1、职称英语卫生类 A级-30 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Finding a job can be depressing and disappointing, and therefore it is important that you are prepared.（分数：1.00）A.exploitingB.frustratingC.profitingD.misleading2.In judging our work you should take into consideration the fact th
2、at we have been very busy recently.（分数：1.00）A.thoughtB.mindC.accountD.memory3.One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and Persi（分数：1.00）A.A. assumesB. expectsC. predictsD. considers4.Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you smudge the new carpet.（分数：1.00）A.
3、crashB.polluteC.contaminateD.stain5.The workers finally called off the strike.（分数：1.00）A.put offB.endedC.cancelledD.participated in6.He works in a sports centre instructing people in the use of the gym equipment.（分数：1.00）A.helpingB.teachingC.informingD.ordering7.Techniques to employ the energy of th
4、e sun are being developed.（分数：1.00）A.convertB.storeC.useD.receive8.In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would break away from the Union.（分数：1.00）A.strangeB.certainC.inconsistentD.proper9.My parents wouldnt allow me to go to the party.（分数：1.00）A.permitB.encourageC.adviseD.agree10.Tha
5、t guy is really witty.（分数：1.00）A.smartB.uglyC.honorableD.popular11.Nerve signals may travel through nerve or muscle fibers at speeds as high as two hundred miles per hour.（分数：1.00）A.velocitiesB.impulsesC.ratiosD.atrocities12.The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle.（分数：1.00）A.factB.mys
6、teryC.statementD.game13.As a result of careless washing the jacket was reduced to a childs size（分数：1.00）A.compressedB.shrankC.droppedD.decreased14.New York is rated second in the production of 850,000,000 dollars this year.（分数：1.00）A.rankedB.occupiedC.arrangedD.classified15.He obviously displays a g
7、reat appreciation for some of your poems.（分数：1.00）A.consentB.admirationC.respectD.pleasure二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)SleepSleep is part of a persons daily activity cycle. There are several different stages of sleep, and they too occur in cycles. If you are an average sleeper, your sleep cycle is as
8、follows. When you first drift off into slumber, your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing will slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit too, with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves predominating for the
9、 first few minutes. This is called stage 1 sleep. For the next half hour or so, as you relax more and more, you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleep. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be. Then about 40 to 60 minutes after you lose consciousness you will hav
10、e reached the deepest sleep of all. Your brain waves will show the large slow waves that are known as the delta rhythm. This is stage 4 sleep. You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase
11、 again slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids as if you were looking at something occurring in front of you. This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and i
12、s called REM sleep. It is during REM sleep period, your body will soon relax again, your breathing will grow slow and regular once more, and you will slip gently back from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep-only to rise once again to the surface of near consciousness some 80 minutes later.（分数：7.00）(1).Every s
13、tage of sleep occur in cycles.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).When you first drift off into slumber, your eyes will be immobilized by sleep.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).People move from the first stage of sleep to the second and third stags in half an hour or so.（分数：1.00）A.Rig
14、htB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The brain wave will be slower in the first stage than it is in the second stage.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The delta rhythm shows the quicker waves than the alpha rhythm.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The more REM sleep people have, the more heal
15、thier they will be.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Not all men follow the sleep cycle.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. Importance of immunization B. Relationship with other health services C. Creation of necessary conditions for healthy behavior D.
16、Encouraging unhealthy behavior E. Encouragement of behavior good for your health F. Addressing a variety of behavior-affecting factors（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. disease preventio
17、n B. health education C. healthy behavior D. unhealthy behavior E. other health services F. many vaccines（分数：4.00）(1).Promoting healthy behavior is the goal of 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Immunization contributes to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Health education cannot take the place of 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Indi
18、viduals should be provided with necessary conditions for 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will spoil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs
19、and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is that we learn to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acce
20、ptable in the domestic setting.One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train (驯服) it. Obedience training doesnt solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your
21、 dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do.Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,“ it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourse
22、lf as top dog or leader of the dog pack (群) by using extreme measures. You can teach your dog its subordinate (从属的) role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge.Training should be fun and rewarding for you and you
23、r dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.（分数：15.00）(1).Behavior problems of dogs are believed to _.（分数：3.00）A.be just part of their natureB.
