1、职称英语卫生类 A级-15 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.A new system of quality control was brought in to overcome the defects in the firms products.（分数：1.00）A.investedB.introducedC.installedD.insisted2.Unfortunately, the rate of his expenditure surpasses that of his income.（分数：1.
2、00）A.precedesB.dominatesC.exceedsD.prevails3.We had to abandon the car and walk the rest of the way.（分数：1.00）A.give inB.give awayC.give backD.give up4.The dentist has decided to take out the girls bad tooth.（分数：1.00）A.digB.drawC.pullD.extract5.I am sure to tell you that theres no danger.（分数：1.00）A.e
3、nsureB.assureC.insureD.secure6.Gas does Uaccumulate/U in the mines around here.（分数：1.00）A.increaseB.spreadC.collectD.grow7.The world champion suffered a sensational defeat.（分数：1.00）A.reasonableB.dramaticC.humiliatingD.horrifying8.The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its s
4、carce resources.（分数：1.00）A.puzzlingB.difficultC.terrifyingD.urgent9.An important part of the national government is the Foreign Service, a branch of the Department of State.（分数：1.00）A.a unityB.a divisionC.an embassyD.an invasion10.With immense relief, I stopped running.（分数：1.00）A.SomeB.enormousC.lit
5、tleD.extensive11.Smoking will be banned in all public places here.（分数：1.00）A.forbiddenB.allowedC.permittedD.promoted12.The president proposed that we should bring the meeting to a close.（分数：1.00）A.statedB.saidC.announcedD.suggested13.Many fine cooks insist on ingredients of the highest quality.（分数：1
6、.00）A.demandB.rely onC.prepare forD.create14.A healthy life is frequently thought to be connected with the open countryside and homegrown food.（分数：1.00）A.tiedB.boundC.involvedD.associated15.There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children.（分数：1.00）A.advocateB.forbidC.inheritD.withdraw二、B第
7、2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 Some sleep drugs do more than make you sleepThe United States Food and Drug Administration (美国食品及药品管理局) has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on thirteen drugs that treat
8、sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs. Last Wednesday, the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. These include the risk of life-threatening allergic (过敏性
9、的) reactions. They also include rare incidents of strange behavior. These include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep. Last year, a member of the United States Congress said he had a sleep-driving incident
10、. Patrick Kennedy, a representative from Rhode Island, crashed his car into a security barrier near the building where lawmakers meet. The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt. Mr. Kennedy said he had earlier taken a sleep medicine. He said he was also being treated with
11、a stomach sickness drug that can cause sleepiness. The Food and Drug Administration did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep driving it has documented. However, the New York Times reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the drug Ambien. Some
12、 reported sleep-driving and sleepwalking. Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep. But they had no memory of carrying out the activities. A Food and Drug Administration official says that these serious side effects of sleep disord
13、er drugs appear to be rare. But, he also said there are probably more cases than are reported. He said the agency believes the risk of such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking the drugs. The Food and Drug Administration has advised dr
14、ug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem. （分数：7.00）(1).There are altogether 13 drugs treating sleep disorders in the United States.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).FDA considers it the producers duty to warn the users of sleeping pills about the serious side e
15、ffects and to tell them how to use safely.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).An allergic reaction to sleeping pills may sometimes cause a user to die.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).A stomach sickness drug alone caused Patrick Kennedy to crash his car into a se
16、curity barrier.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).FDA based its order upon a wide investigation of sleep-driving.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).Sleep-walking is also one of the serious side effects induced by taking sleeping pills.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wron
17、g C.C. Not mentioned(7).The appearance of one or another side effect after taking some sleeping pill is unavoidable.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)下面的短文后有 2项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2、4、5、6 段每段选择 1个最佳标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定 1个最佳选项。 M
18、ore Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good ThingAlthough the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, a new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences. Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours e
19、ach weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a nights sleep than 8 hour sle
20、epers. These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good nights rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night. He added that “it might be a good idea“ for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to c
21、onsider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this. Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep, for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have
22、 a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more. For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems
23、 included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning. Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem
24、than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed. “It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a
25、time in bed, then theyll spend a higher percentage of time a wake. “ he said.A. Keprikes research tool B. Dangers of Habitual shortages of sleep C. Criticism on Kripkes report D. A way of, overcoming insomnia E. Sleep problems of long and short sleepers F. Classification of sleep problems （分数：4.00）(
26、1).Paragraph 2 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. fall asleep again B. become more energetic the following day C. sleep less than 7 hours D. confirm those serious consequences E. suffer sleep problems F. sleep mo
27、re than 8 hours （分数：4.00）(1).To get a good nights rest, people may not need to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).One of the sleep problems is waking in the. middle of the night, unable to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).One survey showed that people wh
