1、职称英语卫生类 A 级-23 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Cement was seldom used in building the Middle Ages. A. crudely B. rarely C. originally D. occasionally（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west. A. twists B. stretches C. broadens D. bends（分数：1
2、.00）A.B.C.D.3.We were astonished to hear that their football team had won the champion. A. amazed B. amounted C. amused D. approached（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits. A. removed B. cured C. worsened D. relieved（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Henry canno
3、t resist the lure of drugs. A. abuse B. flavor C. temptation D. consumption（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Medicine depends on other fields for basic information, particularly some of their specialized branches. A. conventionally B. obviously C. especially D. inevitably（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.For young children, gett
4、ing dressed is a complicated business. A. strange B. complex C. personal D. funny（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The government is debating the education laws. A. discussing B. defeating C. delaying D. declining（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers from
5、 damaging drops in grain prices. A. slight B. surprising C. sudden D. harmful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The old concerns lose importance and some of them vanish altogether. A. develop B. disappear C. link D. renew（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.These programs are of immense value to old people A. natural B. fatal C. t
6、iny D. enormous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.He is determined to consolidate his power. A. strengthen B. control C. abandon D. exercise（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation. A. permanent B. powerful C. striking D. practical（分数：1.00）A.B.C.
7、D.14.It is out of the question that the inspector will come tomorrow. A. impossible B. possible C. probable D. likely（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources. A. puzzling B. difficult C. terrifying D. urgent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2 部分：阅读
8、判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Retirement Brings Most a Big Health BoostThe self-reported health of the newly retired improves so much that most feel eight years younger, a new European study suggests.This happy news was true of almost everyone except a small minority only 2 percent who had experienced “ideal“ co
9、nditions in their working life, anyway.“The results really say three things: that work puts an extra burden on the health of older workers, that the effects of this extra burden are largely relieved by retirement and, finally, that both the extra burden and the relief are larger when working conditi
10、ons are poor,“ said Hugo Westerlund, lead author of a study published online Nov. 9 in The Lancet. “This indicates that there is a need to provide opportunities for older workers to decrease the demands in their work out of concern of their health and well-being. “But of course, added Westerlund, wh
11、o is head of epidemiology at the Stress Research Institute at Stockholm University in Sweden “not all older workers suffer from poor perceived health. Many are indeed remarkably healthy and fit for work. But sooner or later, everyone has to slow down because of old age catching up. “Last week, the s
12、ame group of researchers reported that workers slept better after retirement than before. “Sleep improves at retirement, which suggests that sleeping could be a mediator between work and perception of poor health, “Westerlund said.This study looked at what the same 15,000 French workers, most of the
13、m men, had to say about their own health up to seven years pro-retirement and up to seven years post-retirement.As participants got closer to retirement age, their perception of their own health declined, but went up again during the first year of retirement.Those who reported being in poorer health
14、 declined from 19.2 percent in the year prior to retirement to 14.3 percent by the end of the first year after retiring. According to the researchers, that means post-retirement levels of poor health fell to levels last seen eight years previously.The changes were seen in both men and women, across
15、different occupations, and lasted through the first seven years of not punching the clock.Workers who felt worse before retirement and had lower working conditions reported greater improvements as soon as they retired, the team found.（分数：7.00）(1).Most of the newly retired feel younger and healthier
16、than before.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Older workers are generally as fit for work as younger workers.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Older workers usually get on very well with younger workers.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Europe is aging faster than most other
17、parts of the globe.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The study analyzed the participants perception of their own health in a certain period.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The participants came from various countries in Europe.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The findings
18、of the study apply to conditions all over the world.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)Medicine1 Medicine is the science and art of healing. It is a science because it is based on knowledge gained through careful study and experimentation. It is an art because it
19、depends on how skillfully doctors and other medical workers apply this knowledge when dealing with patients.2 The goals of medicine are to save lives, to relieve suffering, and to maintain the dignity of ill individuals. For this reason, medicine has long been one of the most respected professions.
