1、职称英语卫生类 A 级-27 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The workers finally called off the strike. A. put off B. ended C. cancelled D. participated in（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.“Tm not meddling“. Mary said mildly.“Tin just curious“. A. gently B. shyly C. weakly D. sweetly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3
2、.The doctors have abandoned the hope to rescue the old man. A. left B. given up C. turned down D. refused（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Below 600 feet ocean waters range from dimly lit to completely dark. A. inadequately B. hardly C. faintly D. sufficiently（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.I can no longer tolerate his actions
3、. A. put up with B. accept C. take D. suffer from（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would break away from the Union. A. strange B. certain C. inconsistent D. proper（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Many of novelist Carson McCullers characters are isolated, disappointed people.
4、 A. solitary B. gloomy C. feeble D. frugal（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The little girl grasped her mothers arm as she crossed the street. A. understood B. had a hold over C. took hold of D. left hold of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Have you talked to her lately? A. lastly B. shortly C. recently D. immediately（分数：1.00）A.
5、B.C.D.10.I catch cold now and then. A. always B. occasionally C. constantly D. regularly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.He often finds fault with my work. A. criticizes B. praises C. evaluates D. talks about（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Americas emphasis on the importance of education for everyone has spurred scientific
6、research. A. encouraged B. endangered C. endorsed D. enlarged（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.In judging our work you should take into consideration the fact that we have been very busy recently. A. thought B. mind C. account D. memory（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.John has made up his mind not to go to the meeting. A. wan
7、ted B. promised C. decided D. agreed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.They had a far better yield than any other farm miles away around this year. A. goods B. soil C. climate D. harvest（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Computer mouseThe basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relat
8、ively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive. Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting, drawing, and even scrolling on the page with the newer mice with the wheel. Most of us use the computer mouse
9、daily without stopping to think how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it. We learn to point at thing before we learn to speak, so the mouse is a very natural pointing device. Other computer pointing devices include light pens, graphics tablets and touch screen, but the m
10、ouse still our workhorse.The computer mouse was invented in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University. As computer screens became popular and arrow keys were used to more around a body of text, it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selecti
11、on of text would be very useful. The introduction of the mouse, with the Apple Lisa computer in 1983, really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks.How does the mouse work? We have to start at the bottom, so think upside down for now. It all starts
12、 with mouse ball. As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad, it presses against and turns two shafts. The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them. The wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitting devices called light emitting diodes (LED)
13、mounted on either side. One LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side. As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by, the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side. But a moment later the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place. The LED detects a changing pattern of lig
14、ht, converts the pattern into an electronic signal, and sends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out the mouse body. This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name. The computer interprets the signal to tell it where to position the cursor on the computer screen
15、.So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used. One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up the dirt. Eventually you have to clean your mouse. The newer optical mice avoid this problem
16、by having no moving parts.（分数：7.00）(1).Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works.（分数：1.00）A.rightB.wrongC.not mentioned(2).According to the author, general computer users need not know how the computer mouse was invented.（分数：1.00）A.rightB.wrongC.not mentioned(3).The computer mous
17、e derives its name from the cable that goes out its body, which looks like the tail of a mouse.（分数：1.00）A.rightB.wrongC.not mentioned(4).The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDS.（分数：1.00）A.rightB.wrongC.not mentioned(5).When an ordinary computer mouse gets dirty, it has to be replaced
18、 with a new one.（分数：1.00）A.rightB.wrongC.not mentioned(6).The most durable computer mice on sale are the IBM ones.（分数：1.00）A.rightB.wrongC.not mentioned(7).The optical mouse is superior to the basic one in that the former has no moving parts.（分数：1.00）A.rightB.wrongC.not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总
19、题数：2，分数：8.00)A Bit Good News for Fat People1 Certainly there are millions who need to lose weight. But there are also millions who only imagine they need to. Compulsive and continuous dieting, not to mention eating disorders, shows that some of us will do anything to reduce our bodies down to the cu
20、rrently desirable shape. But is being underweight really desirable?2 Scientists have long been looking into the effects of under-nutrition. These studies rats and mice have been the subjects, not humans indicate that carefully controlled food restriction with adequate vitamins and minerals slows the
21、 aging process. In experiment after experiment, thin animals consistently outlive their all-you-can eat cousins, sometimes doubling their average life span. They seem to age more slowly too. The level of cholesterol (胆固醇) in their blood stays lower longer. Their bodies stay responsive to certain hor
22、mones longer. Their immune systems stay healthier longer. Underfed rats and mice are also less likely to suffer from age-related diseases like cancer, kidney and heart diseases.3 But we still know little about the effect of scientifically controlled tinder nutrition on people. Researchers have kept
23、studying large number of people, linking their weight with their health over long periods of time. In direct contrast to the laboratory experiments, these population studies suggest that being underweight can actually be dangerous to your health.4 In a major National Institutes of Health study that
24、followed more than 5,000 men and women for 24 years, scientists discovered that the thinnest people ran the highest rate of dying. The thinnest group of men had the highest death rates from cancer and all other diseases except those of the cardiovascular (心血管的) system. It is also found that thinness
