1、职称英语卫生类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-39 及答案解析(总分：104.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.You should cultivate the habit of reading carefully. A. invent B. begin C. initiate D. develop（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The emphasis on the importance of education has spurred scientific research.A. encouraged B. fastened C. r
2、aised D. initiated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A. tensely B. nearly C. closely D. carefully（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.He accused that company of breaking the contract.A. tearing B. writing C. breaching D. concealing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The number of the United States citize
3、ns who are eligible to vote continues to increase.A. encouraged B. enforced C. expected D. entitled（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.“What do you mean by that”Paul asked sharplyA. criticallyB. helplessyC. politelyD. quickly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.You dont need to carry large amounts of cash; actually all financial busi
4、nesses will be conducted by computers.A. transmissions B. transitions C. transactions D. transportation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Eventually,she got a job and moved to London.A. Finally B. Certainly C. Luckily D. Naturally（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The train came to an abrupt stop, making us wonder where we were.A.
5、 slow B. noisy C. sudden D. jumpy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Tebbuts own product, called Brainstorm, is a sophisticated software ideas organizer that is cheap, easy to use and quite helpful.A. different B. excellentC. complex D. old（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Pure feldspar is a colorless, transparent mineral, but i
6、mpurities commonly make it opaque and colorful.A. truly B. rapidly C. periodically D. frequently（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.John Hanson helped draft instructions for Marylands delegates to the Stamp Act Congress.A. clarify B. formulate C. revise D. contribute（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Beijing is a pleasant place w
7、ith convenient transportation and communication system.A. shocking B. pleasingC. boring D. surprising（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.A ship was reported to be in distress a few miles out at sea.A. danger B. formationC. service D. develop（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.His health had deteriorated while he was in prison.A. b
8、ecame better B. became worseC. became stronger D. became weaker（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Reading for PleasureThe first thing I want to insist on is that reading should be enjoyable. Of course, there are many books that we all have to read, either to pass examinations or to acquire
9、information, from which it is impossible to extract enjoyment. We are reading them for instruction, and the best we can hope is that our need for it will enable us to get through them without tedium. Such books we read unwillingly rather than willingly. But that is not the sort of reading I have in
10、mind. The books I shall mention in due course will help you neither to get a degree nor to earn your living, they will not teach you to sail a boat or run a stopped motor, but they will help you to live more fully. However, they cannot do unless you enjoy reading them.Every man is his own best criti
11、c. Whatever the learned say about a book, however unanimous they are in their praise of it, unless it interests you, it is no business of yours. Dont forget that critics often make mistakes; the history of criticism is full of the serious mistakes some of them have made, and you are the final judge
12、of the value to you of the book you are reading. This, of course, applies to the books I am going to recommend to your attention.We are none of us exactly like everyone else, only rather like, and it would be unreasonable to suppose that the books that have meant a great deal to me should be precise
13、ly those that will mean a great deal to you. If any of you who are not interested in the books I introduce to you, just put them down; they will be of no service to you if you do not enjoy them. No one is under an obligation to read poetry, fiction or literature. He must read them for pleasure, and
14、who can claim that what pleases one man must necessarily please another?（分数：7.00）(1).The first thing I want to insist on is that reading should be pleasant.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).Whatever the learned say about a book, however unanimous they are in their praise of it, un
15、less it interests you, it is no business of yours.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).We are reading them for interests, and the best we can hope is that our need for it will enable us to get through them without tedium.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).It would b
16、e reasonable to suppose that the books that have meant a great deal to me should be precisely those that will mean a great deal to you.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).No one is forced to read poetry or fiction or novels.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).The au
17、thor likes reading various kinds of books.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).If you dont like to read certain books, it means that they are of no service to you.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：12.00)Successful Language Learners1 Some peop
18、le seem to have a knack for learning languages. They can pick up new vocabulary, master rules or grammar, and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others. They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others, so what makes language learning so much easier for them? Perhaps if we t
19、ake a close look at these successful language learners, we may discover a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them.2 First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their own way to learn the
20、language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn from mistakes.3 Successful language learning is ac
21、tive learning. Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat wh
22、at they hear or to say strange things; they are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.4 Finally, succes
23、sful language learners are learners with a purpose. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. They find it easy to practice
24、using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.5 What kind of language learner are you? If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully. On the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, yo
25、u might as well try some of the techniques outlined above.A. Ways to Learn a Language SuccessfullyB. Learning a language PurposefullyC. Learning a Language ActivelyD. Learning a Language IndependentlyE. Learning from MistakesF. Learning to Think in the Target Language（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1 _（分数：1.