24、worsen in modern societyC.occur when they go wildD.present a threat to the community(2).The primary purpose of obedience training is to _.（分数：3.00）A.teach the dog to perform clever tricksB.make the dog aware of its owners authorityC.provide the dog with outlets for its wild behaviorD.enable the dog
25、to regain its normal behavior(3).Effective communication between a dog and its owner is _.（分数：3.00）A.essential to solving the dogs behavior problemsB.the foundation for dogs to perform tasksC.a good way to teach the dog new tricksD.an extreme measure in obedience training(4).Why do pet dogs love per
26、forming tricks for their masters?（分数：3.00）A.To avoid being punished.B.To show their affection for their masters.C.To win leadership of the dog pack.D.To show their willingness to obey.(5).When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner _.（分数：3.00）A.can give the dog more rewardsB.will
27、 enjoy a better family lifeC.can give the dog more freedomD.will have more confidence in himself六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Priscilla Ouchidas “energy efficient“ house turned out to be a horrible dream. When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago, they built a $100,000, three-bedroom home in
28、California. Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks, the house was equipped with small double paned (双层玻璃的) windows and several other energy saving features. Problems began as soon as the couple moved in, however. Priscillas eyes burned. Her throat was constantly dry. She suffered from headaches and cou
29、ld hardly sleep. It was as though she had suddenly developed a strange illness.Experts finally traced the cause of her illness. The level of formaldehyde (甲醛) gas in her kitchen was twice the maximum allowed by federal standards for chemical workers. The source of the gas? Her new kitchen cabinets a
30、nd wall to wall carpeting.The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution, which is not given sufficient attention partly because of the nations drive to save energy. The problem itself isnt new. “The indoor environment was dirty long before energy conservation came along. “ says Moschandreas, a po
31、llution scientist at Geomet Technologies in Maryland. “Energy conservation has tended to accentuate the situation in some cases. “The problem appears to be more troublesome in newly constructed homes rather than old ones. Back in the days when energy was cheap, home builders didnt worry much about u
32、nsealed cracks. Because of such leaks, the air in an average home was replaced by fresh outdoor air about once an hour. As a result, the pollutants generated in most households seldom built up to dangerous levels.（分数：15.00）(1).It can be learned from the passage that the Ouchidas house _.（分数：3.00）A.i
33、s well worth the money spent on its constructionB.is almost faultless from the point of energy conservationC.failed to meet energy conservation standardsD.was designed and constructed in a scientific way(2).What made the Ouchidas new house a horrible dream?（分数：3.00）A.Lack of fresh air.B.Poor quality
34、 of building materials.C.Gas leakage in the kitchen.D.The newly painted walls(3).The word “accentuate“ ( Line 4, Par（分数：3.00）A.3) most probably means “_“.A. relieveB. accelerateC. worsenD. improve(4).Why were cracks in old houses not a big concern?（分数：3.00）A.Because indoor cleanness was not emphasiz
35、ed.B.Because energy used to be inexpensive.C.Because environmental protection was given top priority.D.Because they were technically unavoidabl(5).This passage is most probably taken from an article entitled “_“.（分数：3.00）A.Energy ConservationB.House Building CrisisC.Air Pollution IndoorsD.Traps in B
36、uilding Construction七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes (运动员). Stress can be phy
37、sical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable. The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where val
38、uable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their ch
39、ildren. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning
40、 the sport and other life lessons. In todays youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters performances. Positive reinforcement sh
41、ould be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.（分数：15.00）(1).An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athlet
42、es is _.（分数：3.00）A.to reduce their mental stressB.to increase their sense of successC.to make sports less competitiveD.to make sports more challenging(2).According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that _.（分数：3.00）A.it can help them learn more about societyB.it enables them to fin
43、d flaws in themselvesC.it can provide them with valuable experiencesD.it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves(3).Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes _.（分数：3.00）A.believing that criticism is beneficial for their early developmentB.without realizin
44、g criticism may destroy their self confidenceC.in order to make them remember lifes lessonsD.so as to put more pressure on them(4).According to the passage parents and coaches should _.（分数：3.00）A.pay more attention to letting children enjoy sportsB.help children to win every gameC.train children to
45、cope with stressD.enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports(5).The authors purpose in writing the passage is _.（分数：3.00）A.to teach young athletes how to avoid burnoutB.to persuade young children not to worry about criticismC.to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to chi
46、ldrenD.to discuss“ the skill of combining criticism with encouragement八、第 5部分：补全对话(总题数：1，分数：10.00)What Is Insulin-dependent Diabetes?When you eat, your body takes the sugar from food and turns it into fuel. (46) Your body uses glucose for energy, so it can do everything from breathing air to playing
47、 a video game. But glucose cant be used by the body on its own-it needs a hormone called insulin to bring it into the cells of the body.Most people get the insulin they need from the pancreas, a large organ near the stomach. The pancreas makes insulin; insulin brings glucose into the cells; and the
48、body gets the energy it needs. When a person has insulin-dependent diabetes, its because the pancreas is not making insulin. So someone could be eating lots of food and getting all the glucose he needs, but without insulin, there is no way for the body to use the glucose for energy. (47) .You may ha
49、ve heard older people talk about having diabetes, maybe people of your grandparents age. Usually, this is a different kind of diabetes called non-insulin-dependent diabetes. It can also be called Type 2 diabetes , or adult-onset diabetes. (48) .When a kid is diagnosed with juvenile (insulin-dependent) diabetes, he will have that type of diabetes for his whole life. It
