1、职称英语卫生类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-36 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.I was amazed at the beauty of the mountain when I reached the top.A. excited B. astonished C. happy D. shocked（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.I am not certain whether he will come.A. determined B. sureC. sorry D. glad（分数：1.00）A.B.C.
2、D.3.These are their motives for doing itA. reasonsB. excusesC. answersD. plans（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.I am feeling a lot more healthy than I was.A. many B. noC. some D. much（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.I have been trying to give up smoking.A. give off B. put up C. quit D. accept（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Before the invent
3、ion of photoengraving,steel and copperplate engraving served as the principal means of reproducing illustrations.A. visions B. picturesC. advertisements D. pages（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The boy is too young to discriminate right from wrong.A. infer B. access C. distinguish D. recognize（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.I
4、 didnt help him. I would have,however,I didnt have the money.A. or B. but C. otherwise D. still（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The population of Seattle is a conglomerate of people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds.A. a company B. a fluctuationC. an assortment D. a matching（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.After
5、making observations for a week in the plant, the industrial engineer made a number of very constructive suggestions in an oral report to the manager.A. careful B. cautiousC. deserved D. helpful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.I am not certain whether he will come.A. sureB. determinedC. sorryD. glad（分数：1.00）A.B.C
6、.D.12.Jane said that she couldnt tolerate the long hours.A. stand B. spend C. take D. last（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.France has kept intimate links with its former African territories.Afriendly BprivateCstrong Dsecret（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Although originally a German innovation, kindergarten got its real sta
7、rt in the United States as a movement to provide an improved learning environment for children.A. an easy B. a playful C. an open D. a better（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The growth of part-time and flexible working pattern allows more women to take advantage of job opportunities.A. make use of B. catch up wi
8、th C. cast light on D. get rid of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)FoodThe U. S. food supply is the most varied and abundant in the world. Americans spend a smaller share of their disposable income on food than citizens of any other country and choose from an average of 50,000 different fo
9、od products on a typical outing to the supermarket. In 1994, the fowl supply provided an estimated 3,800 calories per person per day, enough to supply every American with more than one and a half times their average daily energy needs. Given this abundance, few of the Nations resources have traditio
10、nally been devoted to measuring or reducing food waste.In recent years, growing concern about hunger, resource conservation, and the environmental and economic costs associated with food waste have raised public awareness of food loss. This in turn has accelerated public and private efforts to make
11、better use of available, food supplies by recovering safe and nutritious food that would otherwise be wasted.Of course, not all food that is lost is suitable for consumption. Some losses like the condemnation of diseased animals at the slaughtering house (屠宰场), or the discard of rotten fruit from th
12、e produce shelf at the supermarket are necessary to ensure the safetyand health of the U. S. food supply. Such foods are not recoverable for human use.Likewise, plate fragments are appropriately discarded at eating establishments out of health considerations. In addition, not all food that is lost i
13、s economically recoverable. Food recovery efforts are often limited by financial restraints that make it difficult to match recovered food with potential recipients.Nevertheless, large quantities of healthy, edible food are lost at every stage of the marketing system. Example of such losses include
14、meats, bread, and other foods prepared by a restaurant or hotel but never served and the discard of defected or over-ripe .produce, which maybe difficult to sell out for some reasons, but are otherwise nutritious and safe.（分数：7.00）(1).The problem in America that the author is talking about in this p
15、assage is large amounts of food are lost in American.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).The authors attitude towards the condemnation of diseased animals is reasonable.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).It is implied in Para 4 that many food recovery efforts are t
16、oo cheap to be practical.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).The American food industry can produce enough products for its entire people.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).Discarding over-ripe produce is necessary for restaurants.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17、（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).People start to pay more attention to food waste.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Discarding plate fragments is necessary for peoples health.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)A. to send goods to various parts of th
18、e worldB. at any time during the yearC. has greatly promoted tradeD. is it possible to produce on a large scaleE. the transport of goodsF. it is possible to produce on a large scale（分数：4.00）(1).The development of modern means of transport _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Only when goods can be carried to all p
19、arts of the world quickly _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Transport has made it possible for people to eat whatever food they want _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).In the trade of modern society the transmission of information plays as important a role as _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. if we can drive yield upB. when Mexico, China
20、 and India join in the projectC. if we want to fight against malnutrition and povertyD. when we use modern technologies and develop new onesE. when the developed world help the developing worldF. when strategic research can be utilized worldwide（分数：4.00）(1).Dr. Fischer claims that agriculture will c
21、ontinue to develop _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Land can be saved for other purposes _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The investment can be regarded as efficient _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).The global decrease in investment should he changed _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Youth Emancipati
22、on in SpainThe Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.Around 55 percent of people aged 18-34 in Spain still sleep in their parents home, says the latest report from the countrys state-run Insti
23、tute of Youth.To coax(劝诱) young people from their homes, the Institute started a “Youth Emancipation(解放)“ programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.Economists blame young peoples family dependence on the precarious(不稳定的)labour market and increasing housing prices.
