1、职称英语卫生类 A 级-46 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.I am not Ucertain/U whether he will come. A. determined B. sure C. sorry D. glad（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.She seemed to have Udetected/U some anger in his voice. A. noticed B. heard C. realized D. got（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Please do n
2、ot hesitate to Ucall/U me if I can be of further assistance. A. contact B. see C. help D. touch（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.UIn short/U, I am going to live there myself. A. In other words B. That is to say C. In a word D. To be frank（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.He has trouble understanding that other people judge him b
3、y his social skills and Uconduct/U. A. style B. behavior C. mode D. attitude（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.I had some difficulty in Ucarrying out/U the plan. A. making B. keeping C. changing D. implementing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Mr. Johnson Uevidently/U regarded this as a great joke. A. readily B. casually C. obvio
4、usly D. simply（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.We all think that Marys husband is a very Uboring/U person. A. shy B. stupid C. dull D. selfish（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The workers in that factory Umanufacture/U furniture. A. promote B. paint C. produce D. polish（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.They only have a Ulimited/U amount of t
5、ime to get their points across. A. large B. total C. small D. similar（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The high-speed trains can have a Umajor/U impact on travel preferences. A. force B. total C. small D. similar（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Can you Ufollow/U the plot? A. change B. investigate C. write D. understand（分数：1.0
6、0）A.B.C.D.13.Even in a highly modernized country, Umanual/U work is still needed. A. physical B. mental C. natural D. hard（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.In the latter case the Uoutcome/U can be serious indeed. A. result B. judgment C. decision D. event（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Norman Blamey is an artist of deep Ucon
7、victions/U. A. statements B. beliefs C. suggestions D. claims（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)The SeaWhat do you know about the sea? We know that it looks very pretty when the sun is shining on it. We also know that it can be very rough when there is a strong wind. What other things d
8、o we know about it?The first thing to remember is that the sea is very big. When you look at the map of the world you will find there is more water than land. The sea covers three quarters of the world.The sea is also very deep in some places. It is not deep everywhere. Some parts of the sea are ver
9、y shallow. But in some places the depth of the sea is very great. There is one spot, near Japan, where the sea is nearly 11 kilometers deep! The highest mountain in the world is about 9 kilometers high. If that mountain were put into the sea at that place, there would be 2 kilometers of water above
10、it! What a deep place!If you have swum in the sea, you know that it is salty. You can taste the salt. Rivers, which flow into the sea, carry salt from the land into the sea. Some parts of the sea are saltier than other parts. There is one sea, called the Dead Sea, which is very salty. It is so salty
11、 that swimmers cannot sink! Fish cannot live in the Dead Sea!In most parts of the sea, there are plenty of fishes and plants. Some live near the top of the sea. Others live deep down. There are also millions of tiny living things that float in the sea. These floating things are so small that it is h
12、ard to see them. Many fish live by eating these.The sea can be very cold. Divers who go deep down in the sea, know this. On the top the water may be warm. When the diver goes downwards, the sea becomes colder and colder. Another thing happens. When the diver goes deeper, the water above presses down
13、 on him. It squeezes him. Then the diver has to wear clothes made of metal. But he cannot go very deep. Some people who wanted to go very deep used a very strong diving ship! They went down to the deepest part of the sea in it. They went down to a depth of eleven kilometers!（分数：7.00）(1).The sea look
14、s beautiful when it is calm. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The land takes up 25% of the world. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The sea is 6 kilometers in depth on average. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The Dead Sea is so salty
15、that nothing can live in it. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The deeper one goes down in the sea, the fewer fishes and plants he can find. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).The deeper a diver goes down in the sea, the greater water pressure he bears. A. Ri
16、ght B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Divers have to use a very strong diving ship when they want to go down to the deepest part of the sea mainly because it is extremely cold there. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Transport and Trade1
17、. Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways
18、, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale.2. The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand, for
19、instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the global. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have de
20、veloped unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance.3. Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inlan
21、d towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally. Foods, which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year, can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living.4. B
22、y moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, as for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more chea
23、ply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living.5. Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but a
24、lso the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send information about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade.A. Higher Living StandardB
25、. Importance of Transport in TradeC. Various Means of TransportD. Birth of Transport-related Industries and TradeE. Role of Information in TradeF. Public Transportation（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.0
26、0）填空项 1:_(5).A. to send goods to various parts of the world B. at any time during the year C. has greatly promoted trade D. is it possible to produce on a large scale E. the transport of goods F. it is possible to produce on a large scale The development of modern means of transport _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1
