1、职称英语卫生类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-55 及答案解析(总分：100.03，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：5，分数：100.00)Studies Show US Spending Doesnt Get Best HealthThe United States may spend twice as much on health care as other rich countries but it is not getting results to match, according to studies released on Tuesday.But in the s
2、tudy of five wealthy countries, published in the journal Health Affairs, researchers found no single nation had clearly the worst or best health care system.Gerard Anderson at Johns Hopkins Universitys school of public health and colleagues came up with a list of 21 health fields they could evenly c
3、ompare across the five countries Australia, Canada, Britain, New Zealand and the United States.“None of the five countries is consistently the best or the worst on all 21 indicators,“ Anderson said during a telephone briefing for reporters.“If you are looking for the place to get the best care, ther
4、e isnt a single place. Every country has at least one indicator where it scores the best of the five countries and each country has at least one indicator where it scores the worst of the five countries. “But, he said, the United States is not getting value for money. “The United States should be pa
5、rticularly concerned about these results, given that we spend twice as much on health care as any other country. So spending more doesnt necessarily result in better outcomes.Andersons group of international health experts sponsored by the Commonwealth Fund spent five years working on the study, get
6、ting the latest possible data from the five countries on areas such as breast cancer and leukemia survival, suicide rates, death rates from asthma, vaccination rates and cancer screening.（分数：21.00）(1).The US spends twice as much on health care as other rich countries.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mention
7、ed（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(2).The US is the place where people get the best health care.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(3).Each year, the US spends more money on health care than the previous one.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(4).The more a country spends on health care,
8、the better care its people enjoy.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(5).The study involved 5 countries and lasted 5 years.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(6).The other four countries provide better health care than the US.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.
9、C.(7).The US is determined to do something about its health care system.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.Most Adults in US Have Low Risk of Heart DiseaseMore than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years, according to a
10、 report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent.“I hope that these numbers will give physicians, researchers, health policy analysts, and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in the US population, “ lead au
11、thor Dr. Earl S. Ford, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, said in a statement.The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects, between 20 and 79 years of age, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994
12、.Overall, 82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent, 15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent, and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent.The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age, and men were more likely than women to be in this
13、group. By contrast, race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions.Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease, a large proportion have a high or immediate risk, Dr. Daniel S. Berman, from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, and Dr. Natha
14、n D. Wong, from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial.Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward, they add.（分数：21.00）(1).The 10-year risk of heart disease is low for most US adults.A. Right B. Wron
15、g C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(2).Only 3 percent of US adults have a more than 10 percent 10-year risk of heart disease.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(3).More than 100 thousand people participated in the survey.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(4).There was a gr
16、eater proportion of men than women in the survey.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(5).The distributions of the risk of heart disease are closely related to race.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(6).Elderly people have a higher risk of heart disease than younger people
17、.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(7).The US government will take measures to reduce the overall population risk.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.SmokingSince 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the
18、evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be a
19、n important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected be
20、cause they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black
21、tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only
22、 slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.（分数：21.00）(1).It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(2).Smoking reduces ones life expectancy.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(3).Smoking, may induce lung cancer.A. Right B. Wr
23、ong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(4).There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(5).Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(6).Nicotine is poi
24、sonous.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(7).Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safe.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.Some Sleep Drugs Do More Than Make You SleepThe United States Food and Drug Administration has ordered companies to place strong new warnings on
25、thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders. It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how to safely use the drugs.Last Wednesday, the FDA announced that some of these drugs can have unexpected and dangerous effects. These include the risk of life-
26、threatening allergic reactions. They also include rare incidents of strange behavior. These include people cooking food, eating and even driving while asleep. The patients later had no memory of doing these activities while asleep.Last year, a member of the United States Congress said he had a sleep