25、 does not mean wellness. Men 15 percent below average weight die more often from pneumonia (肺炎), influenza, heart disease and suicide than their weightier counterparts. Women 15 percent less than average weight are easy to get pneumonia, influenza and digestive system diseases. An American Cancer So
26、ciety study found that those 20 percent underweight died more often from strokes and digestive disease than their average weight counterparts. In a California study of 7,000 men and women, the highest death rates were among those 10 percent underweight.5 Conversely, these and ether studies are findi
27、ng that being slightly or moderately over weight, even as much as 35 percent above standard weight, is good for your health. A. Good thins shout being a little overweight B. Fashion of being underweight C. Experiments on animals regarding under-nutaition D. Some negative effects of being underweight
28、 E. Contrasts between experiments on animals and on people F. Health of women under nutrition（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. diseases of the cardiovascular B. have a body shape that all
29、people Will admire C. longer life-time D. digestive system disease E. a shorter life span F. pneumonia and influenza（分数：4.00）(1).A great many people go on diet to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Those all-you-can-eat animals often have 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).People 15 percent underweight puffer snore from 1.（分
30、数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).The thinnest group of men are less likely to suffer from 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Plant GasScientists have been studying natural sources of methane for decades but hadnt regarded plants as a producer, notes Frank Keppler, a geochemist at th
31、e Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany. Now Keppler and his colleagues find that plants, from grasses to trees, may also be sources of the greenhouse gas. This is really surprising, because most scientists assumed that methane production requires an oxygen-free environment
32、.Previously, researchers had thought that it was impossible for plants to make significant amounts of the gas. They had assumed that microbes need to be in environments without oxygen to produce methane. Methane is a greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide. Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide trap
33、heat in Earths atmosphere and contribute to global warming.In its experiments, Kepplers team used sealed chambers that contained the same concentration of oxygen that Earths atmosphere has. They measured the amounts of methane that were released by both living plants and dried plant material, such a
34、s fallen leaves.With the dried plants, the researchers took measurement at temperatures ranging from 30 degrees Celsius to 70 degrees. At 30 degrees, they found, a gram of dried plant material released up to 3 nanograms of methane per hour. (One nanogram is a billionth of a gram.) With every 10-degr
35、ee rise in temperature, the amount of methane released each hour roughly doubled.Living plants growing at their normal temperatures released as much as 370 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue per hour. Methane emissions tripled when living and dead plant was exposed to sunlight.Because the
36、re was plenty of oxygen available, its unlikely that the types of bacteria that normally make methane were involved. Experiments on plants that were grown in water rather than soil also resulted in methane emissions. Thats another strong sign that the gas came from the plants and not soil microbes.T
37、he new finding is an “interesting observation,“ says Jennifer Y. King, a biogeochemist at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul. Because some types of soil microbes consume methane, they may prevent plant-produced methane from reaching the atmosphere. Field tests will be needed to assess the plant
38、s influence, she notes.（分数：15.00）(1).What was scientists understanding of methane?（分数：3.00）A.It was produced from plants.B.It was not a greenhouse gas.C.It was produced in oxygen-free environments.D.It traps more heat than any other greenhouse gas.(2).To test whether plants are a source of methane,
39、the scientists created_.（分数：3.00）A.a oxygen-free environment.B.an environment with the same concentration of oxygen as the earth has.C.a carbon dioxide free environment.D.an environment filled with the greenhouse gas(3).Which statement is true of the methane emissions of plants in the experiment?（分数
40、：3.00）A.The lower the temperature, the higher the amount of methane emissions.B.Living plants release less methane than dried plants at the same temperature.C.When exposed to sunlight, plants stop releasing methane.D.The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of methane emissions.(4).What of
41、 the following about methane is Not mentioned in the passage ?（分数：3.00）A.Plants growing in soil release methane.B.Plants growing in water release methane.C.Soil microbes consume methane.D.Microbes in plants produce methan(5).What is the beneficial point of some microbes consuming plant-produced meth
42、ane?（分数：3.00）A.Methane becomes less poisonous.B.methane is turned into a fertilizer.C.Less methane reaches the atmosphere.D.Air becomes cleaner.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Listening Device Provides Landslide Early WarningA device that provides early warning of a landslide by monitoring vibrations in soil i
43、s being tested by UK researchers. Tile device could save thousands of lives each year by warning when an area should be evacuated, the scientists say, “such natural disasters are common in countries that experience sudden, heavy rainfall, and can also be triggered by earthquakes and even water erosi
44、on“.Landslides start when a few particles of soil or rock within a slope start to move, but the early stages can be hard to spot. Following this initial movement, “slopes can become unstable in a matter of hours or minutes,“ says Nell Dixon at Loughborough University, UK. He says a warning system th
45、at monitors this movement “might be enough to evacuate a block of fiats or clear a road, and save lives.“The most common way to monitor a slope for signs of an imminent landslide is to watch for changes in its shape. Surveyors can do this by measuring a site directly, or sensors sunk into boreholes
46、or fixed above ground can be used to monitor the shape of a slope. Slopes can, however, change shape without triggering a landslide, so either method is prone to causing false alarms. Now Dixons team has developed a device that listens for the vibrations caused when particles begin moving within a s
47、lope.The device takes the form of a steel pipe dropped into a borehole in a slope. The borehole is filled in with gravel around the pipe to help transmit high-frequency vibrations generated by particles within the slope. These vibrations pass up the tube and are picked up by a sensor on the surface.
48、 Software analyses the vibration signal to determine whether a landslide may be imminent.The device is currently being tested in a 6-metre-tall artificial clay embankment in Newcastle, UK. Early results suggest it should provide fewer false positives than existing systems. Once it has been carefully
49、 and thoroughly tested, the device could be used to create a complete early-warning system for dangerous slopes.“Locations with a significant risk of landslides could definitely benefit from a machine like this,“ says Adam Poulter, an expert at the British Red Cross. “As long as it doesnt cost too much.“ But, Poulter adds that an early-warning system m
