1、职称英语卫生类 A级-39 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.It is obvious that he will win the game at last.A. likely B. possibly C. clearly D. finally（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.In order to improve our standard of living, we have to accelerate production.A. speed up B. decreaseC. stop D. control
2、（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The loss of her cat was the greatest grief the child had known.A. trial B. tragedy C. misconduct D. sorrow（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.In 1845 Sarah Mather invented a submarine telescope that could be used to locate and study underwater objects.A. illuminate B. raise C. find D. examine（分数：1
3、.00）A.B.C.D.5.I can no longer tolerate his actions.A. put up with B. accept C. take D. suffer from（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Diffusion is the spontaneous spreading of matter caused by the random movement of molecules.A. pattern1ess B. whirlingC. constant D. rampant（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.His shoes were shined to
4、 perfection.A. cleared B. washed C. polished D. mended（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The little boy was so fascinated by the mighty river that he would spend hours sitting on its bank and gazing at the passing boats and rafts.A. very strong B. very long C. very great D. very fast（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Her novel dep
5、icts an ambitious Chinese.Awrites Bsketches Cdescribes Dindicates（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.These are defensive behavior patterns which derive from our fears.A. stem B. rely C. develop D. grow（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The story was published with the sole purpose of selling newspapersA. realB. mainC. onlyD. prac
6、tical（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Launched in the autumn of 1976 in London, and now published ten times a year.A. Ended B. FollowedC. Included D. Started（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be deliberately controlled and modified.A. suffici
7、ently B. noticeably C. intentionally D. absolutely（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The Faraday effect was the first demonstration of a connection between magnetism and light.A. questioning B. proofC. achievement D. symbol（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Poor health and lack of money may both be to educational progress roadbl
8、ocks. A. restraints B. stains C. scarcities D. barriers（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)SmokingSince 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk.
9、 Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the
10、throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.Apart from statistics, it migh
11、t be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components form deposits on the membran
12、es of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.（分数：7.00）(1).It is easy to determin
13、e whether smoking is hazardous.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).Smoking reduces ones life expectancy.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).Smoking may induce lung cancer.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).There is evidence that smoking is responsi
14、ble for breast cancer.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).Nicotine is poisonous.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Filters and low tar t
15、obacco make smoking safe.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)A. occurs most infrequentlyB. is shifted sideways by strong windsC. is often hidden from our viewD. is equipped with a good knowledge of various forms of lightningE. is estimated at 20 millions
16、a yearF. is positively charged（分数：4.00）(1).In most cases of cloud-to-ground lightning, the grounds surface _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).One form of lightning that _ is ball lightning.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Cloud lightning looks lime a ribbon when its lightning channel _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Although not fully
17、understanding processes of lightning, man _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. a longer life expectancy for most peopleB. artists are adroit in dealing with their painting subjectC. engage in the medical professionD. careful study and experimentationE. the chief centers for medical care in most countriesF. science
18、and technology（分数：4.00）(1).Doctors are skillful in dealing with patients just as_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Doctors apply the knowledge gained through_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Medical progress, improved health care, and better living conditions have ensured_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).With the development of the med
19、icine, clinics and hospitals have become_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Heat and HealthExtremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people hot, it can cause medical problems-and death. Health experts say that since
20、 the year 1900, extremely hot weather has killed more people in the United States than any other natural event. One year-the unusually hot summer of 1980-heat caused about 1,700 deaths in the United States. In 1995, more than 600 people died in a similar heat wave in one city-Chicago.To measure extr
21、eme heat, government weather experts have developed the Mean Heat Index. It measures the average of how hot it is felt all day on an extremely hot day. Experts say it is the total heat of a hot day or several hot days that can affect health. Several hot days are considered a heat wave. Experts say h
22、eat waves often become deadly when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature.The most common medical problem caused by hot weather is heat stress. Usually, it also is the least severe. For most people, the only result of heat stress is muscle pain. The pain is
23、 a“ warning that the body is becoming too hot. Doctors say drinking water will help the pain disappear after the body again has the right amounts of water and salt. For some people, however, the result is much more serious.For example, doctors say some people face a greatly increased danger from hea
24、t stress. These people have a weak or damaged heart, high blood pressure, or other problems of the blood system. Severe heat can help cause a heart attack or stroke. Health experts say this is the most common cause of death linked to hot weather.（分数：15.00）(1).How many people died from heat in Chicag