24、 Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000.Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists(社会学家). Family ties in south EuropeItaly, Portugal and Greeceare stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report “Th
25、e Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Key for Understanding“.“In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private. life is organized,“ said Minguez.In Spain especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles
26、, cousins, nieces and nephews(外甥/侄子) all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner.Parents tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules.“A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents compl
27、ain hell put up a fight and call the father a fascist,“ said Jos6 Antonio Gomez Yanez , a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid.Mothers willingness to do childrens household chores(家务) worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. The eldest,
28、 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good.“His mum does the wash and cooks for him; in the end, he lives well,“ Masso said.（分数：15.00）(1).The “Youth Emancipation“ programme aims at helping young peopleA. live in an independent way.B. fight for freedom.C. fight against social injustic
29、e.D. get rid of family responsibilities.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than inA. Greece. B. Finland. C. Spain. D. Italy.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Young peoples family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPTA. par
30、ents tolerance. B. housing problems.C. unwillingness to get married. D. cultural traditions.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following statements is NOT true of Dionisio Masso?A. She has a boyfriend. B. She is 60 years old.C. She has three children. D. She lives in Madrid.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The p
31、hrase “wary of“ in paragraph 8 could be best replaced byA. tired of. B. afraid of.C. worried about. D. cautious about.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)High Stress May Damage MemoryAccording to a report issued in May 1998, elderly people who have consistently high blood levels of cortisol dont s
32、core as well on memory tests as their peers with lower levels of the stress hormone. Whats more, high levels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus, a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory.The findings suggest that even cortisol levels in the nor
33、mal, “healthy“ range can actually acceIerate brain aging.The study results “now provide substantial evidence that long-term exposure to adrenal stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans“, write Nada Porter and Philip Landfield of the University of Kentucky in Lexington i
34、n their editorial. Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress by the adrenal glands, which sit on top of the kidneys.Over a 5 to 6-year period. Dr. Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24-hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers, most of whom were in their 70s.Despite wide variati
35、on in cortisol levels, the participants could be divided into three subgroups: those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently high (increasing/high); those whose cortisol progressively increased over time and was currently moderate (increasing/moderate); and subjects whose
36、cortisol decreased, but was currently moderate (decreasing/moderate).The researchers tested the volunteers memory on six people in the increasing/high category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group. The groups did not differ on tests of immediate memory, but the increasing/high cortisol g
37、roup had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing/moderate group.The researchers also found that the total volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing/high group was 14% lower than those in the decreasing/moderate group, although there were no differences in other brain r
38、egions.The results suggest that “ . brain aging can be accelerated by levels of adrenal hormones that are not generally regarded as pathological and that variation within this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging,“ write Porter and Landfield. “This further suggests that ch
39、ronic stress may accelerate the worsening of hippocampus. /（分数：15.00）(1).The part of the brain important for a persons learning and memory is_A. the cortisolB. the adrenal glandsC. the stress hormonesD. the hippocampus（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).When the levels of cortisol go higher, the hippocampus in the
40、 brain may_.A. become largerB. become smallerC. be missingD. be totally damaged（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the article, when people feel too worried or nervous or when they overwork,_.A. the adrenal glands will produce a streets hormoneB. the kidneys will produce adrenal glandsC. the hippocamp
41、us will produce high levels of cortisol in the bloodD. the cortisol will produce something that makes a poorer memory（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).When the total volume of the hippocampus becomes smaller, other brain regions_.A. become smaller tooB. become largerC. may remain the same in sizeD. may be damage
42、d（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Porter and Landfields research shows that_.A. the change in the levels of adrenal hormones has nothing to do with the degree of brain agingB. the change in the levels of adrenal hormones has a lot to do with the degree of brain agingC. the long-term stress will gradually make t
43、he hippocampus worseD. None of the above is correct（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Colds are very common. The symptoms of the common cold include a sore throat, runny nose, stuffed-up nose, and tiredness. Colds are caused by viruses, but scientists cannot explain the exact cause. There is no c
44、ure. Many people, however, believe that they know the causes of and cures for the common cold. For example, they believe that it is possible to get a cold if we get chilled, if we get extra tired, or if we are too close to a person with a cold. In other words, if we want to prevent catching cold, we
45、 should stay warm and dry; we should avoid getting too tired, and we should not be in close contact with people who have colds.Meanwhile, there are probably hundreds of “ cures“ throughout the world for the common cold. For example, the following suggestions are popular in quite a number of societie
46、s : (1) drink plenty of water; (2) get extra rest; (3) take a lot of vitamin C; (4) take aspirin; (5) keep warm.Each year people spend a lot of money on cold medicines-pills, liquids, lozenges (含片). But these medicines do not cure colds; they can only relieve cold symptoms. In other words, they make
47、 us feel better.（分数：15.00）(1).The passage is mainly about _. A. looking for causes of the common coldB. introducing some cures for the common coldC. some facts about the common coldD. new medicines for curing the common cold（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, people with colds feel _. A.
48、stuffyB. tiredC. thirstyD. dizzy（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).To prevent catching cold, you _. A. should not go out on a rainy dayB. should not wash your hair in cold weatherC. should keep away from a person who has a coldD. should make yourself tired（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is NOT a “cure
49、“ for the common cold?A. Take a lot of vitamin C.B. Drink plenty of water.C. Get more rest.D. Put on as many clothes as possible.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is true about the common cold?A. There are no medicines that c, an cure cold.B. There are hundreds of symptoms of the common cold.C. Many people know what causes the common cold.D. Scie
