1、职称英语卫生类 A级-21 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Tom felt so happy that he broke into song. A. burst B. blasted C. burned D. blazed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The manager got angry because his secretary was ten minutes late. A. was in a bad mood B. lost his temper C. changed his mind D
2、. have a passion（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The food is insufficient for three people. A. instant B. infinite C. inexpensive D. inadequate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.There are many teachers who are strong supporters traditional methods in Chinese teaching. A. performers B. advocates C. sponsors D. contributors（分数：1.0
3、0）A.B.C.D.5.His kidney was given to his daughter so as to save her life. A. transformed B. transported C. transmitted D. transplanted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.We had an exceptionally warm last year, but it was extremely cold this winter. A. slight B. mild C. light D. tender（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The strong sto
4、rm did lots of damage to this costal village: several fishing boats were destroyed and many houses collapsed. A. wrecked B. spoiled C. torn D. injured（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.She has got a good job and earns a lot of money. A. a great deal of B. a large quantity of C. a large number of D. a great level of
5、（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.But in the end he approved of our proposal. A. undoubtedly B. certainly C. ultimately D. necessarily（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management. A. evaluation B. production C. efficiency D. publicity（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The music wa
6、s a little loud, but except that it was a great concert. A. better than B. more than C. other than D. rather than（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The government has put forward new proposals to tackle the problem of increasing crime. A. brought up B. brought in C. brought back D. brought forward（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.
7、13.Though he was born and brought up in Japan, he can speak good English. A. smooth B. fluent C. fluid D. flowing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The fighter plane fell into a mountain after take-off, its bombs exploding as it hit the ground. A. smashed B. cast C. plunged D. crashed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.At the bir
8、thday party, Lily kissed her father to express her thanks for his lovely present. A. altitude B. attitude C. gratitude D. latitude（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)El NinoWhile some forecasting methods had limited SUCCESS predicting the 1997 E1 Nino a few months in advance, the Columbia Un
9、iversity researchers say their method call predict large E1 Nonevents up to two years in advance. That would be good news for governments, farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that E1 Nino can produce in various parts of the world.Using a computer the researchers ma
10、tched sea-surface temperatures to later E1 Ni?o occurrences between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate E1 Nino events dating back to 1857, using prior sea-surface temperatures. The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature.The researchers say their method is not per
11、fect, but Bryan C. Weare, a meteorologist at the University of California, Davis, who was not involved in the work, said it “suggests E1 Nino is indeed predictable.“This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods.“ Said Weare. He added that the new method “makes it p
12、ossible to predict E1 Nino at long lead times.“Other models also use sea-surface temperatures, but they have not looked as far back because they need other data, which is only available for recent decades, Weare said.The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacific is of immense importa
13、nce. The 1997 EL Nino, for example, caused an estimated $20 billion in damage worldwide, offset by beneficial effects in other areas. The 1877 E1 Nino, meanwhile, coincided with a failure of the Indian monsoon and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China, prompting the development
14、of seasonal forecasting, Anderson said.When E1 Nino hit in 1991 and 1997. 200 million people were affected by flooding in Chinaalone, according to a 2002 United Nations report.While predicting smaller E1 Nino events remains tricky. The ability to predict larger ones should be increased to at least a
15、 year if the new method is confirmed.E1 Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and February. The warming tends to last between 9 and 12 months and occurs every two to seven years.The new forecasting method does not predict any major E1 Nino events in the n
16、ext two years,although a weak warming toward the end of this year is possible.（分数：7.00）(1).The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict E 1 Nino a few months in advance.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship betwee
17、n the past E1 Ni?o occurrences and sea-surface temperatures.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match the past EI Nino occurrences.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Weares contribution in predicting E
18、1 Nino, was highly praised by other meteorologists.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).According to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by E1 Nino in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 million Chinese people.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).It takes about eight months for E1 Nino t
19、o reach its peak.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).A special institute has been set up in America to study E1 Nino.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)Adult Education1 Voluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult education.
