1、职称英语卫生类 A 级-47 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The dentist has decided to Uextract/U her bad tooth. A. take out B. break off C. push in D. dig up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The economy continued to Uexhibit/U signs of decline in September. A. play B. show C. send D. tell（分数：1.00
2、）A.B.C.D.3.This table is strong and Udurable/U. A. long-lasting B. extensive C. far-reaching D. eternal（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.He endured great pain before he finally Uexpired/U. A. fired B. resigned C. die D. retreated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The girl is Ugazing/U at herself in the mirror. A. smiling B. laugh
3、ing C. shouting D. staring（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The price of vegetables Ufluctuates/U according to the weather. A. jumps B. rises C. falls D. changes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Did you do that to Uirritate/U her? A. tease B. attract C. annoy D. protect（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Mary looked pale and Uweary/U. A. ill B.
4、tired C. worried D. peaceful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The water in this part of the river has been Ucontaminated/U by sewage(污水). A. polluted B. downgraded C. mixed D. blackened（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Her treatment of the subject is Uexhaustive/U. A. boring B. thorough C. interesting D. touching（分数：1.00）A.B.C.
5、D.11.These are their Umotives/U for doing it. A. reasons B. excuses C. answers D. plans（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The river Uwidens/U considerably as it begins to turn west. A. twists B. stretches C. broadens D. bends（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Henry cannot resist the Ulure/U of drugs. A. abuse B. flavor C. tempta
6、tion D. consumption（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.These programs are of Uimmense/U value to old people. A. natural B. fatal C. tiny D. enormous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.A great deal has been done to Uremedy/U the situation. A. maintain B. improve C. assess D. protect（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Co
7、smetic SurgerySurgery that can improve the way a person looks is becoming more and more popular in the United States. This kind of surgery is called cosmetic surgery, and both men and women are turning to this treatment as a way of keeping their appearance young as well as keeping competitive (有竞争力的
8、) in their jobs. Men especially are beginning to turn to face-lifts (面部拉皮手术), liposuction (taking fat out of the body), and implants (putting artificial parts into their bodies) to help them look younger. As companies downsize (编造) and move younger employees into higher positions, older employees in
9、 their late forties and early fifties feel the need to look and act younger in order to stay competitive. These operations are not without dangers, however.One young woman had an eye operation to get rid of the bags under her eyes. She described her experience as terrible. She said, “When he started
10、 cutting, I was fully awake. Even though hed given me an injection near my eyes, I saw everything.“ She went on to explain, “I knew I had to keep still because of what he was doing. He was scraping (刮) away fat underneath my eyes. It took about ten minutes. After he finished, I felt I couldnt walk.
11、I was so faint.“ Her troubles did not end after the operation for two weeks. Her eyes were swollen (肿胀的) and almost completely closed, and even dark glasses could not hide the side effects of the operation.Liposuction, taking fat out of the body, is probably the most popular cosmetic operation in th
12、e United States. It seems simple enough. First, a small cut is made over the place where the patient wants the fat removed. Next, a small pipe is put into the cut. A machine like a vacuum cleaner is then used to suck the fat out of the body. However, as one doctor explained, some problems call happe
13、n after the operation. He warned, “Irregular lumps and loose skin can reset from this operation. If it is not evenly done, liposuction can produce a very lumpy result.“ Patients often must have more liposuction to correct the problem.（分数：7.00）(1).Cosmetic surgery is more popular in the US than anywh
14、ere else. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The way a man looks has little to do with the job opportunities he may have. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).There are hardly any risks involved in cosmetic operations. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）
15、A.B.C.D.(4).The young woman was by no means satisfied with the eye operation. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The eye operation was such a failure that the woman refused to pay for it. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Not everyone is a good candidate for
16、liposuction. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Sometimes liposuction patients may have to undergo more than one operation. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Cloning(克隆): Future Perfect?1. A clone is all exact copy of a plant or
17、animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997, research into cloning has grown rapidly. In May 1998, scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves (牛犊) using cloning technology. A mouse has also b
18、een cloned successfully. But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement: “We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years,“ he told the world.2. Seeds announcement provoked a lot of media attention, most of i
19、t negative. In Europe, nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced, “We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the US will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year.“3. Many researchers are no
20、t so negative about cloning, they are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research. In March, The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken. Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it, human
21、 cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.4. Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has been bombarded (轰炸) with newspaper articles, television shows and films, as well as cartoons. Such information is
22、often misleading, and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next.Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans. It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like. But how woul
23、d it feel to be a clone among hundreds, the anti-cloners ask. Pretty cool, answer the pro-cloners (赞成克隆的人).（分数：8.00）(1).A. Where you stand while waiting to cross B. Where you walk C. Where you sit on a bus D. When you go to bed E. When pollution levels rise F. When you get up Paragraph 1 _（分数：1.00）填
24、空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).A. during rush hours B. in spring and autumn C. to toxic air D. between autumn and winter E. as exposure to nuclear radiation F. on the downwind side Richard Seed claimed to be able to clone
25、_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Richard Seeds announcement received _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The United States will introduce _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Within ten years scientists will probably have _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Crystal EarOne day a friend asked my wife Jil
