may mask the truth: that smoking may worsen
20、or even trigger anxiety disorders, panic attacks and depression, perhaps even schizophrenia.3. Cigarettes and mental illness have always tended to go together. An estimated 1.25 billion people smoke worldwide. Yet people who are depressed or anxious are twice as likely to smoke, and up to 88 per cen
21、t of those with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia smokers. A recent American survey concluded that around half of all cigarettes burn in the fingers of those with mental illness.4. But the big question is why? The usual story is that the illness comes first. Mentally ill people take up smoki
22、ng, or smoke more to alleviate some of their distress. Even when smoking seems to start before the illness, most doctors believe that early but invisible symptoms of the disorder spark the desire to light up. But perhaps something more sinister is going on.5. A growing number of researchers claim th
23、at smoking is the cause, not the consequence of clinical depression and several forms of anxiety. “We know a lot about the effects of smoking on physical health, and now we are also starting to see the adverse effects in new research on mental illness,“ says Naomi Breslau, director of research at th
24、e Henry Ford Health Care System in Detroit.6. Breslau was one of the first to consider this heretical possibility. The hint came from studies, published in 1998, which followed a group of just over 1,000 young adults for a five-year period. The 13 per cent who began the study with major depression w
25、ere around three times more likely to progress from being light smokers to daily smokers during the course of the study, though there was no evidence that depression increased the tendency to take up smoking. But a history of daily smoking before the study commenced roughly doubled the risk of devel
26、oping major depression during the five-year period Smoking, it seems, could pre-dateillness.7. At first Breslau concluded that whatever prompts people to smoke might also make them depressed. But as the results of other much larger studies began to back the statistical link, she became more convince
27、d than ever that what she was seeing were signs that smoking, perhaps the nicotine itself, could somehow affect the brain and cause depression.8. One of these larger studies was led by Goodman, a pediatrician. She followed the health of two groups of teenagers for a year. the first group of 8,704 ad
28、olescents were not depressed, and might or might not have been smokers, while the second group of 6,947 were highly depressed and had not been smokers in the past month. After a year her team found that although depressed teenagers were more likely to have become heavy smokers, previous experimentat
29、ion with smoking was the strongest predictor of such behaviour, not the depression itself. What is more important is that teenagers who started out mentally fit but smoked at least one packet per week during the study were four times more likely to develop depression than their non-smoking peers. Go
30、odman says that depression does not seem to start before cigarette use among teens. “Current cigarette use is however, a powerful determinant of developing high depressive symptoms (症状).“9. Breslau, too, finds that smokers are as much as four times more likely to have an isolated panic attack and th
31、ree times more likely to develop longer-term panic disorder than nonsmokers. Its a hard message to get across, because many smokers say they become anxious when they quit, not when they smoke. But Breslau says that this is a short-lived effect of withdrawal which masks the reality that, in general,
32、smokers have higher anxiety levels than non-smokers or ex-smokers.（分数：8.00）(1).A. Doubt about the Usual Belief B. Researchers Opinions Divided C. Positive Effects of Smoking as Advertised D. Close Association Between Depression and Smoking E. Breslaus Conclusion Supported by Another Larger Study Par
33、agraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 6 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 8 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. have been proved to be misleading B. but to their mental health as well C. taking up smoking D. involved fewer people E. they started to smoke at an early age F. but th
34、eir level of anxiety increases when they quite Nowadays many doctors have become aware that smoking is not only a hazard to peoples physical health _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).The cigarette ads which claim that smoking can help soothe anxiety _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Breslaus study _ than Goodmans but lasted
35、 longer.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).To contradict Breslaus conclusion, many smokers say that they are less anxious when they smoke _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Eat More, Weigh Less, Live LongerClever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near s
36、tarvation diet prolongs the life of many animals.Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston, US, and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan (寿命) of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodents (啮齿动物) increase of fat in specific cells. This suggests that thinnessand hot necessarily
37、dietpromotes long life in “calorie (热量卡) restricted“ animals.“Its very cool work.“ says aging researcher Cynthia Kenyon of the University of California, San Francisco. “These mice eat all they want, lose weight and live longer. Its like heaven.“Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan o
38、f organisms as different as worms and rodents. Whether this works in humans is still unknown, partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet.But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once they understand how less food leads to a longer
39、life. One theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage cells. But Kahns team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin.To find out, they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin (胰岛素) receptor (受体) gene in lab micebut only in their fat cells.
40、 “Since insulin is needed to help fat cells store fat, these animals were protected against becoming fat,“ explains Kahn.This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects. By three months of age, Kahn, those modified mice had up to 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice,
41、 despite the fact that they ate 55 per cent more food per gram of body weight. In addition, their lifespan increased. The average control mouse lived 753 days, while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days. After three years, all the control mice had died, but onequarter of the modified rod
42、ents were still alive.“That they get these effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial,“ says Leonard Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who studies calorie restriction and aging. But Guarente says Kahn has yet to prove that the same effect is responsible for incr
43、eased lifespan in calorie, restricted animals. “It might be the same effect or there might be two routes to long life,“ he points out, “and that would be very interesting.“（分数：15.00）(1).Ronald Kahn and his colleagues can make mice live longer by _. A. offering them less food B. giving them a balance
44、d diet C. disrupting the specific genes in their fat cells D. preventing them growing larger（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, we do not know whether humans will benefit from taking in fewer calories partly because _. A. humans, worms and rodents are different B. most people are not will
45、ing to be put on a strict diet C. the effect is not known D. genetic changes in tissues can not be performed on humans（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply? A. People like to lose weight, but they do not like to eat less. B. People want to go to heaven, but th
46、ey do not want to die. C. Mice will go to heaven if they lose weight. D. Mice enjoy losing weight.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The average modified mouse lived _. A. 3 years B. 753 days C. More than 3 years D. 887 days（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What can be inferred from the passage about the route to long life? A
47、. It remains to be studied. B. It has already been discovered. C. Eating more leads to long life. D. Eating less leads to long life.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Valuing ChildhoodThe value of childhood is easily blurred (变得模糊不清) in todays world. Consider some recent developments. The chil
48、d, murderers in the Jonesboro schoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentenced. Two boys, 7 and 8, were charged in the murder of an 11-year-old girl in Chicago.Children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will. Yet, as legal proceedings in Jonesboro showed, the one boy who was able to address the court