20、Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpret their experience as adults.Adults may want to study something which they missed in earlier schooling, get new skills or job training, find out about new technological developments, seek better self-understanding, or develop new t
21、alents and skills.2 This kind of education may be in the form of self-study with proper guidance through the use of libraries, correspondence course, or broadcasting. It may also be acquired collectively in schools and colleges, study groups, workshops, clubs, and professional associations.3 Modem a
22、dult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Great economic and social changes were taking place:people were moving from rural areas to cities; new types of work were being created in an expanding factory system. These
23、and other factors produced a need for further education andre-education of adults.4 The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s, with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanics institute in Glasgow. The earliest adult education institutio
24、n in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin and some friends in Philadelphia in 1727.5 People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of employment today.For example, parts of the adult population in many countries find it necessary to take part in retraining progra
25、ms at work of even to learn completely new jobs. Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs. AVoluntary learning BNecessary continued learning CModem adult education DThe earliest programs and institution EMost forms of employment FDefinition of adult educatio
26、n（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ Adevelop new talents Blearn organized courses voluntarily Cgreat economic and social changes Dcontinued learning Eby self-study Fin the 18th and 19th centuri
27、es（分数：4.00）(1).Generally speaking, adult education encourages mature men and women to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Adult education can be acquired collectively or 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Modem adult education for large numbers of people witnessed 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Adult education programs are springing u
28、p constantly to meet the needs of 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Dorm Food More ComfyOnce upon a time, eating in an American college dorm meant soup in a hotpot or getting pizza delivered. The most interesting thing about the campus dining hall was often the salad
29、bar.No more. These days, US college students have refined tastes and a growing interest in preparing their own food. Mini-refrigerators and microwaves in dorm rooms are as essential as laptops.“The cooking awareness of college students is increasing,“ said Tom Post, president of campus dining for So
30、dexo, a major food service company. “Students today grew up watching celebrity chefs on TV, eating organic food and valuing good nutrition.“In response, cafeteria menus have changed. Sodexos top campus foods for 2009 include Vietnamese noodle soup, goat cheese salad, and Mexican chicken. But college
31、s are also catering to student demands for more flexible and personalized dining options.Chart wells, the company that prepares food for dining halls at Ohio Wesleyan University in the state of Ohio, offers microwaveable meals that students can take away, as well as a program where students can have
32、 food individually prepared. Or they can even do their own cooking.This fall, Sarah Lawrence College in New York will offer students on its meal plan a chance to pick up groceries in the cafeteria as an alternative to a cooked meal.“Students want things that are easy to make, things that dont take l
33、ong and will still taste good,“ said Rachel Holcomb, a University of Massachusetts-Amherst student who updated recipes for the new edition of The Healthy College Cookbook.Angelo Berti, a chef at the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts, teaches cooking in dorm kitchens. But Berti sa
34、ys hes not just teaching recipes. Hes encouraging students to use dining together as a way to socialize and as a means of self-expression; “The meal is your canvas,“ Berti said. “You paint .what you want.“Thats why at the College of William new types of work were being created in an expanding factor