27、-driving incident. Patrick Kennedy, a representative from Rhode Island, crashed his car into a security barrier near the building where lawmakers meet. The accident happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt. Mr. Kennedy said he had earlier taken a sleep medicine. He said he was also be
28、ing treated with a stomach sickness drug that could cause sleepiness.The Food and Drug Administration did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it had documented. However, the New York Times reported last year about people who said they had strange sleep events after taking the
29、 drug Ambien. Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking. Others said they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep. But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.A. Food and Drug Administration official says that these serious side effe
30、cts of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare. But, he also says there are probably more cases than are reported. He says the agency believes the risk of such behaviors could be reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking the drugs. The Food and Drug Administra
31、tion has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem.（分数：21.00）(1).There are altogether 13 drugs treating sleep disorders in the United States.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(2).FDA considers it the producers duty to warn the users of sleeping pills about
32、 the serious side effects and to tell them how to use safely.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(3).An allergic reaction to sleeping pills may sometimes cause a user to die.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(4).A stomach sickness drug alone caused Patrick Kennedy to cras
33、h his car into a security barrier.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(5).FDA based its order upon a wide investigation of sleep-driving.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(6).Sleep-walking is also one of the serious side effects induced by taking sleeping pills.A. Right B
34、. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.(7).The appearance of one or another side effect after taking some sleeping pill is unavoidable.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：3.00）A.B.C.Dangers Await Babies with AltitudeWomen who live in the worlds highest communities tend to give birth to under-weigh
35、t babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. Bur it wasnt clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mother
36、s are under-nourished many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.To find out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich and poor ar
37、eas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers.Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was
38、true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. “We were very surprised by this result, “ says Giussani.The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxyge
39、n before birth. “This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child. “ says Giussani.His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will
40、send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body.Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease
41、. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.（分数：16.03）(1).According to the passage, one of the reasons why newborns in mountain communities are underweight is that their mothers are underweight.A. Right B. Wrong
42、C. Not mentioned（分数：2.29）A.B.C.(2).Giussanis team members are all British researchers and professors from Cambridge University.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：2.29）A.B.C.(3).Giussani did not expect to find that the weight of a baby had little to do with the financial conditions of the family h
43、e was born into.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：2.29）A.B.C.(4).The weight of a newborn has to do with the supply of oxygen even when he was still in his mothers womb.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：2.29）A.B.C.(5).High-altitude babies have heads that are larger than their bodies.A. Right
44、B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：2.29）A.B.C.(6).High-altitude babies have longer but thinner limbs than average.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：2.29）A.B.C.(7).Giussani has arrived at the conclusion that babies in high-altitude regions are more likely to have heart trouble when they grow up.A. Righ
45、t B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：2.29）A.B.C.职称英语卫生类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-55 答案解析(总分：100.03，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：5，分数：100.00)Studies Show US Spending Doesnt Get Best HealthThe United States may spend twice as much on health care as other rich countries but it is not getting results to match, according to
46、 studies released on Tuesday.But in the study of five wealthy countries, published in the journal Health Affairs, researchers found no single nation had clearly the worst or best health care system.Gerard Anderson at Johns Hopkins Universitys school of public health and colleagues came up with a lis
47、t of 21 health fields they could evenly compare across the five countries Australia, Canada, Britain, New Zealand and the United States.“None of the five countries is consistently the best or the worst on all 21 indicators,“ Anderson said during a telephone briefing for reporters.“If you are looking
48、 for the place to get the best care, there isnt a single place. Every country has at least one indicator where it scores the best of the five countries and each country has at least one indicator where it scores the worst of the five countries. “But, he said, the United States is not getting value f
49、or money. “The United States should be particularly concerned about these results, given that we spend twice as much on health care as any other country. So spending more doesnt necessarily result in better outcomes.Andersons group of international health experts sponsored by the Commonwealth Fund spent five years working on the study, getting the latest possible data from the five countries on areas such as breast cancer and leukemia survival, suicide rates, death rates from asthma, vaccination rates and cancer screening.（分数：21.00）(1).The US spends twice as much on healt