28、o habitually _ each night have a higher risk of dying.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面每篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选定 1个最佳选项。 B第一篇/BSleeplessnessInsomnia or sleeplessness is a common complaint of women as they enter into menopause. Insomnia means having trouble falling asleep for staying a
29、sleep or the feeling that your sleep was no! adequate for you. For women who are having night sweats, their sleep is broken by frequent awakening and therefore not refreshing. Generally once the night sweats are controlled a normal sleep pattern returns. If it doesnt, it may be, or have become chron
30、ic insomnia. How do you know? If you suffer from insomnia every night or most nights for a period of one month then you have chronic insomnia. If youre not having night sweats then its time to look for other causes of sleeplessness. Depression and anxiety disorders are the most common causes of chro
31、nic insomnia. If you feel depressed you need to be checked by a qualified health care provider. Movement disorders such as restless leg syndrome are second on the list of insomnia for them; there are new medicines that may help. Other common causes are shift working and pain. In up to 30% of people
32、with chronic insomnia no cause can be identified. Medical treatment of these people has generally been with sleeping pills. It is estimated that 25% of the adult population in America took some type of medicines for sleep last year. It is generally agreed that sleeping pills should only be in the lo
33、west dose and for the shortest possible time. Sleep hygiene is directed at changing bad sleep habits. The recommendations are: -Go to bed only when sleepy. -Do not wait up to a specified time. -Avoid caffeine and alcohol in the evening, etc. （分数：15.00）(1).The word “insomnia“ in the first paragraph m
34、eans _.（分数：3.00）A.having trouble falling or staying asleepB.feeling that ones sleep is adequate for himC.having no sweats at nightD.having a normal sleep pattern(2).How many possible causes of sleeplessness are mentioned in the second paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Five.B.Six.C.Seven.D.Numerous.(3).The expres
35、sion “second on the list“ in the second paragraph means _.（分数：3.00）A.the second least important cause of sleeplessnessB.the second most important cause of sleeplessnessC.the second on the doctors list about sleepless peopleD.the second on the writers list recording sleeplessness(4).Concerning the us
36、e of sleeping pills, which of the following statements is true?（分数：3.00）A.Most adult Americans use sleeping pills for sleep.B.Doctors seldom give sleepless people sleeping pills.C.Sleeping pills should be used for a very fixed period.D.Sleeping pills should be used in a very small amount.(5).Which o
37、f the following does not fit with sleep hygiene?（分数：3.00）A.Making a rule to go to bed at a specific time every day.B.Going to bed when sleepy, not always at the same time.C.Trying not to drink any caffeine and alcohol in the evening.D.Changing bad sleep habits and following doctors advice.B第二篇/BComm
38、on-cold SenseYou cant beat it, but you dont have to join it. Maybe it got the name “common cold“ because its more common in winter. The fact is, though, being cold doesnt have anything to do with getting one. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses，and, at least so far, medical science is bet
39、ter at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one. Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults, because they have more colds than adults-an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple. They
40、havent had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses. There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same one twice. Being infected by one makes you immune to it-but only it. Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughing. From another person
41、s hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes in the most common route. The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces. Hygiene is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently
42、, preferably with a disinfectant soap, especially when children in your household have colds. But even careful hygiene wont ward off every cold. So, what works when a coughing, sneezing, runny nose strikes? The old prescription of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rests a good place to start. But
43、 youll also find some of the folk remedies worth trying. Hot mixtures of sugar ( or honey), lemon, and water have real benefits. （分数：15.00）(1).According to the essay, you may have a cold because _.（分数：3.00）A.the weather is too coldB.the spread of rhinoviruses gets people infectedC.another persons co
44、ughing passes the cold to youD.you wash your hands too often(2).The best way to keep yourself from getting colds is _.（分数：3.00）A.to keep yourself cleanB.to use a disinfectant soapC.to take two aspirins every dayD.to drink lots of water(3).Children have more colds because _.（分数：3.00）A.they are usuall
45、y infected about eight times each yearB.they are not immune to many cold viruses yetC.they never wash their hands so that their thumbnails are dirtyD.they dont like eating lemon(4).When you are having a old _.（分数：3.00）A.it is always the same kind of cold that you had last timeB.it may be the same ki
46、nd of cold that you had last timeC.it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last timeD.it is probably not the same kind of cold that you had last time(5).When one is having a cold, he may often have all the following symptoms EXCEPT _.（分数：3.00）A.coughingB.having a sore throatC.having a
47、 runny noseD.having a stomachacheB第三篇/BDrug Reactions-a Major Cause of DeathAdverse drug reactions may cause the deaths of over 100,000 US hospital patients each year, making them a leading cause of death nationwide, according to a report in the Journal of the American Medical Association. “The inci
48、dence of serious and fatal adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in US hospitals was found to be extremely high. “ say researchers at the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada. They carried on an analysis of 39 ADR-related studies at US hospitals over the past 30 years and defined an ADR as “any harmful, unintended, and undesired effect of a drug which occurs at doses used in humans for prevention, diagnosis, or therapy. “ An average 6.7% of all hospitalized patients experience an ADR every year, according to the researchers. They estimate that “ In 1994, overall 2,216,000 hospitalized patients