26、l if I wanted a hearing aid. “He certainly does,“ replied Jill. After hearing about a remarkable new product, Jill finally got up me nerve to ask me if Id ever thought about getting a heating aid. “No way.“ I said. “It would make me look 20 years older.“ “No, no,“ she replied. “This is entirely diff
27、erent. Its Crystal Ear!“ Jill was tight. Crystal Ear is differentnot the old-styled body worn or overtheear aid, but an advanced personal sound system so small that its like contacts (隐形眼镜) for your ears. And Crystal Ear is super sensitive and powerful, too. You will hear sounds your ears have been
28、missing for years. Crystal Ear will make speech louder, and the sound is pure and natural.I couldnt believe how tiny it is. It is smaller than the tip of my little finger and its almost invisible when worn. There are no wires, no behind-the-ear device. Put it in your ear and its ready-to wear mold (
29、形状) fits comfortably. Since its not too loud or too fight, you may even forget that youre wearing it! Use it at work or at play. And if your hearing problem is worse in certain situations, use Crystal Ear only when you need it.Hearing loss, which occurs typically prior to teenage years, progresses t
30、hroughout ones life time. Although hearing loss is now the worlds number one health problem, nearly 90 percent of people suffering hearing loss choose to leave the problem untreated. For many millions, treating hearing loss in a conventional way can involve numerous office visits, expensive testing
31、and adjustments to fit your ear. Thanks to Crystal Ear, the “sound solution“ is now convenient. Almost 90 percent of people with mild hearing loss, and millions more with just a little hearing drop-off, can be dramatically helped with Crystal Ear. Moreover, its superior design is energy-efficient, s
32、o batteries can last months. Crystal Ear is now available to help these people treat their hearing loss with a small heating amplifier(放大器).（分数：15.00）(1).Initially the writer did not want to buy a hearing aid because _. A. it would make him look old B. It would make him nervous C. it was too expensi
33、ve D. it was old-styled（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is NOT true of Crystal Ear? A. It is highly sensitive. B. It is powerful. C. It is invisible. D. It is wireless.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).One special feature of Crystal Ear is that _. A. you can control its volume B. you neednt take it of
34、f everyday C. it is solar-powered D. it saves power（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, hearing loss is _. A. only a minor health problem B. the worlds most common health problem C. merely a teenage disease D. an incurable disease（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Many people leave their hearing problem
35、 untreated, because _. A. it is not serious B. Crystal Ear is not yet available C. it is not easy to have it treated D. they dont want to look old（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Diseases of Agricultural PlantsPlants, like animals, are subject to diseases of various kinds. It has been estima
36、ted that some 30,000 different diseases attack our economic plants; forty are known to attack corn, and about as many attack wheat. The results of unchecked plant disease are all too obvious in countries which have marginal food supplies. The problem will soon be more widespread as the population of
37、 the world increases at its frightening rate. Even in countries which are now amply fed by their agricultural products there could soon be critical food shortages. It is easy to imagine the consequences of some disastrous attack on one of the major crops; the resulting famines could kill millions of
38、 people, and the resulting hardship on other millions could cause political upheavals disastrous to the order of the world.Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while others have a susceptibility to them. The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions ch
39、ange. A blight may be but a local infection easily controlled; on the other hand it can attack particular plants in a whole region or nation. An example is the blight which killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America. Another is the famous potato blight in Ireland in the last century. As a
40、 result of that, it was estimated that one million people died of starvation and related ailments.Plant pathologists have made remarkable strides in identifying the pathogens of the various diseases. Bacteria may invade a plant through an infestation of insect parasites carrying the pathogen. A plan
41、t can also be inoculated by man. Other diseases might be caused by fungus which attacks the plant in the form of a mold or smut or rust. Frequently such a primary infection will weaken the plant so that a secondary infection may result from9 its lack of tolerance. The symptoms shown may cause an err
42、or in diagnosis10, so that treatment may be directed toward bacteria which could be the result of a susceptibility caused by a primary virus infection.（分数：15.00）(1).How many diseases are known to attack wheat? A. Around 30,000. B. Around 140. C. Around 29,960. D. Around 40.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Accor
43、ding to this passage, which of the following would a plant disease result in if left unchecked? A. A world war. B. Border conflicts. C. Rations of grain and meat. D. Social upheavals.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A. Some plants have relative immunity to a great
44、many diseases, while others have a susceptibility to them. B. The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions change. C. A blight killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America. D. A blight may be a national infection.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, some p
45、lant diseases can be prevented by _. A. killing parasites B. inoculation C. killing insects D. improving growing conditions（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following statements is not true? A. Some plant diseases may be caused by bacteria. B. Some plant diseases may be caused by pathogens. C. Some
46、plant diseases may be caused by fungus. D. Symptoms are always helpful in identifying diseases.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、B第三篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Effects of Environmental PollutionIf pollution continues to increase at the present rate, formation of aerosols (浮质) in the atmosphere will cause the onset (开始) of
47、an ice age in about fifty years time. This conclusion, reached by Dr. S.I. Rasool and Dr. S.H. Schneider of the United States Goddard Space Flight Centre, answers the apparently conflicting questions of whether an increase in the carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) content of the atmosphere will cause the Earth to warm up or increasing the aerosol content will cause it to cool down. The Americans have shown conclusively that the aerosol question is dominant.Two specters haunting conservationists have been the prospect that environmental pollution might lead to the planet