35、y system. These and other factors produced a need for further education andre-education of adults.4 The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s, with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanics institute in Glasgow. The earliest adult educ
36、ation institution in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin and some friends in Philadelphia in 1727.5 People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of employment today.For example, parts of the adult population in many countries find it necessary to take part in r
37、etraining programs at work of even to learn completely new jobs. Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs. AVoluntary learning BNecessary continued learning CModem adult education DThe earliest programs and institution EMost forms of employment FDefinition o
38、f adult education（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：F）解析：第 1句提到了 A(自愿学习)和 F(成人教育的定义)的内容，本句中的 be called(被称为 1，说明前面的内容是后面 adult education的定义，而 A选项与原文相比缺少的是 mature men and women(成年人)，所以不能概括本段大意，因此正确答案为 F。本段第 1句给出成人教育的定义，余下的内容都在围绕这个定义叙述，进一步阐述成人教育的目的等等。(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答
39、案：C）解析：第 1句提到选项 C的内容，所以正确答案为 C。该段主要介绍 Modern adult education (现代成人教育)兴起时间，引发的一系列变化导致再教育需求的产生。(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：D）解析：本段第 1句提到了选项 D的内容，第 2句又重复提到，所以 D就为本题正确答案。本段的两句话分别介绍 the earliest programs和 the earliest adult education institution。(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：B）解析：第
40、5段第 1句提到 continued learning，选项 B与此完全吻合，所以为正确答案。首句即中心句，强调 continued learning的重要性，尤其是面对各行各业的工作。Adult education programs 正因此而生。 Adevelop new talents Blearn organized courses voluntarily Cgreat economic and social changes Dcontinued learning Eby self-study Fin the 18th and 19th centuries（分数：4.00）(1).Gen
41、erally speaking, adult education encourages mature men and women to 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：B）解析：题干中的固定用法：encourage sbto do sth鼓励某人做某事。所以该空白处应填动词原形，只能从 A、B 中选择，因为题目中有 generally speaking(一般而言)，那么肯定是成人教育的基本目的，第 1句对成人教育做了一个定义，就提到选项 B的内容，也就是 B选项代表了成人教育的定义。A 项在本段最后一句出现，是成人学习目的的一部分，更具体。所以 B更符合题意。一般而言，成人教
42、育鼓励成年男性和女性主动学习课程。(2).Adult education can be acquired collectively or 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：E）解析：画定题干关键词 collectively，根据关键词回归到第 2段，本段只有两句话，而这两句话结构相似。正好吻合题干中 or前后的内容，E 项是原文 be in the form of self-study的改写，跟在动词acquire后面，表示自学获得，所以正确答案为 E。本段叙述成人教育可以通过自学也可以通过集体学习来达到教育目的。(3).Modem adult education for la
43、rge numbers of people witnessed 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：C）解析：横线前 witness(见证、亲眼看见)是及物动词后接宾语，所以答案锁定在名词词组 C和 D，根据题干关键词 modern adult education回归到原文第 3段第 1句，这一句虽然找不到答案，但下一句选项 C与此完全吻合，说明这就是正确答案。现代成人教育见证了经济和社会的巨大变化。(4).Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet the needs of 1.（分数：1.00）填空
44、项 1:_ （正确答案：D）解析：横线前有介词 of，那么横线处应该填入名词或动名词或代词，选项 C和 D符合这个条件，meet the need of意思是满足的需求，这个短语在文章最后一句出现 Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs与题干几乎完全一致，解题需要理解原文中的 these指代什么内容。答案肯定在本段，浏览第 5段，发现前 2句都出现 learning，所以可以确定答案为 D。第 l句为中心句：人们意识到 continued learning的重要性，所以
45、对 adult education programs需求度日益增高。四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Dorm Food More ComfyOnce upon a time, eating in an American college dorm meant soup in a hotpot or getting pizza delivered. The most interesting thing about the campus dining hall was often the salad bar.No more. These
46、 days, US college students have refined tastes and a growing interest in preparing their own food. Mini-refrigerators and microwaves in dorm rooms are as essential as laptops.“The cooking awareness of college students is increasing,“ said Tom Post, president of campus dining for Sodexo, a major food
47、 service company. “Students today grew up watching celebrity chefs on TV, eating organic food and valuing good nutrition.“In response, cafeteria menus have changed. Sodexos top campus foods for 2009 include Vietnamese noodle soup, goat cheese salad, and Mexican chicken. But colleges are also caterin
48、g to student demands for more flexible and personalized dining options.Chart wells, the company that prepares food for dining halls at Ohio Wesleyan University in the state of Ohio, offers microwaveable meals that students can take away, as well as a program where students can have food individually prepared. Or they can even do their own cooking.This fall, Sarah Lawrence College in New York will offer students on its meal plan a chance to pick up groceries in th