25、o in 1995? A. About 1700. B. Nearly 1900. C. Around 1100. D. Over 600.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What can people learn from the Mean Heat Index? A. The average temperature of an extremely hot day. B. The highest temperature of an extremely hot day. C. The lowest temperature of an extremely hot day. D. The
26、 nighttime temperature of an extremely hot day.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A heat wave is a period of time during which_. A. the weather is much better than usual B. the nights are much longer than usual C. the weather is much hotter than usual D. the days are much longer than usual（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Mus
27、cle pain in hot weather means that your body needs_. A. more exercise B. more water C. less oxygen D. less sugar（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).For people who are in extremely poor health, heat can be_. A. deadly B. painful C. helpful D. stressful（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Flu doesScratchy throats,
28、stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu, and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the tw
29、o apart. Thats because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come.The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can
30、cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses-flu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine (疫苗), which is, for most people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA.But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. A
31、lthough the flu and common cold have many similarities, there are some obvious signs to look for.Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic feature
32、s of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms.The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents
33、to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms.Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome (综合症), a rare but serious c
34、ondition of the liver and central nervous system.There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold but frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of catching one.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the author, knowing the cause of the misery will h
35、elp_.A. shorten the duration of the illnessB. the patient buys medicine over the counterC. the patient obtain cheaper prescription drugsD. prevent people from catching colds and the flu（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).We learn from the passage that_.A. one doesnt need to take any medicine if he has a cold or th
36、e fluB. aspirin should not be included in over-the-counter medicines for the fluC. delayed treatment of the flu will harm the liver and central nervous systemD. over-the-counter drugs can be taken to ease the misery caused by a cold or the flu（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, to combat
37、the flu effectively,_.A. one should identify the virus which causes itB. one should consult a doctor as soon as possibleC. one should take medicine upon catching the diseaseD. one should remain alert when the disease is spreading（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following symptoms Will distinguish t
38、he flu from a cold?A. A stuffy nose.B. A high temperature.C. A sore throat.D. A dry cough.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).If children have flu-like symptoms, their parents_.A. are advised not to give them aspirinB. should watch out for signs of Reye syndromeC. are encouraged to take them to hospital for vaccin
39、ationD. should prevent them from mixing with people running a fever（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Smart ExerciseDoctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron, a scientist at Oregon Health and Science Univ
40、ersity, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels, including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. As she says: “While we already know that exercise is
41、 good for the heart, exercise can literally cause physical changes in the brain.“The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain development than babies who are less physically a
42、ctive. With babies, even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes, a pediatrician (儿科医师), believes in the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in elementary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies. “Babi
43、es need movement that stimulates their five senses. They need to establish a connection between motion and memory. In this way, as they get older, children will begin to associate physical activity with higher learning, “ says Margaret.Older people can beef up their brains as well. Cornell Universit
44、y studied a group of seniors ranging in age from seventy to seventy-nine. Their study showed a short-term memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult, but it does have to increase the heart rate. Also, just like the mo
45、tion for infants, exercise for older people should involve some complexity. Learning some new skills or motions helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time.For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main goa
46、l is to increase the brains flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week.（分数：15.00）(1).Research by Dr. Cameron seems to suggest that exercise canA. generate new blood vessels.B. change the way a person thinks.C. promote brain development.D. divert
47、 ones attention.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Margaret Barnes thinks that a lack of movement in infancy canA. lead to learning troubles later.B. cause physical disabilities later.C. stimulate the five senses.D. bring about changes in the brain.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The expression “beef up“ in paragraph 3 mean
48、sA. “control“.B. “strengthen“.C. “operate“.D. “encourage“.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).To be beneficial, exercise for older people shouldA. be done in a group.B. be done on a daily basis.C. involve great difficulty.D. increase the heart rate.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The title of the passage implies thatA. only
49、smart people do exercise.B. exercise can be smart or stupid.C. exercise keeps the brain strong.D. it is fashionable to do exercise.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.八、第 5部分：补全对话(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Scientists working on a problem do not know and sometimes cant even guess what the final result will be. Late on Friday, 8 November, 1895, Professor Rontgen, a German physicist, was doing an experim