26、00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Understanding Autism1. Autism(孤独症) is a life-long developmental disability that prevents individuals from properly understanding what they see, hear, and otherwise sense. This results in seve
27、re problems of social relationships, communication, and behavior. Individuals with autism have to painstakingly(费力的) learn normal patterns of speech and communication, and appropriate ways to relate to people, objects, and events, in a similar manner to those who have had a stroke.2. The cause of au
28、tism is still unknown. Some research suggests a physical problem affecting those parts of the brain that process language and information coming in from the senses. There may be some imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain. Genetic(遗传的) factors may sometimes be involved. Autism may indeed result
29、 from a combination of several “causes“.3. Most people with mental retardation(智力迟钝) show relatively even skill development. Individuals with autism, however, typically show uneven skill development, with deficits(欠缺) in certain areas most frequently in their ability to communicate and relate to oth
30、ersand distinct skills in other areas. It is important to distinguish autism from mental retardation or other disorders, since diagnostic (诊断的) confusion may lead to inappropriate and ineffective treatment techniques.4. In general, individuals with autism perform best at jobs which are structured an
31、d involve a degree of repetition. Some people who have autism are working as artists, piano tuners, painters, farm workers, office workers, computer operators, dishwashers, assembly line workers, or employees of sheltered workshops or other sheltered work settings.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1A. What cau
32、ses autism?B. How common is autism?C. Does autism occur together with other disabilities?D. What is the difference between autism and mental retar-dation?E. What is autism?F. What kinds of jobs can individuals with autism do?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3（分数：1.00）填空项
33、1:_(4).Paragraph 4（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Individuals with autism are particularly weak atA. different techniquesB. social relationships and communicationC. language and informationD. several causes w9rking togetherE. a degree of repetitionF. skill development（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).It is possible that auti
34、sm happens as a result of（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Autism and mental retardation should be treated with（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).A typical feature of people with autism is their uneven（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Late-night DrinkingCoffee lovers beware. Having a quick “pick-me
35、-up“ cup of coffee1 late in the day will play havoc with your sleep. As well as being a stimulant, caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin, the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep.Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 a.m. and 4
36、 a. m. , before falling again. “Its the neurohormone that controls our sleep and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,“ says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee h
37、alves the bodys levels of this sleep hormone.Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decal. On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drin
38、king caffeinated coffee, compared with 415 minutes after decal. They also took half an hour to drop off-twice as long as usual-and jigged around in bed twice as much.In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers wolfe the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample. S
39、hilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decal drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicinc, the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme tha
40、t drives melatonin production.Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decal after lunch.（分数：15.00）(1).The author mentions “pick-me-up“ to indicate that_.A. melatonin levels need to be raisedB. neurohormone can wake us upC. co
41、ffee is a stimulantD. decal is a caffeinated coffee（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?_A. Caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that stops melatonin production.B. Caffeine interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleeping.C. Caffein
42、e halves the bodys levels of sleep hormone.D. Caffeine stays in the body for many hours.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss?A. Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep.B. Different findings of Lotan Shilo and a team about caffeine.C. The fact that the subjects
43、 slept 415 minutes per night after drinking decaf.D. The evidence that the subjects took half an hour to fall asleep.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove?_A. There are more enzymes in decaf drinkers urine sample.B. There are more melatonin concentrations in ca
44、ffeine drinkers urine sample.C. Decaf drinkers produce less melatonin.D. Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author of this passage probably agrees that_.A. coffee lovers sleep less than those who do not drink coffeeB. we should not drink coffee after supperC. peopl
45、e sleep more soundly at midnight than at 3 a. m.D. if we feel sleepy at night, we should go to bed immediately（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)American Marriage and FamilyMore surprising, perhaps, than the current difficulties of traditional marriage is the fact that marriage itself is alive an
46、d thriving. As Skolnick notes, Americans are a marrying people: relative to Europeans, more of us marry and we marry at a younger age. Moreover, after a decline in the early 1970s, the rate of marriage in the United States is now increasing. Even the divorce rate need to be taken in this pro marriag
47、e context: some 80 percent of divorced individuals remarry. Thus marriage remains, by far, the preferred way of life for the vast majority of people in our society.What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family. Twenty-five years ago, the typical American family consisted of a husband, a
48、wife, and two or three children. Now, there are many marriages in which couples have decided not to have any children. And there are many marriages where at least some of the children are from the wifes previous marriages, of the husbands, or both. Sometimes these children spend all of their time wi
49、th one parent from the former marriage; sometimes they are shared between the two former spouses(配偶).Thus, one can find every type of family arrangement. There are marriages without children; marriages with children from only the present marriage; marriages with “full-time“ children from both the present and former marriages; marriages wi