27、:_(6).Only when goods can be carried to all parts of the world quickly _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Transport has made it possible for people to eat whatever food they want _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).In the trade of modern society the transmission of information plays as important a role as _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、
28、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A New Cause of SufferingA conference on obesity (肥胖症) was recently held in Vienna. Two thousand experts from more than fifty countries attended the conference. According to statistics, 1.2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million a
29、re too fat. Obesity is rapidly becoming a new cause of suffering.Professor Friedrich hopichler of Salzberg said: “we are living in the new age but with the metabolism (新陈代谢) of a stone-age man. I have just been to the United States. It is really terrible. A pizza (比萨饼) shop is appearing on every cor
30、ner. We have been occupied by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization.“Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said: “Eighty percent of all diabetics (糖尿病人) are too fat, also fifty percent of all patients with high blood pressure and fifty percent with fatty tissue compla
31、ints. Ten percent more weight means thirteen percent more risk of heart disease. Reducing ones weight by ten percent leads to thirteen percent lower blood pressure.“Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health services should improve their financing of preventive programs. “The health in
32、surance pays for surgery (such as reducing the size of the stomach) when the body-mass index (身体质量指数) is more than 40. That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.60 meters. One should start earlier.“Toplak said that prevention should begin in school. “Child obesity has a close
33、 relation with the time which children spend in front of TV sets.“（分数：15.00）(1).How many people are suffering from obesity in the world? A. 250,000,000. B. 25,000,000. C. 1,200,000,000. D. 120,000,000.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The United States is cited as a country where _. A. obesity is not a problem a
34、t all B. you can find many new things C. terrible things happen all the time D. it is easy to buy fast food（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the article, obesity is associated with all the following EXCEPT _. A. high blood pressure B. fatty tissue complaints C. stomachache D. heart disease（分数：3.00）A
35、.B.C.D.(4).Hermann Toplak suggested that more money should be spent on _. A. surgery B. fat people C. preventive programs D. state health services（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In Toplaks opinion, the more time a child spends watching TV _. A. the better he will do in his studies B. the more likely he will ge
36、t too fat C. the less likely he will get too fat D. the more friends he will have at school（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)High Stress May Damage MemoryAccording to a report issued in May 1998, elderly people who consistently high blood levels of the stress hormone. Whats more, high levels
37、of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus (海马区), a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory.The findings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal, “healthy“ range can actually accelerate brain aging.The study results “now provide substantial evi
38、dence that long-term exposure to adrenal (肾上腺) stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans, “ write Nada Porter and Phillip Landfield. Cortisol is a hormone releases in response to stress by the adrenal glands(N), which sit on top of the kidneys (肾).Over a 5 to 6 year peri
39、od, Dr. Sonia Lupine and his colleagues measures 24-hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers, most of whom were in their 70s.The researchers tested the volunteers memory on six people in the increasing/high category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group. The groups did not differ in
40、tests of immediate memory, but the increasing/high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing/moderate group.The researchers also found that the total volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing/high group was 14% lower than those in the decreasing/modera
41、te group, although there were no differences in other brain regions.The results suggest that “brain aging can be accelerated by levels of adrenal hormones that are not generally regarded as pathological (病态的) and that variation within this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain ag
42、ing,“ write Porter and Landfield. This further suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of the hippocampus.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following plays a key role in ones learning and memory? A. The kidneys. B. The adrenal hormone. C. The stress hormone. D. The hippocampus.（分数：3.00）A.
43、B.C.D.(2).When the levels of cortisol go high, the hippocampus _. A. may expand B. may shrink C. may disappear D. may function better（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, when people are under stress _. A. the adrenal glands will produce cortisol B. the kidneys will shrink rapidly C. the hi
44、ppocampus will produce cortisol D. the brain will work more efficiently（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It appears that when the hippocampus shrinks sue to high levels of cortisol, other brain regions _. A. may change dramatically B. may stop functioning C. may remain unaffected D. may be seriously damaged（分数：3
45、.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The research conducted by Porter and Landfield showed that _. A. the levels of adrenal hormones have nothing to do with brain aging B. changes in the levels of adrenal hormones can affect brain aging C. chronic stress may strengthen ones memory D. the rate of brain aging always remai
46、ns stable（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、B第三篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Valuing ChildhoodThe value of childhood is easily blurred (模糊) in todays world. Consider some recent developments, the child-murders in the Jonesboro, Ark, schoolyard shooting case were convicted and sentenced. Two boys, 7 and 8, were charged in the
47、murder of an 11-year-old girl in Chicago.Children who commit horrible crimes appear to act of their own will. Yet, as legal proceedings in Jonesboro showed, the one boy who was “to address the court couldnt begin to explain his acts, though he tried to apologize. There may have been a motive youthful jealousy and resentment. But a deeper question remains. Why did these boys and others in similar trouble apparently lack any inner, moral restraint (束缚)?That question echoes for the accused in Chicago, young as they are. They wanted the girls bicycle, a sel