20、Thousands of men and women who work in the medical profession spend their lives caring for the sick. When disaster strikes, hospital workers rush emergency aid to the injured. When epidemics threaten, doctors and nurses work to prevent the spread of disease. Researchers in the medical profession con
21、tinually search for better ways of fighting disease.3 Human beings have suffered from illness since they first appeared on the earth. Throughout most of this time, they knew little about how the human body works or what causes disease. Treatment was based largely on superstition and guesswork.4 Howe
22、ver, medicine has made tremendous progress in the last several hundred years. Today, it is possible to cure, control, or prevent hundreds of diseases. People live longer than they did in the past as a result of new drugs, machines, and surgical operations. Medical progress in the control of infectio
23、us diseases, improvements in health care programs for mothers and children, and better nutrition, sanitation, and living conditions have given people a longer life expectancy.5 As medicine has become more scientific, it has also become more complicated. In the past, doctors cared for patients almost
24、 single-handedly. Patients received treatment at home for most kinds of illness. Today, doctors no longer work by themselves. Instead, they head medical teams made of nurses, laboratory workers, and many other skilled professionals. The care provided by such teams cannot generally be started at home
25、. As a result, clinics and hospitals have become the chief centers for medical care in most countries. A. In ancient tribes, treatment was based largely on superstition. B. Today, extensive knowledge and sophisticated medical techniques make possible the cure, control, and prevention of hundreds of
26、diseases. C. The goals of medicine. D. Control of infectious disease is given as a reason for a longer life. E. School infirmaries appear as a result of increasing complicated medical work. F. Medical care is now provided for patients in hospitals by a medical team consisting of doctors, nurses, and
27、 laboratory workers.（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. a longer life expectancy for most people B. artists are adroit in dealing with their painting subject C. engage in the medical profession D
28、. careful study and experimentation E. the chief centers for medical care in most countries F. science and technology（分数：4.00）(1).Doctors are skillful in dealing with patients just as 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Doctors apply the knowledge gained through 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Medical progress, improved he
29、alth care, and better living conditions have ensured 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).With the development of the medicine, clinics and hospitals have become 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk DriversA concept car developed by Japanese company
30、Nissan has a breathalyzer-like detection system and other instruments that could help keep drunk or over tired drivers off the road.The cars sensors check odors inside the car and monitor a drivers sweat for traces of alcohol. An in-car computer system can issue an alert or even lock up the ignition
31、 system if the driver seems over-the-limit. The air odor sensors are fixed firmly and deeply in the driver and passenger seats, while a detector in the gear-shift knob measures perspiration from the drivers palm.Other carmakers have developed similar detection systems. For example, Swedens Volvo has
32、 developed a breathalyzer attached to a cars seat belt that drivers must blow into before the engine will start.Nissans new concept vehicle also includes a dashboard-mounted camera that tracks a drivers alertness by monitoring their eyes. It will sound an alarm and issue a spoken warning in Japanese
33、 or English if it judges that the driver needs to pull over and rest.The car technology is still in development, but general manager Kazuhiro Doi says the combination of different detection systems should improve the overall effectiveness of the technology. “For example, if the gear-shift sensor was
34、 bypassed by a passenger using it instead of the driver, the facial recognition system would still be used,“ Doi says. Nissan has no specific timetable for marketing the system, but aims to use technology to cut the number of fatalities involving its vehicles to half 1995 levels by 2015.The cars sea
35、t belt can also tighten if drowsiness is detected, while an external camera checks that the car is keeping to its lane properly. However, Doi admits that some of the technology, such as the alcohol odor sensor, should be improved. “If you drink one beer, its going to register, so we need to study wh
36、ats the appropriate level for the system to activate,“ he says.In the UK, some research groups are using similar advanced techniques to understand driver behavior and the effectiveness of different road designs.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Japanese concept care?
37、（分数：3.00）A.It has a sensor system that could issue a warning if the driver is drunk.B.It has sensors that detect traces of alcohol inside the car.C.It has sensors locked up in the ignition system.D.It has a breathalyzer-like detection system.(2).What has Volvo developed?（分数：3.00）A.The same detection
38、 system mentioned in the previous paragraph.B.A breathalyzer attached to a cars seat belt.C.A smart car seat belt.D.An intelligent engin(3).What is the function of the camera mentioned in Paragraph 4?（分数：3.00）A.It monitors the drivers eyes to see if he needs a rest.B.It judges if the driver wants to
39、 pull over.C.It judges if the driver wants to take a rest.D.It issues an alarm when the driver speaks.(4).According to Doi,_.（分数：3.00）A.the overall effectiveness of the detection technology has improved.B.Nissan is making a timetable to market the detection system.C.it is impossible to improve the o
40、verall effectiveness of the detection system.D.Nissan aims to improve the detection technology to reduce the fatality rat(5).Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 6?（分数：3.00）A.An external camera checks that the car is going properly.B.The car will automatically keep to its lane.C.The
41、seat belt will tighten when the driver is found drowsy.D.The technology of the alcohol odor sensor should be improved六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A Sunshade for the PlanetEven with the best will in the world, reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent global wanning. It has become clear that even
42、 if we take the strongest measures to control emissions, the uncertainties in our climate models still leave open the possibility of extreme warming and rises in sea level. At the same time, resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by c
43、limate scientists might not be implemented soon enough.Fortunately, if the worst comes to the worst, scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves. For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to ta
44、ckle the root of the problem. Until now, that is, a growing number of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale “geo-engineering“ projects that might be used to counteract global wanning. “I use the analogy of methadone,“ says Stephen Schneider, a climate researcher at Stanford University i
45、n California who was among the first to draw attention to global warming. “If you have a heroin addict, the correct treatment is hospitalization and a long rehab. But if they absolutely refuse, methadone is better than heroin. “Basically the idea is to apply “sunscreen“ to the whole planet. One astr
46、onomer has come up with a radical plan to cool Earth; launch trillions of feather-light discs into space, where they would form a vast cloud that would block the suns rays. Its controversial, but recent studies suggest there are ways to deflect just enough of the sunlight reaching the Earths surface
47、 to counteract the warming produced by the greenhouse effect. Global climate models show that blocking just 1.8 per cent of the incident energy in the suns rays would cancel out the warming effects produced by a doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. That could be crucial, because even the
48、most severe emissions-control measures being proposed would leave us with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of this century, and that would last for at least a century more.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the first two paragraphs, the author thinks that_.（分数：3.00）A.strong measures have been taken b
49、y the government to prevent global warming.B.to reduce carbon emissions is all impossible mission.C.despite the difficulty, scientists have some options to prevent global warming.D.actions suggested by scientists will never be realize(2).Scientists resist talking about their options because they dont want people to_.（分数：3.00）A.know what t
