1、职称英语卫生类 A 级-26 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.A famous scientist is trying to explain his new findings. A. elicit B. emulate C. eradicate D. elucidate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The government would not dare to impose taxes on such necessities as bread or milk. A. cut B. force C.
2、occur D. charge（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.It is easier to adapt to new situations if one has a flexible attitude. A. changeable B. fashionable C. moveable D. elastic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Large areas of Alaskan land remain desolate due to harsh climate. A. barren B. immature C. accessible D. parched（分数：1.00）A.B
3、.C.D.5.You will find that the community has experienced great changes since you came here last time. A. undergone B. experimented C. submitted D. sustained（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The project for developing local industries was evaluated for its usefulness, feasibility and easiness of execution. A. assess
4、ed B. compared C. measured D. weighed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.He maintained that the opinion was wrong. A. emphasized B. repaired C. held D. helped（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.It is difficult to understand this kind of complicated calculation. A. exultant B. complex C. petulant D. varied（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The siste
5、rs cannot tolerate each other. A. bear B. hate C. like D. criticize（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.She could not endure the extreme tension and broke into tears suddenly. A. bravery B. strain C. danger D. security（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Unable to control himself, he tore the phone from his wifes hand, then from the
6、 socket, and throw it across the room. A. restrain B. refresh C. release D. relieve（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Einsteins theory of relativity seemed incredible when it was first introduced. A. brilliant B. complicated C. unbelievable D. distinguished（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The United States Congress and the sta
7、te legislatures approve thousands of laws each year. A. amend B. debate C. pass D. draft（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.His success in work has tempted many to try this new method. A. attracted B. called C. implied D. insured（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The economic reform in that country has been accelerated. A. speede
8、d up B. put off C. slowed down D. stopped（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Moderate Earthquake Strikes EnglandA moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April, 2007, toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. Several thousand people were left w
9、ithout power in Kent County. One woman suffered minor head and neck injuries.“It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride,“ said the woman.The British Geological Survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake struck at 8:19 a.m. and was centered under the English Channel, about 8.5
10、 miles south of Dover and near the entrance to the Channel Tunnel.Witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the county. Residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds.“I was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up from bed next to me,“ said
11、 Hendrick van Eck, 27, of Canterbury about 60 miles southeast of London. “I then heard the sound of cracking, and it was getting heavier and heavier. It felt as if someone was at the end of my bed hopping up and down.“There are thousands of moderate quakes on this scale around the world each year, b
12、ut they are rare in Britain. The April 28 quake was the strongest in Britain since 2002 when a 4.8-magnitude quake struck the central England city of Birmingham.The countrys strongest earthquake took place in the North Sea in 1931, measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale. British Geological Survey scient
13、ist Roger Musson said the quake took place on 28 April in an area that had seen several of the biggest earthquakes ever to strike Britain, including one in 1580 that caused damage in London and was felt in France. Musson predicted that it was only a matter of time before another earthquake struck th
14、is part of England. However, people should not be scared too mush by this prediction, Musson said, as the modern earthquake warning system of Britain should be able to detect a forthcoming quake and announce it several hours before it takes place. This would allow time for people to evacuate and red
15、uce damage to the minimum.（分数：7.00）(1).During the April 28 earthquake, whole England was left without power.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The Channel Tunnel was closed for 10 hours after the earthquake occurred.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).It was reported that one lady had g
16、ot her head and neck injured, but not seriously.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).France and several other European countries sent their medical teams to work side by side with the British doctors.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The countrys strongest earthquake took place in Londo
17、n in 1580.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Musson predicted that another earthquake would occur in southeast England sooner or later.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).It can be inferred from the passage that England is rarely hit by high magnitude earthquakes.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.Wrong
18、C.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)Friendly Relations with the People Around1 You depend on all the people closely around you to give you the warm feeling of belongingness (归属感) that you must have to feel secure. But,in fact, the members of all the groups to which you belong also depend
19、 on you to give that feeling to them. A person who shows that he wants everything for himself is bound to be a lonely wolf.2 The need for companionship is closely related to the need for a sense of belongingness. How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and expe
20、riences. You may take it for granted that there always will be people around to talk to and to do things with you and for you. The important point, however, is that keeping emotionally healthy does not depend so much on having people around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that ar
21、e satisfying both to you and to them.3 Suppose you are in a crowd watching a football game. You dont know them. When the game is over, you will go your separate ways. But just for a while you had a feeling of companionship, of sharing the feeling of others who were cheering for the team you wanted t
22、o win.4 An experience of this kind gives the glue to what comPanionship really is. It depends upon emotional ties of sympathy, understanding, trust, and affection. Companionships become friends when these ties are formed.5 When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintances (熟人), you may not know w
23、ith whom you will make friends, but you can be sure that you will be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like people. A. Close link between companionship and belongingness B. How to satisfy other peoples needs C. An example of a satisfying relationship D. Difficulties in establ
24、ishing friendships E. What companionship really is F. Making friends with new acquaintances（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. sad and lonely B. emotionally healthy C. without real love for th
25、em D. a sense of security healthy E. a lonely wolf F. without pity（分数：4.00）(1).If you had no one to share your feelings, your life would be 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).The warm feelings of belongingness may give you 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The ability to establish fine relations with others will keep you 1.
