1、职称英语卫生类 A 级-24 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The little boy can t discriminate the right thing from the wrong one. A. judge B. assess C. distinguish D. recognize（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Her sister urged her to go shopping with her. A. suggested B. caused C. forced D. promised（
2、分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.She persevered in her ideas despite obvious objections raised by friends. A. persisted B. consisted C. resisted D. suggested（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The project was completed on time because the cooperation between the two companies. A. cooperation B. connection C. combination D. agreeme
3、nt（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.They decided to abandon the saving plan after discussion. A. give out B. give up C. give in D. give off（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.A great deal has been done to better the situation. A. change B. improve C. assess D. harm（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The police gave a lot of aid during the accident
4、. A. alarm B. help C. call D. fight（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.We have thought varied ways to handle the problem. A. same B. different C. many D. few（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.They can put up with the poor living condition. A. tolerate B. accept C. support D. refuse（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.These programmes are of immense
5、 importance to the young students. A. natural B. fatal C. slight D. enormous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The young man succeeded in getting job ultimately. A. at first B. at last C. at least D. at most（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.We can get inadequate money for our new project. A. enough B. efficient C. marginal D. i
6、nsufficient（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The lecture is so dull that he can t focus his attention on it. A. depend B. concentrate C. rely D. put（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The governor gave a rather determined explanation to the public. A. unclear B. firm C. short D. vague（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.He spread the excting new
7、s in public. A. secretly B. happily C. openly D. quickly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)2. “Dont Drink Alone“ Gets New MeaningIn what may be bad news for bars and pubs, an European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significantly higher risk of
8、 cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations (饮酒) with food. Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking patterns of 1,500 patients from four cancer studies and another 3,500 adults who had never had cancer.After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol
9、consumed, they found that individuals who downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals faced at least a 50 to 80 percent risk of cancer in the oral cavity (口腔), pharynx (咽), and esophagus (食道), when compared with people who drank only at meals. Consuming alcohol without food also inc
10、reased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal (喉) cancer. “Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites traced to smoking or drinking by study volunteers,“ Dal Maso says. The discouraging news his team reports, is that drinking with meals didn t eliminate cancer risk at any of the s
11、ites.For their new analysis, the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups, based on how many drinks they reported having in an average week. The lowest - intake group included people who averaged up to 20 drinks a week. The highest group reported downing at least 56 servings
12、of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day. Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only with meals. For instance, compared with people in the lowest - consumption group, participants who drank 21 to 34 alcohol ser
13、vings a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the larynx. If people in these consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals, those in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled (翻两番) their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers.People in the highest-
14、 consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times the risk of oral cancer, 7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer, and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals. In contrast, laryngeal cancer risk the high - intake, with - mea
15、ls - only group was only triple that in the low - intake consumers who drank with meals.“Alcohol can inflame tissues (组织). Over time, that inflammation can trigger cancer. “ Dal Maso says. He suspects that food reduced cancer risk either by partially coating digestive - tract tissues or by scrubbing
16、 alcohol off those tissues. He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissue s lower exposure to alcohol.（分数：7.00）(1).The risk of cancer in the mouth and neck is higher with people who drink alcohol at bars and pubs.（分数：1.00）A.Righ
17、tB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Almost 95% cancers in the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, and laryngeal are because of smoking or drinking.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).People who drank only at meals are immune from cancer than those who drink outside of meals.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not me
18、ntioned(4).The lowest - intake group have about 3 drinks per day.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Laryngeal cancer risk is the lowest for the high - intake, with - meals - only group.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Drinking alcohol and smoking together are even more poisonous than
19、 drinking outside of meals.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Dal Maso firmly believes in the reason why laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00) A. Arguing about the Rights of Animal Is Foolish
20、B. Sympathy to the Animals Should not Be Encouraged C. The Humans View Is Faultful D. Rights Exist only Wlmin a Social Contract E. Whether Animals Have Rights? F. The Most Elementary Form of Moral Reasoning（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 1
21、.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. should be encouraged rather than laughed at B. a sentimental displacement of feeling C. can have for people who never consented it D. is to weigh other s interest against one s own E. it invites you to think that animals should be treated with n
22、o consideration F. human are different from animals in every respect（分数：4.00）(1).The most elementary form of moral reasoning 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Mankind s instinct for moral reasoning in action 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).It is unclear what force a contract 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).It leads the discussion
23、1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A Source of ConcernAs millions of children head back to school, doctors are bracing for an increase in asthma (哮喘) attacks. The exposure to allergens (过敏物质) and contagious (接触传染的) colds and viruses in the classroom often triggers epi
24、sodes among asthmatics, leading to a spike (突然上升) each fall in the number of hospitalizations for the disease. And there are plenty of children at risk: research published in this week s issue of the British medical journal. The Lancet finds asthma has become more prevalent in younger children in No
25、rth American over the past decade. If the chronic condition is controlled through medication and management plans, children call usually lead relatively normal, healthy lives. But many parents aren t taking such steps.In a survey by the American Lung Association reported Tuesday, nearly three quarte
26、rs (73 percent) of 2,010 parents with asthmatic children said they are concerned about how their childs asthma will affect their ability to participate in school. Yet fewer than a third of the parents have made sure their children are under medical supervision or have talked to school administrators
27、 about their childs asthma. And fewer than half (48 percent) say theyve talked to the school teachers about their childs asthma or made sure the childs medicine is available at school (42 percent).“That s a source of concern,“ says Dr. Norman H. Edelman, chief medical officer for the American Lung A
28、ssociation, which has launched a back - to-school campaign to help parents recognize asthmatic symptoms in their kids and to develop a management plan. “This really has to be a collaboration between the doctor, parents, child and school. “It is the most common chronic condition and the leading cause
29、 of hospitalizations for those under18, according to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation. Edehnan says as many as 2 million more may have mild forms of the disease that have not have been diagnosed. Frequent shortness of breath and wheezing are common symptoms of the chronic condition. Parents should
30、also check with their childs physician if their child is waking up coughing during the night or can t keep up with other children during playtime.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following cannot lead to asthma attacks according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.The exposure to allergensB.The exposure to infectio
31、us colds.C.The exposure to infectiousD.The exposure to unclean environment.(2).According to the passage, it is worrying that（分数：3.00）A.many children are suffering from asthma.B.parents are not taking appropriate steps to control their childrens asthmatic conditions.C.children cannot lead a normal an
32、d healthy life once they have developed asthma.D.parents do not realize the harm that asthma does to their children.(3).Among the 2,010 parents surveyed by American Lung Association, nearly three quarters（分数：3.00）A.worry that their childrens asthma will affect their ability to participate in school.
33、B.have made sure that their children are under medical supervision at school.C.have talked to the school teachers about their childrens asthma.D.have made sure that medicine for asthma is available at school.(4).The back - to - school campaign launched by the American Lung Association（分数：3.00）A.help
34、ed parents recognize asthmatic symptoms in their children.B.helped parents find the right way to treat their asthmatic children.C.helped schools develop management plans for students with asthma.D.helped school teachers recognize asthmatic symptoms in students.(5).According to Edelman, parents shoul
35、d be cautious if their children（分数：3.00）A.are often short of breath.B.wake up too early in the morning.C.cannot play well with other children.D.have a wheezing when they have col六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Testing Babys BrainAs far as her friends and teachers are concerned, Ashdod is an ordinary, bright, p
36、layful 5-year-old. They might be surprised to learn that not long ago therapists were fighting to keep her from succumbing to (患严重的) autism (自闭症) - a brain disorder that afflicts one in 100 children, typically leaving them with lifelong difficulties in communicating, socializing and carrying out man
37、y basic tasks. Ashdod was lucky: when she was 10 months old, her parents became alarmed that she had little interest in looking them in the eyes, eating and moving from her back, and whisked (急忙送离) her to the Mifne Center in Rosh Pinna, Israel, a clinic that focuses on children 5 months and older wh
38、o show early warning signs of autism. The results of the Mifne treatment were startling, recalls the girl s mother, Tikva. “Now she goes to a regular school where she is the same sort of articulate (齿伶俐的), funny, normal child as anyone else,“ she says.Despite a big jump in autism awareness in the pa
39、st decade, parents, schools and doctors still frequently ignore warning signs in very young children. These can be subtle: a child never points at things, shows more interest in objects than people, has delayed speech and develops a fascination with spinning in place or with spinning toys. Many pedi
40、atricians dismiss these symptoms as harmless quirks (怪癖) that kids will outgrow. New research and experience in some autism clinics, however, suggests that starting treatment by age 2 is critical to mitigating (缓解) and in some cases entirely avoiding the disorder.Thats because unlike the brain of an
41、 adult or even an older child, a 12 - or 18 - month - olds brain is, in a sense, highly reprogrammable-that is, it responds well to treatments designed to permanently change basic patterns of thought and behavior. “All the evidence we have suggests that outcomes for these children will be better wit
42、h an earlier diagnosis, before they reach 18 months, if possible,“ says Christopher Gillberg, a child psychiatrist at Gothenburg University in Sweden.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following is true about autism according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.It is a brain disorder that makes children unable to con
43、trol their actions.B.It often leaves children with lifelong difficulties for communicating, socializing and carrying out basic tasks.C.It cannot be successfully treated and will go with the children lifelong.D.It is a brain disorder that needs care from the parents to help the suffering children rec
44、over.(2).What conclusion can we draw from Ashdod s example?（分数：3.00）A.It is best to send a child with autism for medical treatment at the age of 10 months old.B.Professional treatment can help a child with signs of autism avoid difficulties in later life.C.It is possible to avoid autism if a child w
45、ith signs of it is sent for treatment early enough.D.Not all children are as lucky as Ashdo(3).What may many pediatricians think of the subtle symptoms of autism?（分数：3.00）A.They may cause serious problems for children in later life.B.They are just children s strange habits that will be discarded in
46、late life.C.They should be treated as early as possible.D.They reflect the brain disorder the children are experiencin(4).According to the passage, starting treatment before age 2 is critical to help children get out of autism because（分数：3.00）A.parents can take charge of their life to cooperate with
47、 doctors.B.this is the period children develop their abilities for language and behavior.C.the brain of child before this age can be changed in their basic pattern of thought and behavior.D.it is easier to try treating plans on small kids than on older ones.(5).Which of the following best summaries
48、the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Autism is a kind of brain disorder than can be treated.B.Early treatment is crucial to treatment of autism.C.Parents should be careful with their children s brain development.D.Pediatricians hold different views on autism.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Infections Speed Memory LossInfect
49、ions outside the brain may speed memory decline in Alzheimer s disease, UK researchers say. The Southampton University researchers studied 222 elderly people with Alzheimer s for six months, and they found that getting infections in places like the chest or urinary tract (尿道) could lead to higher level of an inflammatory (引发炎症的) protein called turnout nec