26、（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).You will find it hard to make friends with people 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Preventing Child MaltreatmentChild maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence
27、of child maltreatment. Data for many countries especially low-and-middle-income countries, are lacking.Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studies reveal that approxim
28、ately 20 % of women and 5-10 % of men report being sexually abused as children. While 25-50 % of all children report being physically abused. Additionally, many children are subject to emotional abuse (sometimes referred to as psychological abuse).Every year, there are an estimated 31,000 homicide d
29、eaths in children under 15. This number underestimates the true extent of the problem, as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to falls, bums and drowning.Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequenc
30、es. Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development. Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems. Consequently, as adults, maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioral, physical and mental health problem. Via the be
31、havioral and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer, suicide and sexually transmitted infections.Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment, there is an economic impact, including cost of hospitalization, mental health treatment, child welfare, and
32、 longer-term health cost.A number of risk factor for child maltreatment have been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment.It is important to emphasize that children are
33、the victims and are never to blame for maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated, such as being either under four years old or an adolescent, being unwanted, or failing to fulfill the expectations of parents and having special ne
34、ed, crying persistently or having abnormal physical features（分数：15.00）(1).The difficult situation in the global estimates of the child maltreatment is due to the following factors EXCEPT_according to the passage.（分数：3.00）A.child maltreatment is a global problemB.there is no exact data about low-and
35、mid-income countriesC.there is a shortage of the professional data collectorsD.different scientists use different research methods(2).Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.20% of women got sexually abused in their childhood.B.25-50% of all children were report
36、ed to have been physically abused.C.25-50% of children were psychologically abused.D.60-75% of children were neglected by their parents.(3).Many homicide deaths in children under 15 are wrongly categorized into the following types EXCEPT_according to the passage.（分数：3.00）A.drowning in swimmingB.diar
37、rheaC.bumsD.falls(4).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the bad impact caused by child maltreatment?（分数：3.00）A.The child will behave badly in his memory of his childhood when he grows up.B.Child maltreatment hurts his nervous and immune systems.C.Child maltreatment damages his early brain de
38、velopment.D.The child is easily affected by many diseases in his adulthoo(5).The maltreated children often bear all the following characteristics EXCEPT_.（分数：3.00）A.they frequently and easily cryB.they are in infants or in adolescent periodC.they are often neglected by their parents or friendsD.they
39、 often try their best to meet the requirements from their parents六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Be Alert to Antimicrobial ResistanceThe ability of micro-organisms to find ways to evade the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue. So
40、me bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics normally used for their treatment (multi-drug resistant bacteria), so pose particular difficulties, as there may be few or no alternative options for therapy. They constitute a growing and global public health
41、 problem. WHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to limit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of antibiotics, reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteriaAn article punished in
42、 The Lancet Infectious Diseases on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics. The article “has drawn attention to the issue of AMR (antimicrobial resistance) and, in particular, has raised awareness of infections caused
43、by multi-drug resistant bacteria.While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear, this development requires monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission, and to define the most effective measures for control.Those called upon to be alert
44、 to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action include consumers, managers of hospitals, patients, as well as national governments, the pharmaceutical industry, and international agencies.WHO strongly recommends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the fo
45、llowing areas like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance; rational antibiotic use, including , education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics; introducing or enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without prescription; and stric
46、t adherence to infection prevention and control measures, including the use of hand-washing measures, particularly in healthcare facilities.Successful control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many countries, and the existing and well-known infection prevention and control
47、 measures can effectively reduce transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented.WHO will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies, and to coordinate international efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance will be the theme of
48、 WHOs World Health Day 2011.（分数：15.00）(1).Why is the use of antibiotics arousing globally increasing interest?（分数：3.00）A.The misuse of the antibiotics has caused stronger bacteria resistance and no new drugs against the bacteria are available at present.B.The micro-organisms develop much faster than
49、 the past, so the researchers are more interested.C.The antibiotics for multi-drug resistant bacteria are highly priced and there will be a big market for the drug industry.D.The antibiotics has been found more powerful for the treatment of the multi-drug resistant bacteri(2).Which of the following is true of the article published in The Lancet I
